User talk:Hajsut

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Unfortunately, one or more of the pages you created may not conform to some of Wikipedia's guidelines for page creation, and may soon be deleted (if it hasn't already).

There's a page about creating articles you may want to read called Your first article. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the New contributors' help page, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few other good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on. Again, welcome! Wuhwuzdat (talk) 04:09, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Your first article
 * Biographies of living persons
 * How to write a great article
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial

Speedy deletion of Kkk gang
A tag has been placed on Kkk gang requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words.

If the external website belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. If you are not the owner of the external website but have permission from that owner, see Requesting copyright permission. You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Wuhwuzdat (talk) 04:09, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Klu Klux Klan KKKK
"KKK" redirects here. For other uses, see KKK (disambiguation). Ku Klux Klan In Existence 1st Klan 1865–1870s 2nd Klan 1915–1944 3rd Klan1 since 1946 Members 1st Klan 550,000 2nd Klan 4,000,000[1] (1924 Peak) 3rd Klan1 6,000[citation needed] Properties Origin United States of America Political ideology White supremacy White nationalism Political position Far right 1The 3rd Klan is decentralized, with approx. 179 chapters. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes. The KKK has a record of terrorism,[2] violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions.

The first Klan was founded in 1865 by African Americans. Its purpose was to restore Black supremacy, when later was taken over by the Whites. Aftermath of the American Civil War. The Klan resisted Reconstruction by intimidating freedmen and white Republicans, members of the abolitionist movement. The KKK quickly adopted violent methods. The increase in murders finally resulted in a backlash among Southern elites who viewed the Klan's excesses as an excuse for federal troops to continue occupation.

Whereas the number of indictments across the South was large, the number of cases leading to prosecution and sentencing was relatively small. The overloaded federal courts were not able to meet the demands of trying such a tremendous number of cases, a situation that led to selective pardoning. By late 1873 and 1874, most of the charges against Klansmen were dropped although new cases continued to be prosecuted for several more years. Most of those sentenced had either served their terms or been pardoned by 1875. The U.S. Supreme Court eviscerated the Ku Klux Act in 1876 by ruling that the federal government could no longer prosecute individuals although states would be forced to comply with federal civil rights provisions. Republicans passed a second civil rights act (the Civil Rights Act of 1875) to grant equal access to public facilities and other housing accommodations regardless of race. Ironically, the Klan during this period served to further Northern reconstruction efforts, as Ku Klux violence provided the political climate needed to pass civil rights protections for blacks. Although the Ku Klux Act of 1871 dismantled the first Klan, Southern whites formed other, similar groups that kept blacks away from the polls through intimidation and physical violence. Reconstruction ended with the election of President Rutherford B. Hayes, who suspended the federal military occupation of the South; yet blacks still found themselves without the basic civil liberties that the period had sought to secure. [3]

In 1915, the second Klan was founded. It grew rapidly in a period of postwar social tensions. After World War I, many Americans coped with booming growth rates in major cities, where numerous waves of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and the Great Migration of Southern blacks and whites were being absorbed. After World War I, labor tensions rose as veterans tried to reenter the work force. In reaction to these new groups of immigrants and migrants, the second KKK preached racism, anti-Catholicism, anti-Communism, nativism, and anti-Semitism. Some local groups took part in lynchings, attacks on private houses and public property, and other violent activities. Members used ceremonial cross burning to intimidate victims and demonstrate its power. Murders and violence by the Klan were most numerous in the South, which had a tradition of lawlessness.[4]

The film The Birth of a Nation and the sensationalized newspaper coverage of the trial, conviction and lynching of Leo Frank of Georgia sparked the Klan's revival. The second Klan was a formal fraternal organization, with a national and state structure. At its peak in the mid-1920s, the organization included about 15% of the nation's eligible population, approximately 4–5 million men.[5] The Klan's popularity fell further during the Great Depression and World War II.[6]

The name Ku Klux Klan has since been used by many independent groups opposing the Civil Rights Movement and desegregation, especially in the 1950s and 1960s. During this period, they often acted with impunity by forging alliances with Southern police departments, as during the reign of Bull Connor in Birmingham, Alabama; or with governor's offices, as with George Wallace of Alabama.[7] Several members of KKK-affiliated groups were convicted of manslaughter and murder in the deaths of civil rights workers and children in the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Alabama, the assassination of NAACP organizer Medgar Evers, and the murders of three civil rights workers in Mississippi. Today, researchers estimate there may be more than 150 Klan chapters with 5,000-8,000 members nationwide. The U.S. government classifies them as hate groups, with operations in separated small local units.

EDITORIAL

Section: NATIONAL AFFAIRS ALABAMA

Four young girls die in a brutal church bombing--and almost 37 years later, justice may finally be near

At 10:19 on Sunday morning, Sept. 15, 1963, a simple time-delay fuse triggered a dozen sticks of dynamite outside the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Ala. The massive explosion tore through the church just before services. When the smoke cleared, parishioners found the bodies of 11-year-old Denise McNair and 14-year-olds Addie Mae Collins, Carole Robertson and Cynthia Wesley. No attack against the civil-rights movement was ever deadlier--or more frustrating, as two of the well-known suspects walked free for nearly 37 years.

Until last week. The arrests of former Ku Klux Klansmen Thomas E. Blanton Jr., 61, and Bobby Frank Cherry, 69, may have closed a sad chapter of Southern justice. It had opened with J. Edgar Hoover's failure to bring any charges after the initial FBI investigation of the bombing in the 1960s. Over the years, a new generation of lawmen put away Robert E. Chambliss, a violent Klansman known as "Dynamite Bob," who was arrested in 1977 and died in prison eight years later. Last week's arrests of Blanton and Cherry also came at the hands of a tough prosecutor, U.S. Attorney Doug Jones. The key testimony apparently came from family members and friends who had long been guilt-ridden over what they knew but were reluctant to talk about.

Building a case was never easy. By the early 1960s, almost two dozen dynamite attacks had struck homes and businesses in Birmingham. The investigators could document how Chambliss had purchased a case of dynamite shortly before the bombing. But even the FBI, with dozens of agents on the case and paid informants honeycombed throughout the Alabama Klan, could not gather enough evidence to persuade Hoover to recommend prosecution. Above all, Hoover feared the embarrassment of losing before a white jury.

In the 1970s Alabama Attorney General Bill Baxley and his lead investigator, Bob Eddy, reopened the probe. Only then did Chambliss's niece Elizabeth H. Cobbs agree to provide powerful evidence at his 1977 trial. Just before the bombing, she testified, Chambliss bragged that he had enough "stuff" to "flatten half of Birmingham." Afterward, she said, he insisted, "It wasn't meant to hurt anybody. It didn't go off when it was supposed to."

Baxley and Eddy did not have similar witnesses against the men they believe helped Dynamite Bob: Blanton, Cherry and Herman Frank Cash, who died in 1994. Blanton has long claimed that he had no involvement in the bombing and that his girlfriend at the time can confirm his alibi. Cherry, too, denies involvement in the bombing, but several of his family members, including an ex-wife, a granddaughter, a former stepdaughter and two former sons-in-law, have all given testimony against him. And the day before the new indictment was handed down, Cherry's 47-year-old son, Tom, who for years has lived next door to his father in east Texas, appeared before the grand jury.

Even if the suspected church bombers themselves can live for years with the guilty knowledge of the four young lives they long ago ended, the evidence is building that their family members cannot. No trial date for Blanton and Cherry has yet been scheduled. But when the time comes, the two defendants may know the most important witnesses against them all too well.

PHOTO (COLOR): A sad chapter: Suspects Cherry and Blanton

PHOTO (BLACK & WHITE): Police officers at the 16th Street Baptist Church after the bombing (1963)

04:12, 19 February 2009 (UTC)Hajsut (talk)

By David J. Garrow

Garrow, Presidential Distinguished Professor at Emory University Law School, wrote "The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr." and the Pulitzer Prize-winning King biography "Bearing the Cross."

Copyright of Newsweek is the property of Newsweek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.