User talk:Ivision2020

हम मिलकर बना सकते हैं विकसित भारत

INDIA VISION 2020 TEAM PRESENTS:

हम मिलकर बना सकते हैं विकसित भारत

भारत को विकसित बनाने के vison 2020 में बस एक दशक बचा हैं | इस बचे दशक में हमें क्या करना चाहिए ? डॉ ए पी जे अब्दुल कलाम जी का विशेष लेख हमारे 2010 में प्रवेश के साथ यह भी लगने लगा है की विजन 2020 में आर्थिक रूप से विकसित और सामाजिक रूप से भागीदारी वाले जिस भारत की कल्पना हमने की थी उसे प्राप्त करने का अब यह आखरी दसक बचा है| इस लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने के लिए कई मिशन शुरु किये गए हैं| हाल मैं आये आर्थिक संकट के दौरान हमारी इकोनोमी में सात प्रतिशत की विकास दर बने रहने और अंतररस्त्रीय इकोनोमी के मुकाबले हमारे ज़्यादा स्थिर बने से यह साबित होता है की हमारी आर्थिक प्रणाली का आधार ज़्यादा लचीला है | वास्तव में अनुमान है कि यह विकास दर अगले साल तक आठ प्रतिसत हो जाएगी जिससे आगे चल कर हम विजन २०२० के लक्ष्यों को पाने के लिए इसे दस प्रतिसत विकास दर की पटरी पर डाल सकेंगे| पिछले दसक विकास की राजनीती पर जोर बड़ा है और हम देख रहे हैं के चुनोवो में स्तानीय विकास लगातार मुद्दा बन रहा है और उनके आधार पर परिणाम तय हो रहे हैं यह आखरी दसक हमसे यह उम्मीद रखता है की हम मौजूदा मिश्नो पर चलते रहेंगे और २०२० तक एक विकसित भारत बनाने के अपने उध्यम को भी नया रूप देंगे | सबसे पहले हमें अपने कृषि क्षेत्र में नई उर्जा का संचार करना होगा क्योंकि उस पर दो तिहाई ग्रामीण आबादी निर्भर है |ज़मीन का रकबा और पानी सिमित होने के कारन हमें दूसरी हरित क्रांति के माध्यम से अपनी खेती की उपज दोगुनी करनी होगी| हमें यह भी देखना होगा की किस प्रकार कृषि वैज्ञानिकों के शोध को किसानों तक लाया जाये |वैज्ञानिकों की उत्कृष्टता, स्थानीय विवेक और किसानों की व्यावहारिकता एक महान युति बन सकती हैं| इस दौरान बैंकिंग उद्योग को किसानों विशेषकर छोटी जोत वाले और मजदूरों की मदद के लिए पंचायतों के सहयोग से नए उत्पाद जैसे मोबाइल बैंकिंग का उपयोग शामिल हैं| एकीकृत ग्रामीण विकाश का लक्ष्य प्राप्त करने के लिए देश के छः लाख गांवों तक पहुँचाने वाले सात हजार PURA (providing urban amenities to rural areas )( शहरी सुविधाएँ को गाँवो में लें जाने की योजना) परिसर कायम करने होंगे| इसके लिए तीन स्तरीय संपर्क की जरुरत होगी| उनमें भौतिक, इलेक्ट्रोनिक, और ज्ञान सम्बन्धी संपर्क शामिल हैं | इससे पूरा परिसरों में आर्थिक संपर्क कायम होगा| यह प्रोद्योगिकी, शोध प्रबंधन और उधयंशीलता का संगम होगा जो की रास्ट्रीय विकास के लिए मील कर कम करेगा| इसका जोर रोजगार सृजन पर होगा| यह मिशन निजी, सार्वजनिक और सामुदायिक साझेदार के सहकारिता पर आदृत होगा| इस तरह के रास्ट्रीय पूरा मिसन से न सिर्फ ग्रामीण स्तर पर प्रति व्यक्ति आय बढेगी बल्कि सकल मानवीय विकास सूचकांक को बदने में मदद मिलेगी| इससे ७० करोड़ ग्रामीणों को बेहतर शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य और सफाई की सुविधा हासिल होगी और हमारा देश गाँव और शहर की खाई को पात सकेगा| हमारा अगला मिसन पुरे देश को शुद्द पानी और बिजली देने और पारिस्थितिकी संतुलन को बनाये रखने का होगा | इसके लिए भारत को एक स्वतंत्र उर्जा निति विकसित करनी होगी और उसे लागु करना होगा| इसका जोर गैर पारंपरिक और नवीनीकरण वाले उर्जा स्रोतो पैर ध्यान केन्द्रित करने पैर होगा| इसमें सौर, हवा, जल विद्यूत, जैवईधन नाभिकीय विद्युत् जैसे स्रोतो शामिल हैं | इससे न सिर्फ हमारी उर्जा आवश्यकता पूरी होगी बल्कि जीवाश्म ईधन के प्रयोग से निकलने वाली ग्रीन हाउस गैसों का उत्सर्जन भी कम होगा| इसी तरह हमारे खेतों मैं प्रयाप्त पानी लाने के लिए सिंचाई के तंत्र को भी सुधारना होगा | यह काम वर्षा के पानी को सहजने से, नदियों और देश की जलधाराओं को जोड़ने से कीया जा सकता है| इसे पहले राज्य स्तर पर फिर रास्ट्रीय स्तर वाटर ग्रिड बनाकर करना होगा | इसी तरह पानी के आपूर्ति पक्ष का भी बेहतर प्रबंधन करना होगा| उनके लिए आधुनिक सिचाई जैसे ड्रिप की सिचाई को बढावा देना होगा| सन 2020 तक विकसित देश का लक्ष्य प्राप्त करने के लिए हमें अपनी शिक्षा प्रणाली को क्रांतिकारी रूप देना होगा | इसके लिए हमें मूल्य आधारित शिक्षा को अपनी प्राथमिक शिक्षा से जोरना होगा | इसमें ज्ञान पाने पर ही नहीं वल्कि सृजनात्मकता और मूल्य व्यवस्था हासिल करने पर जोर दिया जाएगा |

21 वी सदी के भारत के लिए सभी मोर्चो पर नेतृत्व की जरूरत होगी | वह ऐसा नेतृत्व होगा जो विस्वसनीयता के साथ काम करेगा और उसी से सफलता भी प्राप्त करेगा | हमारी उच्च शिक्षा प्रणाली को इसलिए काम करना चाहिए की वह किस प्रकार प्रोद्योगिकी और ज्ञान के संयोजन से ज़मीनी स्तर पर क्रांतिकारी बदलाव ला सकेगी | देश की शिक्षा प्रणाली को भारत के युवाओं में एक प्रकार का उत्साह और आत्मविश्वास भरना होगा | वह विस्वास होगा की – में कर सकता हूँ, हम सब कर सकते हैं और भारत कर सकता हैं | इसके आलावा हमारी शिक्षा प्रणाली को भारत को एक ज्ञान आधारित समाज बनाने की दिशा में केन्द्रित करना है | इससे से बात की गारंटी होगी की हर भारतीय के भीतर अंतररस्त्रीय स्तर पर प्रतिस्पर्धा करने की एक कुशलता होगी | या उसके पास इसी उच्च शिक्षा होगी जिससे वह शोध कर सके , विकास कर सके, उत्पादन कर सके , मूल्य सवर्धन करेगा और अंतररस्त्रीय स्तर पर प्रितास्पर्धि उत्पादों और सेवाओ की मार्केटिंग कर सके| लेकिन एक विकसित देश की शक्ल तब तक नहीं बनती जब तक इसमें नागरिकों को अच्छी सेहत प्रदान करने का लक्ष्य शामिल न कीया जाए| इस लक्ष्य में पोषण, टीकाकरण , सफाई , रोकथाम और जागरूकता और उनमें सबसे ऊपर किसी तरह की बीमारी से लर्ने की क्षमता शामिल हैं ! आजीवन स्वस्थ्य देखभाल करने के इस मिशन को तैयार करना होगा और इसे सभी नागरिकों के लिए देश में उपलब्ध विविध पारंपरिक और आधुनिक औषधि प्रणालियों के मिले जुले रूप के माद्यम से लागु करना होगा! एक समिर्ध और खुशहाल भारत पहली शर्त हैं | जब भारत विकसित रास्त्र बन जायेगा तो उसे अंतरस्तरीय समुदाय में ज्यादा जिम्मेदार भूमिका निभानी होगी और हमें यह सोचना होगा की किस तरह से हमारे काम विस्व समुदाय और हमारे परोसियो को प्रभावित करंगें | एक शांतिपूर्ण देश तब तक नहीं बन सकता जब तक शांतिपूर्ण परोस न कायम हो | इस मकसद के लिए व्यापारिक समंधों में सुधार करना होगा, देशो को समान्तर विकास करना होगा और लंबे समय से उलझे मुद्दों को मिल कर सुलझाना होगा| इसी से हम एक हरे – भरे, साफ सुथरे और प्रदूषण मुक्त देश का विकास कर सकेंगे | वहां बिना ग़रीबी के सम्रिदी होगी,बिना युद्ध के शांती होगी और वह देश के सभी नागरिकों के रहने के लिए एक कुशहल जगह होगी |

Source: Hundustan Hindi News Paper

India Vision-2020 team:The Proposed Goal.
Welcome in India Vision 2020 Team to become future leaders in terms of honest citizen, IAS, entrepreneur, very fine scientist, future educationalists, very fine social worker, Very fine Engineers, world class Doctors, Good farmers And etc. also need inventors who revolutionized our lives. Fast development means using opportunities and resources. We have millions of sectors where we can work together and can achieve above Developed nation Goal without delay. We have to make it possible by taking right time right decision through participation and initiative.

“India vision 2020 Team” working in the principle of Dr A P J Abdul Kalam i.e. “Small Aim is a Crime, Think for Big”. Ignited young minds, we feel, are powerful resources. This resource is mightier than any resource on the earth, in the sky, and under the sea. We must all work together to transform our “developing INDIA” into a “Developed INDIA”, and the revolution require for this effort must start in our minds.

Science Series@Vision2020 Issue-I
Science Series @vision2020 Issue-I

Future Science and Technology:

We stand at the beginning 21. century. In the past century the scientific technological development accelerated itself ever more strongly and our environments affected. What will bring us the future?

Today the development of is initiated how we live and work in the future, how old we become, as healthy we to remain or which products and achievement we to use be able. All crucially on it, as depends India succeeds, a prominent place in a global knowledge society securing itself. Basic condition for it is both massive commitment into the production of new knowledge and innovative technologies and in their application and utilization.

Also and technology made possible it for India after the freedom to develop to one of the prominent nations of the world. But our future in crucially on it, as it succeeds, the potential of new technologies to open and leading products on the markets of the world sell.

One goal is it to place the citizens and particularly young people a basic understanding of it which topics will affect each other in the international research to developed particularly dynamically and promisingly at present and in which  way  these in the coming ten years our life. Many of these developments are not well-known the citizens or only in beginning.

Here is to clarify, before which challenge not only India but whole mankind stands. It looks for answers to the global questions: How will we live with the climate change? From where do we get in the future our energy? Can the Earth nourish all us? Other questions concern the everyday life of each particular: Do the genes determine our future? Do Computers Think soon like humans? Will robots lead our household? Can we master an interlaced world? The future is already today arranged.

The search of the origins

Future science and technology

The universe as made for us. If the natural constants developed. Thus we ask ourselves: From where do we come? would be only easily changed, human life would have perhaps never.

Human stand at the end of a long development on earth. The evolution of the life on our planet is thereby a relatively recent process. In the meantime we search not only on earth for our roots, but also in space and look thereby ever further into the past back. The life on earth began 3.5 billion year ago with the first primitive organisms. These could take up materials from their environment and reproduce themselves. Their components, the first complex molecules, formed on earth or came with comets on our planets.

Before it those components developed in the universe over billions of years, of which everything consists. Human, animals, plants, earth, air- everything consists of “ashes” long extinct stars. By astronomical observations, model invoices and refined experiments we know the most important components of the subject. Light elements such as hydrogen and helium developed already with the Big Bang forwords over 13 billion year. Heavy elements, like carbon and oxygen, formed in stars or with their explosive end. Some those extreme conditions place behind physicists today in machines on earth and look in such a way in the internal to the subject.

From observations and experiments we know the elementary particles and know which forces between them work. But the universe consists only to four percent of this “ usual” subject, and the remainder? From astronomical observations cosmologists can determine in the mean time certain parameters of our universe very exactly. Effect, which are based on the attraction of stars and galaxies, show us that there must be approximately four times more subject, than one can see thus “dark subject”. The accelerated expansion of the universe can be explained only by a “dark energy”, upon whose nature can be only speculated however at present.

Like wise there is still no answer to the question: Where do we go?

A Soup of Three Thousand Trillion Degrees

A quark measures a quintillionth of a     matter:10-18 meter or one attometer. A proton is huge in comparison, a thousand times bigger: 10-15 meters. And an atom’s nucleus measures ten times this with 10-14 meters or ten femtometers. The first atoms formed 300,000 years after the birth of the universe at a temperature around 60,000 degree. Prior to this, it was too hot.

Four picoseconds (4×10-12) after the Big Bang the primordial soup still had a temperature of about three times 1015, i.e. three thousand trillion degree. After 0.000001 Seconds and still at seven trillion degrees, proton and neutron formed and after three minutes when the temperature had dropped to one trillion degrees- the first atomic nuclei formed. It tooks a further billion years before the first galaxies appeared.

Big Bang Theory:

Seconds since the Big Bang

0 Second	The Big Bang 0.0000000001	The four forces come into being 0.00000001	Fight between matter and anti-matter 0.000001 Sec.	A quark-gluon plasma fills the universe 0.0001 Sec.	Quarks and gluons form up proton and neutrons 1 Sec.	Neutrinos come into being through radioactive decay 180 Sec	The first atoms and molecules come into being Year  Since the Big Bang

380,000 year	Light can move freely through the young universe for the first time. 200,000,000 year	The emergence of the first stars and the higher elements 7,800,000,000 year	The first Planets forms from star debris 9,200,000,000 year	Our solar system is Born 10,000,000,000year	First life develops on Earth

Astronomy for everyone

Year-Long celebrations taking place to concide with 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and publication of Johannes kepler’s Astronomia Nova.

The universe

Origin of universe-how and when did the universe take shape and its evolution to present state? Scientist and researchers are trying to understand the cosmic processes and what happens behind the horizons of black holes and galaxies? What re the unknown aspects o the universe? What are black holes? What is dark matter? How is dark matter and dark energy dispersed through the universe?

Astronomy

Obeservational astronomy focuses on acquiring and analyzing data using principles of physics. Theoretical astronomy deals with development of analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena.

Origin of Universe

Fundamental to modern cosmology is the well-accepted Big Bang theory, which states that our universe began at a single point in time and then expanded over the course of approx. 13.7 x 109 Years to its present condition.

Galaxies

Typical galaxies contain 107-1012 stars. There are more than 1011 galaxies in the observable universe. An active galaxy has a compact region at its center, having higher than normal luminosity, called active Galactic nucleus.

Dark matter

Dark matter is hypothetical matter that does not interact with the electromagnetic force, but whose presence can be inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter. It was discovered during study of galaxies.

Our Sun

The Sun undergoes periodic changes in activity known as sunspot cycle an 11-year fluctuation in sunspot numbers. Sunspots are regions of lower temperature, associated with intense magnetic activity.

Black hole

It is an evolutionary endpoint of a star 10-15 times massive than the Sun. Most galaxies are believed to contain these at their centers.

Supernova

A stellar explosion- the supernova can become billions of times as bright as the sun before gradually fading from view. At its maximum brightness, the exploded star may outshine an entire galaxy.

Chandrasekhar limit

Named after Nobel laureate S. Chandrasekhar, an Indian astrophysicist, it states that mass of Whit Dwarf star cannot exceed 1.4 solar masses, above which a star will ultimately collapse into a neutron star.

Astronomical observatory

The ancient observatory, Jantar Mantar, consists of astronomical instruments used for measuring time, predicting behaviour of planets and finding extraterrestrial altitude.

Mars- Habitable planet?

Scientists have since long speculated about the possibility of life on mars owing to its proximity and similarity to earth. A number of missions have been launched to explore this possibility.

India’s Achievements In 1975, India sent its first satellite Aryabhatta into orbit. Now, with the launch of its first moon mission chandrayan-1, India has become the fourth country to reach the moon.

Science Series@Vision2020 Issue-II
Nano and life science merge

Future science and technology

We understand today many of the physical, chemical and biological procedures in nature up to the level of the atoms. In the meantime we begin to affect materials and life components purposefully on this tiny scale.

The nano –sciences make it possible to miniaturize the technology extremely and to manufacture products with atomic precision. Complicated systems become ever smaller but there is still much clearance downward: Still we arrived not at the smallest all worlds. The tinny construction units of the nano-world are still substantially larger than atoms or molecules. When will researchers be able to build individual atoms and molecules up as required?

The description of living system becomes ever more comprehensive. The rapid technological development makes it possible to list the entire molecular inventory from cells to and to understand many processes in detail, Of more and more organisms the molecule structural decoded. The developing data flood places biologists before task, which can solve it only together with computer scientists and mathematicians: How do hundreds of millions of molecule cooperate, in order to create lives?

Scientists want to predict in the future the behaviors of simple organisms and to build for instance bacteria with new characteristics. Already today nano-engineers of the elegant ideas of the evolution let themselves be inspired. The demarcations between encouraged and dead nature at sharpness losses. Integrated circuits communicate with living cells and pass on data at computers- and in reverse. Programmable microorganism recycling our waste and become the active substance, energy and chemical producers of the future.

The convergence between nano and life sciences progresses obviously. Synthetic biology is the new nanotechnology.

Proteins

Ribosomes- The Cell’s Protien Factory Ribosomes translate the genetic code into proteins. A cell can accommodate up to 55,000 of these Components which consume more than 80 percent of the cell’s energy.

Harmful Proteins:

Mutaions in Rab proteins cause severe disorders such as chorolderemia that leads to the degeneration of the retina in humans. Scientists have now shed light on the structure of the protein involved, thereby opening up new possibilities for therapy.

Pure protein:

As proteins often have more features in common than they have differences, it is difficult to obtain proteins in their pure form. Scientists are employing various methods to achieve this, including the separation of protein in an electric field.

Proteins – Modular Machines Despite their great diversity, proteins only assume a limited number of basic structural forms and reveal clearly recognizable similarities. Researchers are investigating the questions of how proteins have been formed and how they have evolved.

Protein- Protein Interaction

The interactions between proteins are of central importance for the life of cells. With the help of state- of art Technology, knowledge of these interactions is today growing exponentially, as is the challenge of Interpreting these volume of data. In the case of the protein interactions of the fruitfully, which has a total of about 15,000 genes, researchers are assuming more than 20,000 interactions between the 6, 900 proteins investigated. In order to visualize the data, the proteins that interact with many others were positioned centrally. This creates an organic structure that clearly shows how the interactions combine to form a kind of cell circuit diagram. Researchers are hoping to gain a more accurate understanding of the molecular processes in the body and to contribute to the development of drugs with specific effects.

Protein Structure

Proteins are the building blocks of life. Their genetic constitution contains information on how they are assembled. They are synthesized in ribosomes which are therefore the primary targets for attack by antibiotics. However, only when proteins and ribosomes are in crystalline form can researchers use X-ray techniques to decipher their three-dimensional structures. Proteins reveal great structural diversity – and that considering the human genome alone codes more than 100,000 proteins.

Nanofactory and Nanomachines

Life is a Nanofactory; A human cell has a mass of 10-9 grams, i.e. a billionth of a gram. In a cell, there are about 100 million million (trillion) molecules, i.e. a thousand times more than there are stars in our galaxy. About 50,000 ribosomes generate up to 200,000 different proteins that are at work in the cell, As yet, we only know what a few percent of these nanomachines actually do in detail. For their operation, around a billion ATP molecules, carriers of chemically-stored energy, are available. These are exhausted in two minutes and a further billion molecules take their place. In one day, a person produces and uses up an amount of ATP that corresponds to half his or her body weight.

Molecular Medicine

Molecular Medicine Breaks New grounds; Innovative techniques and detailed knowledge are now opening up new methods of controlling diseases. Scientist are now opening up new methods of controlling diseases. Scientists are researching how the body’s defense cells leave the blood and accumulate at infection sites, thereby contributing to the development of drugs. With artificial vesicles, they attempt to transport minute doses of drugs straight to the affected organs. Alternatively, they increasingly use biologically-active natural substances in the search for active substances.

Dynamics of life.

In order to gain a better understanding of transport processes in cells, fluorescence microscopy, In drawing on this method, biologists at the Max Planck Institutes for Biophysical Chemistry use special fluorescent proteins. Fluorescent proteins and other bio-molecules, together with the other protagonists involved, can be observed on their journey through the cell. Microtubes of the cytoskeleton play an important role here. With the help of this method, Max Planck researchers have discovered two complex fiber systems which give the cell form and stability. The constant formation and breakdown of the fibers permits both the movement and the division of cells.

What Holds the Body Together?

On the one hand, body cells have to adhere to one another and, on the other hand, they have to able to regroup quiklt. Cell attachment is called cell adhesion and plays a key role in many diseases. While researchers at the Maxplanck Institute of colloids and interfaces have developed a model enabling them to predict the behaviour of cells both on and in soft materials, Biochemists are investigating the role of certain genes in this interaction. These finding are important for many different application among others, in the use of implants.

Life in the cell Nucleus:

Scientists of the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry have used the method of cryo-electron tomography developed at the institute to obtain the first 3D images of living cells. This method is similar to computer tomography used to take tomography of the inside of the human body, except that it can be applied to cells that are just a few microns in size. The structure of the gates of the cell nucleus tells us which tasks the individual components perform during the exchange of molecules between cell nucleus and cytoplasm.

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