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Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962)

The march to independence came with much time and effort from both Algeria and its supporters. The Algerian war of Independence took place between 1954 through 1962 when Algeria finally earned their independence after years of guerilla strikes, terrorism, counter terrorism and riots between the French settler and armies and the colonists in Algeria, led by the FLN, Front de Liberation Nationale and other pro-independence Algerians. Algeria was originally conquered in 1808 by Napoleon. In 1827, France issued a three year blockade of Algeria to enhance the decline of the monarchy. In 1830, the French set out to a full scale of invasion which led to over 130 years of French rule in Algeria, establishing Algeria as an French colony in 1848. The Algeria country was now part of the republic, known as French Algeria. The main goal of the French colonization in Algeria was to establish integration of French post in interior Africa. French government allowed settlers known as pied noirs. After successfully colonizing Algeria, French government turned Algeria economy into a cash crop economy. After WW1 a large number of Algerians received French citizenship for their participation in the war under leadership Messali Hadj, who founded L'Étoile Nord Africaine in 1926 to demand higher wages and support other worker interests, however, during World war 2 the French third republic was overthrown, and replaced by the Vichy government who proved themselves to be very unpopular amongst Algerians. The Vichy government increased taxes to pay for the war effort and supported racial policies that favored people of French ancestry. This became a big problem for the Algerians and led to the rebellion of French rule. French settlers came into the north African lands, and removed the natives from their homelands claiming the best lands for themselves, resorting in scarcity of food for Algerians ultimately resulting in the use of indentured servants. on May 8, 1945, the last day of the war in Europe, Algeria's population held public celebrations all over the country, but when a procession of Arabs and Berbers displayed the green-and-white flag of Abd al-Kader's 1840 uprising in the town of In Setif, French police tried to stop the march. Violence broke out and by the time it ended, over 100 Europeans had been killed in the surrounding region. The violence spread to other regions, notably the coastal towns of Guelma and Bone, where two Algerians died, 50 were wounded and 66 settlers hospitalized. The French arrested thousands and summarily executed some at Guelma. The French claimed that a total of between 1,000 and 1,300 people were killed, while Algerian estimates were closer to 45,000. The killings and mistreatments of the Algerian people provoked further rebellion leading to the establishment of the FLN in Algeria. The FLN Front de Liberation Nationale was a faction of young Algerian Muslims who established themselves as an guerrilla organization dedicated to winning independence from France. The Algerian war of Independence popped off officially in 1954 November 1st, when the FLN launched their first attacks against French military installations, communication, and police stations in Algeria which they were then able to call for support through the radio. It was easy for the FLN to gain support throughout the war due to the brutal tactics applied by the French officials like Massu, who used torture methods against cities and villages who were suspected of harboring FLN troops. The terror and brutal acts taken place by French officials gain notice to the rest of the world and as result the French army and the Pied noirs demanded the leadership of Charles De Gaulle, who had plans to restore the French Algerian colony through widespread reforms, however in reaction he FLN set up the Gouvernment Provisionel de la Republique Algeria. To gain back control for those who felt De Gaulle had betrayed them the OAS was established to provoke war against the FLN so they may be punished for opposing the rule of French government. On October 17, 1961--HitmanWilson (talk) 17:38, 7 April 2017 (UTC)Bold textpeaceful march organized by the FLN in Paris led to a blood bath executed out by the Paris police which ended in a large number of deaths, in reaction to this france established an cease fire order however the OAS organized another terrorists attack against the Algerians and French supporters, but ultimately failed establishing a truce in 1962 which led to Charles De Gaulle announcing the independence of Algeria which led to the signing of a peace treaty on march 18, 1962 which ended the war.

"Algerian Independence." Algerian Independence. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2017. Connelly, Matthew James. The Algerian War for Independence: An International History. N.p.: n.p., 1998. Print. "French Algeria 1830-1962 - The Algerian Story." Google Sites. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2017. "French-Algerian Truce ⋆ History Channel." History Channel. N.p., 19 Dec. 2016. Web. 04 Apr. 2017. Horne, Alistair. A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954-1962. New York: New York Review, 2006. Print.