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Part of the series of articles about Singapore History puran Singapore (1942)

Timeline of Riot Nuvola Singaporean flag.svg Portal Singapore lbs Singapore played a small role in the development of Southeast Asian history until [|Sir] Stamford Raffles established an English port there. Under British colonial rule, Singapore has turned into a very strategic port considering its location in the midst of the trade route between India and China which has finally become the most important port in the world to this day. During World War II, Singapore was occupied by Japanese troops from 1942 to 1945.

After the war, local residents were justified in running their own government but still not achieving independence. Then in 1963 Singapore had joined Tanah Melayu together with Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. But Singapore was expelled from Malaysia and became a republic on August 9, 1965.

In the late 14th century, Singapore was part of the kingdom of [|Sriwijaya] and was known as Temasek ("Sea Town").

It is believed that Singapore was the center of the Malay kingdom before he was occupied by Sir Stamford Raffles. This is based on the writings of Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi who stated that when Singapore was cleared, the hills found there were known as a prohibited hills, and there were many fruit trees planted there. This shows that there is an administrative center there.

Apart from that, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi also stated that he found a stone engraving with an unidentified and obscure writing engraving. The Singapore inscription shows Singapore has become an administrative center since long ago before the arrival of the British.

Unfortunately the inscription was destroyed shortly after British arrival by an English engineer. However, there was a note on a copy of the writing that had been sent to London but failed to interpret. If the copies of the writings can be recovered, they can give an estimate of when they are carved through the translation or if they still fail to translate, through the type of writing used.

 Modern Singapore Establishment (1819)

Between the 16th century and the 19th century, the Malay Islands gradually became the property of colonists from Europe. The beginning of colonialism from the West began when the Portuguese arrived in Melaka in 1509. When in the 17th period, the Dutch had controlled most of the main ports in the [|Malay] Archipelago. The Dutch had monopolized all the spice trade which at that time was an important trading material. Other European colonizers, including Britain, only have small trade rights.

Thomas Stamford Raffles, Founder of Modern Singapore. In 1818, Sir Stamford Raffles was installed as governor in one of the British ports in Bengkulu, Sumatra. Raffles believes that Britain needs to find a way to become the dominant ruler in this migrant. One way is to build a new port in the Straits of Melaka. The existing British port, Pinang Island, is too far from the Straits of Melaka, while Bengkulu faces the Sunda Strait.

In 1818, he had succeeded in convincing East Indies Company (EIC) to look for a new port on this island.

Raffles arrived in Singapore on January 29, 1819. He met a small Malay village at the mouth of the Singapore River which was chaired by a Temenggung Johor. The island was managed by the Johor Sultanate but the political situation was unstable. The heir to the Sultan of Johor, Tengku Abdul Rahman was controlled by the Dutch and Bugis. Raffles later learned that Tengku Abdul Rahman became the sultan just because of his brother, Tengku Hussein did not exist during his father's death. According to Malay customs, the prospective sultan needs to be on the sultan's side if he wants to be appointed sultan.

Tengku Hussein. This agreement became legal on February 6, 1819.

Early Development (1819-1826)

Raffles returned to Bengkulu shortly after signing an agreement with Johor. William Farquhar heads the British colonies with the help of a British troop.

Behind the problems that Singapore faces is growing rapidly due to its status as a free port. Arab traders, Tiong Hoa and India make it their stopover.

Strait Settlements (1826-1867)

The establishment of Singapore by Raffles has been problematic when the Dutch government accused the British of interfering with its influence area. At first the British Empire and the British East Indies Union were sympathetic to this problem but later they ignored it for the sake of progress in Singapore. By 1822, it was clear Britain had the intention that they would never hand over Singapore.

Singapore's status as British property is reinforced by the signing of the 1824 British-English Agreement whereby the Malay Archipelago is divided into two powers. Northern regions include Penang, Malacca and Singapore as the area of ​​English influence while the southern area is under Dutch influence. In 1826, Singapore together with Penang and Malacca belonged to one government that is the Straits Settlements.

Japanese Occupation Period (1942-1945)

On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. One of Japan's goals is to dominate Southeast Asia because of economic factors. Singapore, which is the main base of the Allied Military, is Japan's main target.

In Singapore many think that Japan will attack it before attacking Malaya. The British are willing to provide between their best war contingents. Online This includes the delivery of the HMS Prince of Wales warship and the HMS Repulse warship. They also escorted several other warships.

On December 8, 1941, the Japanese army landed in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. After two days Japanese troops landed, the Prince of Wales ship and the Repulse ship sank due to being destroyed by the Japanese army. The Japanese army continued to advance throughout the Malay Land causing the British army to be forced to retreat south to Singapore. By January 31, 1942, after 55 days of the attack on the Japanese army, the Japanese army had succeeded in controlling the entire Malay Land and preparing to attack Singapore.

After several battles, Lieutenant-General Arthur Ernest Percival and British soldiers surrendered to General Yamashita Tomoyuki on the Lunar New Year on February 15, 1942. Approximately 130,000 soldiers from India, Australia and England became prisoners of war. The fall of Singapore was the biggest British surrender in history.

Singapore was later named Syonan-to (Shōnan-tō, "Southern Light) in Japanese. Singapore was occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945.