User talk:Izzieclark/sandbox

Education Jesuit Rhetoric The phrase Eloquentia Perfecta was aimed to produce a Christian version of a classical ideal speaker, one who is good in writing and presenting for the common good. This has remained the Jesuit goal over the last three and a half centuries. It has evolved from teaching, preaching, running missions as well as hearing confessions and while their teachings have stayed fairly similar, it was their phrasing which changed the most in order to be better heard by their readers. American schools are trying to revitalize tradition for rhetoric in relation to core curriculum. There is a new focus on combining written and oral rhetoric, speaking and listening with writing and reading. Media is becoming the biggest way to receive messages across the world, but it is also one of the greatest mediators. Jesuit schools are also engaging literacy with other forms of expression such as the new digital revolution and new media technologies which are visual, aural, kinesthetic, and verbal. The Ratio Studiorum of 1599 gave a set of rules for professors of rhetoric which talks about grade and what one should expect for how to get the most out of their class. Three terms, rhetoric, oratory, and eloquence can sometimes be confused with one another so to define the three will help set up boundaries between them. Rhetoric is can be described as the way one arranges and expresses a thought in a way to adapt and influence someone else's mind. Oratory is a separate division within rhetoric in which content is expressed verbally. Eloquence is an expression of strong emotion that is presented in a way to bring up similar emotions in others. Jesuit rhetoric is often presented with strong emotions which is something that has come from the Ignatian Spiritual Exercises. It is important to know that a perfect orator is also dependent of the safety and welfare of the whole community and not only on the individuals dignity. Eloquentia perfecta in Jesuit colleges There are 189 Jesuit institutions, with 28 being in the United States. The first Jesuit school opened in 1548 in Messina, Sicily. Since then, the Jesuit higher education system has continued to comit itself to service, leadership, academic excellence, and caring for the person as a whole. Ignation Pedagogy The Eloquentia based Ignation Pedagogy is aimed at educating the whole person and producing men and women for others. They integrate eloquence and critical thinking with moral discernment. Teaching methods and content being put out should be modeled on the institutional embeddedness of the first Jesuit ministries which were created post Vatican II with their emphasis on dialogue and conversation. Schools should strive to encompass what makes Jesuit education distinctive and incorporate rhetoric tradition in all historically rich aspects. True eloquence was thought to only exist when one was the perfect orator as the good person speaking well. In 1814, there was a official restoration of the society which the phrase eloquentia perfecta lived through. A type of eloquence not often talked about is the heroic. This term combines human skill and divine inspiration which has come from informed thinking, moral discernment, and civic responsibility.

Education Eloquentia Perfecta in Jesuit Colleges The core curriculum at Fordham University now incorporates four eloquentia perfecta seminars, differing from other classes in their direct focus on written and oral skills of communication. Fordham is not the only Jesuit institution to begin experimenting ways to incorporate this concept into modern academics. Clarke notes that such institutions are doing so since “every 10 years or so most institutions take a hard look at the structure and emphasis of their core curriculum to see whether adjustments or even major restructuring is in order.” Thus, eloquentia perfecta has been researched and incorporated much more recently, not that has been absent in Jesuit education completely, but the key term and attention to it has. In a sense, Jesuit institutions are beginning to explicitly teach eloquentia perfecta rather than implicitly. However, this concept will only continue to progress and change with the digital age, as students and the population as a whole have so many means of communication. It is the responsibility of the Jesuit institutions to uphold the concept and teachings of eloquentia perfecta, one that may even affirm the Jesuit identity among these institutions. Eloquentia Perfecta in Modern Times Jesuit Priests Eloquentia Perfecta and other Jesuit ideas may become more criticized as time progresses, due to the current climate surrounding Jesuit priests. Sexual abuse of children by Jesuit priests has not been a secret throughout history, but the Society of Jesus has recently come out with a list of 50 accused priests by name. This has led to termination of positions, frequent investigations, and has added a stigma surrounding the Jesuit Church. Though much of the abuse was done years ago, and some priests have passed, injustices like these can alter the way society sees the Jesuit education and religion, since its ideas have continued across time. Since the Jesuit education often refers to caring for the whole person or personal development, controversies like such can inhibit the reputation and value behind ideas such as Eloquentia Perfecta. https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1817&context=conversations People Past: Nicolas Caussin (link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Caussin) was a French Jesuit who theorized that there were three types of eloquence: human, divine, and heroic. These three distinguished types of eloquence each carry unique qualities. Caussin said that human eloquence is natural and admirable. Divine eloquence could be carried out by divine figures such as St. Paul and Isaiah. Caussin says, “In this incident appears how weak and meager is human eloquence, compared with the divine; here the theorhetor Paul demolished the machinations of that rhetorician with a crushing blow of the spirit.” Heroic eloquence is a combination of “human skill and divine inspiration” (Mailloux). Other historical figures: John Chrysostom (Mailloux). (https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1805&context=conversations) Modern people: Kenneth Burke is a philosopher who was active in the 1960s and 1970s. His “dramatism and logology” can be utilized to better understand Eloquentia Perfecta as a whole (Mailloux). Cinthia Gannett is an author and educator currently working on her second book about eloquence in Jesuit education. In 2002, she arrived to Loyola University in Maryland and initiated a new course which would “[formalize] training of undergraduate peer consultants” (Loyola).