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Biosecurity

This word is most frequently used in the management of broiler and breeder farm management. One scholar said “Importance of any work or person in life can be indicating by the frequency of its usage”

I want to describe the biosecurity in a different sense. According to me biosecurity apply in all part s of human life. It has basic meanings regarding life. The word biosecurity has two parts "Bio" refers to "life" and "security" shows some sort of protection. Hence, "biosecurity" refers to protect a life.

This life protection can be: 	For humans 	For animals 	For birds

Biosecurity has two parts 1.	Regarding labour and management personals (affects bird indirectly) 2.	Regarding poultry birds (Affect bird directly)

Regarding Labour and Management Personals

We mention all those aspects that are useful for the bird biosecurity but forget about those managemental persons which are responsible to bring us up to that huge profit from our projected bird.

We forget the life security to those workers or contacting persons which are more important than for our farm more than our imaginations. As healthy and biosecured person can pay more attention to the bird rather than a weak, diseased or complexions person.

Basic things that we have to provide our staff and labor in regard to secure their life:

	A handsome amount of salary 	A good residence 	A clean uniform 	Long shoes 	Gloves 	Masks 	Preventive medicine 	Offer them incentives like best worker prize, cleanliness prize etc. 	Treat them as they are our own ones 	If they are satisfied than they work more •	Carefully (As they know their owner cares their needs too) •	Attentively (as they know their senior pay attention to them too) •	Efficiently (as they know their owner help them efficiently too) •	Honestly (as they know they will got their right honestly too by their owners) •	Beneficially (as they know their owner become beneficial for them to in their basic needs) •	Curiously (Such workers will try to find out more ways for the betterment of their owner… this will create an environment of competition among staff and workers)

If we do not provide them proper environment than they will work: •	Reluctantly (They will pretend either they are working ... but working will be zero) •	Improperly •	Without any attention (If they will find any weak bird they will leave that bird by saying why will pay attention what our owner giving us in return) •	Dishonesty (Worker and staff do not work honestly… may come late … go early… etc)

If we provide them such a good environment than … how many problems can be solved? 	Workers taking bath problem 	Their uniform changing problem 	Their disinfection problems 	Their behavior with bird 	Vaccination problems 	Medication problems 	Their care to flock 	Their thinking for betterment of flock 	Feeding problems 	Water problems 	Ventilation problems 	Litter problems 	Lighting problems 	Cleaning problems ………..and so on

We can not even count those problems that will be solved by this provision of secured life. Otherwise we have to hire any other person for them to maintain these things but all will be in vain.

Ultimately these problems can produce stress on the bird that is against our all the management processes. Because we all know all these struggles to save bird from germs….. and if u can see all the above mentioned problems directly or indirectly lead to germs or stress for bird that both are fatal for bird.

Let me tell it very clear that when we secure life of our staff it is indirectly saving our bird life. As we all know that the hidden enemy is more adverse than an opened and clear enemy.

Regarding Poultry Birds (Affect bird directly)

We will move towards the biosecurity of birds. The biosecurity to the staff and labor also for the bird but indirectly. Now we are going to discuss those vectors which are influencing directly to the bird. These are:

1.	Isolation (It should be too much isolated that we can implement biosecurity rules in that area strictly. Isolation refers to the confinement of animals within a controlled environment. A fence keeps your birds in, but it also keeps other animals out. Isolation also applies to the practice of separating birds by age group. In large poultry operations, all-in/all-out management styles allow simultaneous depopulation of facilities between flocks and allow time for periodic clean-up and disinfection to break the cycle of disease) 2.	Traffic Control (Traffic Control includes both the traffic onto your farm and the traffic patterns within the farm) 3.	Sanitation (Sanitation addresses the disinfection of materials, people and equipment entering the farm and the cleanliness of the personnel on the farm) 4.	Construction (Its construction should be too much easy to handle labor and staff along with bird) includes:

	Labor residence should be separate 	Biosecurity should be well defined 	Facilities to the Labor and staff at their nearest positions 	Similarly bird management should also be easy

5.	Management requirements includes: 	Equipments, Utensils, (feeders, drinkers, litter, feed, vaccines and medicines etc. should not be shifted or transferred from farm to farm. 	Similarly, there should not a single person as a worker or staff should be visit without consideration of biosecurity.

6.	Management Personals should not allow to go inside biosecurity area without: 	Showering 	Changing uniform 	Shoes changing 	All the measures adaptation for disinfection … either there will be any •	Owner •	Seniors •	Visitors •	Auditors etc.

Our concerning germs are? There are several different types of germs that are often referred to as disease agents or pathogens. They include viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In addition, parasites, found internally (inside the body) and externally (outside the body), can also cause disease. The control of these parasites is considered an important part of a biosecurity program. To Keep the Germs Away From the Poultry?

Many procedures can be instituted to keep the germs away from the poultry. If you consider your flock as a "clean" flock (i.e., free of disease), then there are many ways to prevent disease from entering your farm. Here are a few steps to consider:

1.	Limit visitors on your farm and restrict their direct contact with the flock. 2.	Obtain your birds from a disease-free source. Know the history of the flock by inquiring about past diseases in the parent flock and also the vaccine history of both the parents and newly hatched birds. 3.	If you are adding new birds to your flock, have them quarantined in a separate area from your main flock for at least two weeks. 4.	Keep free-living birds and mammals away from your flock as they may transmit disease agents to your flock of birds. 5.	Obtain feed from a clean dependable source. Store feed so that it is bird-proof, insect-proof, and rodent-proof. 6.	Obtain water from a clean source so it is free from potential contamination. 7.	Ideally, it would be best to keep your pets away from the flock to prevent possible disease transmission.

How Do We Keep the Poultry Away From the Germs?

1.	Prior to the arrival of new birds, clean and disinfect their housing to ensure that there is no build-up of potential disease pathogens from previous flocks. 2.	If birds are housed on dirt flooring, turn over the top layer of soil. This can help reduce potential pathogens and parasites that may be present in the soil and protect your new flock. 3.	Clean and disinfect all equipment and supplies on a regular basis and definitely between flocks. 4.	After disinfection of the housing, it is best to keep the house empty of birds for at least two weeks. 5.	Do not mix different ages or species of birds. Older birds can pass on diseases to younger, more susceptible birds. In addition, some diseases like histomoniasis (blackhead) can be transferred from chickens to turkeys.

By following these biosecurity recommendations, you can ensure that exposure to disease-causing agents can be minimized. By reducing the exposure to disease agents, you can prevent diseases from occurring in your flock.

Biosecurity is a practice designed to prevent the spread of disease onto your farm. It is accomplished by maintaining the facility in such a way that there is minimal traffic of biological organisms (viruses, bacteria, rodents, etc.) across its borders. Biosecurity is the cheapest, most effective means of disease control available. No disease prevention program will work without it.

Infectious diseases can be spread from farm to farm by:

•	Introduction of diseased birds •	Introduction of healthy birds who have recovered from disease but are now carriers •	Shoes and clothing of visitors or caretakers who move from flock to flock •	Contact with inanimate objects (fomites) that are contaminated with disease organisms •	Carcasses of dead birds that have not been disposed of properly •	Impure water, such as surface drainage water •	Rodents, wild animals and free-flying birds •	Insects •	Contaminated feed and feed bags •	Contaminated delivery trucks, rendering trucks, live hauling trucks •	Contaminated premises through soil or old litter •	Air-borne fomites

Egg transmission Of all the possible breakdowns in biosecurity, the introduction of new birds and traffic pose the greatest risk to bird health. Properly managing these two factors should be a top priority on your farm.

To What Extent We Need Biosecurity? In order to assess how much biosecurity is practical for your farm, look at these three factors. 1.	Economics 2.	Common Sense

New birds represent a great risk to biosecurity because their disease status is unknown. They may have an infection or be susceptible to an infection that is already present in birds that appear normal (healthy carriers) on your farm.

While all-in/all-out management isn't feasible for many breeding farms or farms raising exotic fowl or game birds, it is possible to maintain a separate pen or place to isolate and quarantine all new, in-coming stock from the resident population. Isolation pens should be as far from the resident birds as possible. At least 2 weeks of quarantine is suggested; 4 weeks is better.

Watch birds for any signs of illness. Diagnostic blood tests for infectious diseases can also be performed at this time.

Use only clean plastic coops for transfer of poultry. Wooden coops are difficult to clean and have been responsible for distributing poultry diseases over long distances.

Avoid putting new birds, including baby chicks, in contact with droppings, feathers, dust and debris left over from previous flocks. Some disease-causing organisms die quickly; others may survive for long periods. For examples, see Table 1. Direct the flow of on-farm traffic from the youngest to the oldest birds. Direct the traffic flow from the resident to the isolation area. Establish a "clear zone" free of vegetation around buildings to discourage rodent and insect traffic into the buildings or pens. Use a different pair of foot-covers in the isolation area and in the resident bird area to prevent the mechanical transfer of disease organisms on footwear. Footwear should be disinfected at each site. Disinfectant footbaths may help to decrease the dose of organisms on boots. But, because footbaths can be hard to correctly maintain it is a good idea to have a supply of cleanable rubber boots or strong-soled plastic boots for visitors.

Wash your hands after handling birds in isolation or birds of different groups. Disinfect waterers and feeders on a regular basis (daily). Plan periodic clean-out, clean-up and disinfection of houses and equipment, at least once a year. Use this time to institute rodent and pest control procedures. Remember that drying and sunlight are very effective in killing many disease-causing organisms.

Dispose of dead birds promptly by rendering, burning, burying, composting or sending them to a sanitary landfill.

H M KHALID SAEED Farm Manager Farm No. 1 AW Poultry Breeding Farms 169-Shadman Lahore Pakistan +923215987923