User talk:J9999

My opinion
I do not think schools should make you take math past Algebra I hate sciene

Thoughts on Obama

Dont like him cause he is for abortion and gay rights thats 2 of the many reasons I didnt vote for him.

My Report
The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing is the largest sanctioning body of stock cars in the United States. The three largest racing series sanctioned by NASCAR are the Sprint Cup, the Nationwide Series and the Camping World Truck Series. It also oversees NASCAR Local Racing, like the Whelen Modified Tour, and the Whelen All-American Series. NASCAR sanctions over 1,500 races at over 100 tracks in 39 states, Canada, and Mexico. From 1996 to 1998, NASCAR held exhibition races in Japan and an exhibition race in Australia in 1988. With roots as regional entertainment in the Southeastern U.S., NASCAR has grown to become the second-most popular professional sport in terms of television ratings inside the U.S., ranking behind only the National Football League. Internationally, NASCAR races are broadcast in over 150 countries. It holds 17 of the top 20 attended sporting events in the U.S., and has 75 million fans that purchase over $3 billion in annual licensed product sales. These fans are considered the most brand-loyal in all of sports and as a result, Fortune 500 companies sponsor NASCAR more than any other governing body. In 2007 NASCAR made a profit of just under $3 billion, and was the second richest motorsport Formula One being the first. NASCAR's headquarters are located in Daytona Beach, Florida, although it also maintains offices in four North Carolina cities: Charlotte, Mooresville, Concord, and Conover. Regional offices are also located in New York City, Los Angeles, Bentonville, and international offices in Mexico City and Toronto. Additionally, owing to its southern roots, all but a handful of NASCAR teams are still based in North Carolina, especially near Charlotte. Early Years of Nascar Stock car racing in the United States has its origins in bootlegging during Prohibition, when drivers ran bootleg whiskey made in Appalachia region of the United States. Bootleggers needed to distribute their illegal products, and they typically used small, fast vehicles to better evade the police. Many of the drivers would modify their cars for speed and handling, as well as increased cargo capacity, and some of them came to love the fast-paced driving down twisty mountain roads. One of the main strips in Knoxville, Tennessee, had its beginning as a Mecca for aspiring bootlegging drivers. The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 dried up some of their business, but by then Southerners had developed a taste for moonshine, and a number of the drivers continued "runnin' shine," this time evading the "revenuers" who were attempting to tax their operations. The cars continued to improve, and by the late 1940s, races featuring these cars were being run for pride and profit. These races were popular entertainment in the rural Southern United States, and they are most closely associated with the Wilkes County region of North Carolina. Most races in those days were of modified cars. Street vehicles were lightened and reinforced. William (Bill) France Sr. NASCAR was founded by William France, Sr., on February 21, 1948, with the help of several other drivers of the time. The points system was written on a bar room napkin. The original plans for NASCAR included three distinct divisions: Modified, Roadster, and Strictly Stock. The Modified and Roadster classes were seen as more attractive to fans. It turned out that NASCAR fans wanted nothing to do with the Strictly Stock, which fans perceived as a Northeast or Midwest series. The Strictly Stock division was put on hold as American automobile manufacturers were unable to produce family sedans quickly enough to keep up with post-World War II demand. The 1948 schedule featured 52 Modified dirt track races. The sanctioning body hosted its first event at Daytona Beach on February 15, 1948. Red Byron beat Marshall Teague in the Modified division race. Byron won the 1948 national championship. Things had changed dramatically by 1949, and the Strictly Stock division was able to debut with a 20-mile exhibition in February near Miami. Bill France Jr. was born April 4th, 1933 is the son of NASCAR founder Bill France Sr. and he was certainly his father's son. Both men had a deep love of motorsports and the drive and determination to see their vision become a reality. After attending college and joining the Navy in the early 50's Bill was 23 years old when he went to work for his father in 1956. Bill France Jr. worked his way up in the sport that his father created. He started out working for the company that became International Speedway Corp. and then eventually into NASCAR itself. France Jr. did whatever needed to be done. He was a flagman, official, scorer, promoter and more in his NASCAR career. In 1972 Bill France Jr. ushered in the modern era of NASCAR when he took the reigns from his father. Although Winston had joined the series a year earlier as title sponsor it was after Bill France Jr. took the reigns a year later that he trimmed the schedule to a manageable 31 races and eliminated all dirt track racing. This was the beginning of the modern era of NASCAR. NASCAR had been mostly a southeastern phenomenon when Bill France Jr. took control, but Bill Jr. soon put NASCAR on the national stage. France got NASCAR on live television for the first time. He expanded the schedule to include new markets and helped the sport explode in popularity. This brought additional sponsors into the sport and NASCAR hit the big time Bill France Jr. had a heart attack in 1997 and then was diagnosed with cancer in 1999. That year Bill France Jr. passed the day-to-day operation of NASCAR to Mike Helton. However, he remained President of NASCAR for one more year. In 2000 France named Mike Helton President of NASCAR but retained his status as CEO and Chairman of the Board. Then in October of 2003 Bill France Jr. passed his remaining titles to his son Brian France who has been at the strategic helm of NASCAR ever since. Bill named himself "co-vice chairman of NASCAR" with his brother Jim and retained that title for his remaining days. Bill France Jr. passed away at home on Monday June 4th, 2007. He was 74 years old. Richard Petty is known to most as just “The King” was born July 2, 1937. Richard Petty is the most decorated driver in the history of NASCAR racing. He won record number 200 races and seven what was then Winston cup championships in his 30 years of racing. Everyone would think that The King would bow down and give up racing after his 1,184 race however; Petty had other thing in mind. Today Petty runs his four car team called “Richard Petty Motorsports”. In 1996, Petty proved that he could be a champion both as a driver and car owner when he won his first race as an owner with driver Bobby Hamilton at the Phoenix International Raceway 1997 with Hamilton, and in 1999 with driver John Andretti. The 2006 season saw Petty once again rise to the top. Racing is about winning, and "The King" has proven he knows how to do just that, but it is giving back to the community and his fans that make Petty "The King" of auto racing. Wearing his signature cowboy hat and sunglasses one can always see Petty signing an autograph or giving a helping hand. In fact, Petty was instrumental in the development of the Victory Junction Gang Camp, a camp for chronically ill children, after donating acres of his land that the camp sits on today. Ralph Dale Earnhardt, Sr. lived from April 29, 1951 to February 18, 2001. Earnhardt had four children, Kerry, Kelley Earnhardt Elledge, Dale Jr., and Taylor Earnhardt. His widow, Teresa Earnhardt (who he married in 1982) was the owner of Dale Earnhardt, Inc., the race team and merchandising corporation Earnhardt founded with her in February 1980. The team has since merged with Chip Ganassi and is now known as Earnhardt Ganassi Racing with Felix Sabates. Dale Earnhardt is known for his success in the Winston Cup Series, now known as the Sprint Cup Series. He won seventy-six races including his only Daytona 500 victory in 1998, and his seven championships are tied for most all-time with Richard Petty. His highly aggressive driving style made him a fan favorite and earned him the nickname "The Intimidator." Earnhardt died on the last lap of the 2001 Daytona 500 playing defense for his two cars whom where running 1, 2. When he died he left 50% of his company to his son Dale Jr. and the other 50% to his wife Theresa.

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Ralph Dale Earnhardt, Jr. was born October 10, 1974. He is a professional American race car driver who drives the #88 AMP Energy/National Guard Chevrolet Impala SS in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series for Hendrick Motorsports, and drives in the Nationwide Series part-time for the #5 car for his own team, JR Motorsports. He is the son of NASCAR legend Dale Earnhardt, Sr.. He is also the grandson of the late NASCAR driver Ralph Earnhardt and Robert Gee, a legend in the NASCAR shops, the half-brother of former driver Kerry Earnhardt, the uncle of driver Jeffrey Earnhardt, and the stepson of Earnhardt Ganassi Racing team owner Teresa Earnhardt. Earnhardt, Jr. was born in Kannapolis, North Carolina, the son of Brenda Lorraine (née Gee) and Ralph Dale Earnhardt, Sr. His maternal grandfather, Robert Gee, Sr., was a NASCAR car builder.[1] He began his racing career at the late age of 17, competing in the Street Stock division at Concord (N.C.) Motorsport Park. His first race car was a 1979 Monte Carlo that he co-owned with older half-brother Kerry. Within two seasons, the young Earnhardt, Jr. had honed his driving abilities to the point of joining the Late Model Stock Car division. There he developed an in-depth knowledge of chassis setup and car preparation, while racing against Kerry and Dale's sister Kelley Earnhardt-Elledge. Junior ran 9 Busch Series races between 1996 and 1997 for Dale Earnhardt Inc. and Ed Whitaker, respectively, before driving for Dale Earnhardt Inc. in the Busch Series full time in 1998, in which he started the season in an amazing blowover after contact with Dick Trickle and Buckshot Jones at Daytona. Earnhardt, Jr. won consecutive NASCAR Busch Series Championships in 1998 and 1999 barely edging Matt Kenseth. In 1998 he made his first start in the Winston Cup, at the exhibition race held in Motegi, Japan. Also in 1999 he drove in 5 Winston Cup races in the #8 Budweiser Chevrolet for Dale Earnhardt Inc., then in 2000 he went full time in the Cup series. Carl Michael Edwards, II was born August 15, 1979. He is an American NASCAR Sprint Cup Series and Nationwide Series driver for Roush Fenway Racing. In the Sprint Cup Series, Edwards drives the #99 Aflac Ford Fusion. He drives the #60 Ford Fusion in the Nationwide Series, which is sponsored by Scotts-Miracle Gro, Dish Network, Citigroup, vitamin water, Save-A-Lot Food Stores, and the World Financial Group. Edwards grew up in Columbia, Missouri, watching his father, Carl, Sr., race, and was inspired to do the same. Carl, Sr. has been racing modified stock cars and USAC midget sprint cars for over four decades, winning over 200 races. Carl, Jr.'s career began in 1993, when he raced Minicup cars all over the Midwest. His success was not far off, in 1994, he won four feature races in the MMRA National Future stars Minicup series. He added a combined total of 14 wins from the 1995 and 1996 seasons. Carl attended the University of Missouri, and was a substitute teacher when he began racing in NASCAR. Anthony Wayne Stewart was born May 20, 1971 in Columbus, Indiana. He is an American race car driver/car owner/entrepreneur, in NASCAR's Sprint Cup. During his career he has won championships in the Winston Cup, Nextel Cup and Indy Car Series. He has also won championships in USAC and the IROC series. He currently drives the #14 Office Depot/Old Spice Chevrolet Impala for his own team, Stewart Haas Racing under crew chief Darian Grubb. Stewart also drives part-time in the #80 Hendrickcars.com Chevrolet for Hendrick Motorsports in the NASCAR Nationwide Series. From 1999 until 2008, he drove the #20 Joe Gibbs Racing car, under crew chief Greg Zipadelli, with Home Depot as the primary sponsor. His ten year tenure with the same team, sponsor, and crew chief is a NASCAR record. Tony Stewart told NASCAR.com of his nickname: "I wasn't very good about not slipping the right-rear tire, initially. So it started as 'Smoker,' then it got shortened to 'Smoke.' Then when I got in the Indy Racing League it was 'Smoke' because one of the guys on the crew who was my roommate, and knew the nickname, carried it over to the IndyCar team. But then when I started blowing engines, 'Smoke' really stuck. I've had it ever since." During his NASCAR career, Tony Stewart once was told by Joe Gibbs he could no longer compete outside of his racecar. So one time Stewart entered a USAC National Midget race under the pseudonym "Smokey Jones" with the crowd at the track none the wiser. After winning the feature, "Smokey Jones" got out of his car and revealed himself to the crowd as Tony Stewart. He also entered himself in a race once racing the infamous "Munchkin" midget chassis as "Mikey Fedorchek Jr." after buying the Munchkin one night during a card game from Mikey Fedorchek.

Polar Equations
Cardioids

The word Cardioid comes from the Latin, meaning heart. It is generated by tracing a point on the circumference of a circle rolling around a stationary circle of the same size. It was studied by Ole Christensen Roemer in 1674, it was discovered during an effort to try to find the best design for gear teeth.

r = 2 + 2 cos θ                            r = 2 + 2 sin θ

The cardioid looks                  like a heart

Limacon

It was first investigated by Dürer, who gave a method for drawing it in Underweysung der Messung (1525). It was rediscovered by Étienne Pascal, father of Blaise Pascal, and named by Gilles-Personne Roberval in 1650. The word "limaçon" comes from the Latin limax, meaning "snail."

The Limacon looks like a snail.

Lemniscate

In 1694 Jacob Bernoulli published an article in Acta Eruditorumon a curve which he called by the Latin word lemniscus a pendant ribbon. Jacob Bernoulli was not aware that the curve he was describing was a special case of a Cassinian Oval which had been described by Cassini in 1680. The general properties of the lemniscate were discovered by Giovanni Fagnano in 1750. Euler's investigations of the length of arc of the curve (1751) led to later work on elliptic functions. Inverting the lemniscate in a circle centred at the origin and touching the lemniscate where it crosses the x-axis produces a rectangular hyperbola.

r² = a2 sin 2θ    				     r2 = a2 cos 2θ

The Lemniscate looks like a boat propeller. Rose curves with sine and cosine This curve was named rhodonea by the Italian mathematician Guido Grandi between 1723 and 1728 because it resembles a rose. The equation for the curve is r= a sin(nØ) or r= a cos(nØ) 																																			The rose curve looks like a rose.

Lituus												Lituus means a "crook," in the sense of a bishop's crosier. The lituus curve originated with Cotes in 1722. Maclaurin used the term lituus in his book Harmonia Mensurarum in 1722. The lituus is the locus of the point moving such that the area of a circular sector remains constant. r²Ø= a²

The Lituus curve looks like a spiral.

Spiral of Archimedes										This spiral was studied by Conon, and later by Archimedes in On Spirals about 225 BC. Archimedes was able to work out the lengths of various tangents to the spiral. r= aØ

The Archimedes spiral looks like a spiral.

Equiangular Spiral							The investigation of spirals began at least with the ancient Greeks. The famous Equiangular Spiral was discovered by Rene Descartes, its properties of self-reproduction by Jacob Bernoulli (1654-1705) who requested that the curve be engraved upon his tomb.

Polar: r == E^(θ * Cot[α]) Parametric: E^(t * Cot[α]) {Cos[t],Sin[t]} Cartesian: x^2 + y^2 == E^(ArcTan[y/x] Cot[α])

The Equiangular Spiral looks like a sea shell.

Logarithmic Spiral									The logarithmic spiral was first studied by Descartes in 1638 and Jakob Bernoulli. Bernoulli was so fascinated by the spiral that he had one engraved on his tombstone together with the words "eadem mutata resurgo" ("I shall arise the same though changed"). Torricelli worked on it independently and found the length of the curve.

The Logarithmic Spiral	looks like a Snail. Introduction								In this paper I will show you eight polar curves what they look like and what the equations are. I will also show you how the shapes are used in real life and Mrs. Jones don’t freak out I did my work. Table of Contents					1……………………………………………………Title Page		2…………………………………………..Table of Contents		3………………………………………………….Introduction		4……………………………………………………..Cardiod		5……………………………………….…………….Limacon		6…………………………………………………..Lemniscate		7…………………………………………...…….Rose Curves		8…………………………………….….Spiral of Archimedes		9…………………………………………..Equiangular Spiral		10…………………………………………Logarithmic Spiral		11……………………………………………….Conclusion		12…………………………….………………….Works Cited