User talk:Hasnainafzal254

Linking Nature 	Back Ground I have read so many articles related to reports on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Then I realized it is important to describe and enlighten the significance of Ecosystem services and Biodiversity to help people and realize them that Ecosystem services and Biodiversity are related and have a direct relationship with each other. For this purpose, I have taken views of several Forestry and climate change graduation students as well. Our students and the common public cannot understand the importance of biodiversity and Ecosystem services. The Importance of the link between biodiversity and Ecosystem has a great impact on their social life and their wellbeing concept of human progress because this understanding will raise the importance of Ecosystem services which will improve themselves and their concept of social equity. 	Introduction As we know the value of Biodiversity and Ecosystem has a great impact on the social life of humans generally known as human beings. So we were discussing to explore the link between Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity. We also have determined sustainability by linking Bio diversity and Eco system. We have focused also on a lot of fewer attention issues such as valuation of nature. In third world countries, this issue never got healthy attention, but in developed countries, they have a proper system for valuation of nature and they consider the valuation of nature as their precious assets. I have also enlightened the views of general public opinions. Endangered species is the major problem for the people to understand their importance and save them for future generations by conservation. In this article, we have focused that people need to collaborate the government initiatives for the conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. We have also enlightened and understand nature’s point of view with the help of Foresters, Concerned public and climate change activists that nature should be deal according to natural conditions. In the end I have discussed tangible and intangible services and benefits from Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.

	Research Questions Through studying and research, there were so many questions raised in my mind few of them were as below. 	Are ecosystem services are cause of worry for biodiversity?? 	What will happen if we lose most of the Biodiversity species? 	 How will one specie lose effect on all Eco System services? 	How the Biodiversity conservation does fit into picture sustainable development? 	How to approach and determine the economic valuation of certain Ecosystem Services? 	How to make nature visible? 	How to price the priceless Ecosystem Services? 	What are the key factors for the degradation of Ecosystem Services?

	Summary Bio diversity loss is a 10-100 times quicker dying ratio to population growth so I will start what to worry about the links between Bio diversity and Ecosystem Services. Biodiversity and ecosystem services are interrelated to each other in a wide aspect. Species richness has important value in exploring these links, rules of species abundance is important as functional diversity. We need to worry about the imbalance interaction between Eco system Services and Biodiversity because it leads all species in danger. We have to worry about the food chain just because of the degradation of the Ecosystem, because if imbalance interaction occurs between Ecosystem and Biodiversity, it will lead to increase in one species population, decreasing other species population. To differentiate in specie is due to their response to climatic condition and ecosystem functioning. Now if we lost most of the species in biodiversity it will cause all form of life in danger. Loss of biodiversity species means loss of eco system which will result in loss of natural processes, what just human left on earth? Yes, it is sure human has the last number, but what if there is no plant left on earth for human? The main factor for species loss is habitats loss, irreversible loss of genetically information or evolutionary and technological loss. We need to take biodiversity as insurance for future generations because there is a need to established biodiversity for future generations. There is also a need for biodiversity marketing to compete with sustainable needs. Sometimes a question arises in our mind if there is only one specie loss then what will happen? So if only a single species is lost in biodiversity it will effect another single species directly or indirectly, because every species has interaction with other species and environment If there is only one specie loss it will affect the variety of ecosystem to further elaborate I will give you an example: Conifer species gives maximum oxygen supply for breathing if they are losing that mean entire populations of other species are in danger, so we have to protect every species function Biodiversity. Now biodiversity includes aquatic as well as terrestrial species. Ecosystem services refer a tight connection between human and ecosystem to meet human daily and future needs, e.g. some tangible needs are fuelwood, timber, medicinal products, ecotourism, etc. Some intangible services include soil transformation, soil structure, soil modification, underground water filtration, air filtration, carbon dioxide sequester storage, etc. These all are properly classified from three types of cultural values, provisional values, supporting values. Biodiversity and ecosystem services are directly linked. Biodiversity is not dependent on ecosystem, but Ecosystem Services are dependent on biodiversity. How to attain sustainable ecosystem services? I.	By protecting danger areas for minimizing the habitat loss. II. By reforestation and Afforestation. III. By applying traditional knowledge because of people’s preference. IV. By applying modern knowledge and convincing people by elaborating their advantages. V.	By sustainable aquatic applications such as fisheries etc. Now “How to fit biodiversity conservation in a picture of sustainable development”? It can be achieved through understanding the habitat original condition and having proper knowledge to deal with it. It can be achieved through, i.	By proper planning. ii. Implementation of rules. iii. Law above everything. We should learn how to manage a sustainable manner on ecology for sustainable development as well, if we will conserve forest it will help us in Ecosystem sustainable services which will help in international trade as well. For understanding Biodiversity we need to understand ecosystem from human beings by sustainable ecosystem services. We need to refresh data manipulation through goods for better evaluation. Sustainable development is helping human to improve their living style and social equity by goods produced from Ecosystem Services. The most important aspect for Ecosystem is to approach and determination of the economic valuation of Ecosystem. For understanding, you must know that every good looking thing has some good value than a bad looking thing. Here we can say forests have the beauty which will touch the soul so it should be valued as well and should be restored to their original shape until priceless becomes valuable. The Ecosystem contributes 5% of the world’s GDP. They are supporting the world’s economy by 10 trillions of USD produced by forest markets across the world. By analyzation, we need to evaluate the biodiversity. We need to recognize the cultural values, medicinal values, food values, etc. In short, we need to make tax free markets for ecosystem produced goods. For better evaluation, 	There is a need for new Environmental markets. 	There is also a need for environmental liabilities to the industries which causes damage to certain forest areas. 	There is also a need for environmental liabilities to the industries which causes damage to a certain forest area. 	Demonstrate the estimate of ecosystem of Ecosystem Services. 	Capture the value of ecosystem services. 	Identify and access the full range of ecosystem services. Forestry has improved the livelihood of poor people by different means but payable ecosystem services have a significant role in it by proper valuation. Some of the mechanisms for payable ecosystem services are, •	Green Indian State Trust (GIST). •	REDD-plus under the UN framework. As per Economy Agriculture uses 37% of the world’s labor, by 2030 world’s 80% population will be living in cities so there is need to work on urban forestry and also on payable urban ecosystem services as well. The government should allocate the ecological budget for the betterment of resources. The Economists should help us to make ecosystem services in monetary terms. As biodiversity and ecosystem services are directly linked, so biodiversity can be taken as insurance for future generations. If we look on values of ecosystem services in monetary term’s then values are, •	Pollination value in the monetary terms is 112 billion USD. •	Groundwater valuation is 30 billion USD. We need to attract global financers toward climate markets. There is a need to make branding of ecosystem services. There should be small enterprises to promote business. We should regulate and legalize and regulate the climate to give confidence to investors. Habitat is destroyed in many ways such as the conversion of forest land in urban and Industrial development means the destruction of habitat. Introduction of non-native invasive species overexploitation of natural resources, biodiversity degradation, lack of awareness, overpopulation, industrialization, natural disasters, overhunting, etc. 	CONCLUSIONS Biodiversity conversation and sustainable management helps people of the world to improve their way of life, economic growth. It helps us to fight against Ecosystem services and global warming. Habitat loss is the main cause of species loss. Valuation of the Ecosystem in monetary terms to compare present and future. Natural Resources are natural assets. It reduces poverty with the help of natural capital. A better account of business independence on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Investments in infrastructure if Biodiversity and Ecosystem.

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Hasnain Afzal 										(16 arid 2917) FRM PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi