User talk:Jmar5023

Welcome!
Hello, Jmar5023, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions, especially your edits to Anabolic steroid. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few links to pages you might find helpful:


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Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or, and a volunteer should respond shortly. Again, welcome! Longhair\talk 08:38, 2 June 2018 (UTC)

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia! We have compiled some guidance for new healthcare editors:
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Once again, welcome, and thank you for joining us! Please share these guidelines with other new editors.

– the WikiProject Medicine team Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 21:30, 3 June 2018 (UTC)

Text
Can you improve the references supporting the text you added? Basically please use high quality secondary sources not primary sources / primary research articles. If you are not sure the difference please ping me. Best Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 21:35, 3 June 2018 (UTC)

Fertility
Infertility is the “failure to achieve a successful pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse”. Inability of the male to cause pregnancy accounts for 50% of infertile couples. Between 6-11.3% of males report fertility problems during AAS consumption.

AAS discontinuation can restore fertility in male users due to the endocrine nature of AAS-induced male infertility.

Semen
AAS consumption has harmful effects on the characteristics of semen, including sperm count, quality, motility and morphology. AAS use reduces the total number of sperm in males which presents as oligospermia (low sperm concentrations in the semen) or azoospermia (absence of sperm in the semen). Sperm quality is decreased from AAS demonstrated through testicular histopathological evaluation. Sperm motility affects fertilisation and is the ability of the sperm to travel through the female reproductive system to reach the female ovum (egg) for fertilisation. Sperm motility is significantly reduced from AAS consumption Adult male bodybuilders taking AAS suffer severe impairments to the percentage of mature sperm, or spermatozoa, with regular sperm morphology.

Holma (1977) assessed sperm count, quality, motility and morphology together in one experiment to generate a fertility index score. A lower score indicates healthier and more functional sperm. The fertility index score deteriorated from 1.7 pre-AAS use to 14.7 post-AAS use, indicating “severely pathological” reproductive health.

AAS-induced impairments to semen are not permanent. Within 4-12 months of AAS discontinuation, sperm quality recovers to normal levels in greater than 50% of males. Sperm count returns to normal baseline levels within 4-6 months of AAS discontinuation, but not after six weeks.

Testis
The Leydig cells in the testis produce testosterone in the presence of LH in adult males through steroidogenesis. AAS consumption reduces the size of the testis leading to testicular atrophy, assessed using medical history and/or physical examination. AAS-induced testicular atrophy decreases the rate of steroidogenesis and the amount of testosterone production in testicular tissue. The reduction in serum testosterone levels from pre- to post-AAS consumption persists after four months of AAS withdrawal. The Leydig cell count of mature stallions increased in number after discontinuing AAS use, but the total Leydig cell count remained below pre-AAS baselines after several months. Testicular size normalises and returns to pre-AAS baseline after four months of AAS withdrawal. Testicular morphological residual abnormalities can persist for up to six months post-AAS consumption in healthy males.

Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone often taken in conjunction with AAS to maintain testosterone at normal levels during, and following, a cycle of AAS use. hCG has a similar chemical structure to LH and triggers the Leydig cells to produce testosterone analogous to LH. The consumption of hCG post-AAS consumption increases sperm count to normal levels in males with low levels of testosterone. Despite hCG use in conjuction with AAS, abnormal and hypokinetic spermatozoa remain after an AAS cycle, representing persistent alterations in sperm morphology and motility following discontinuation of AAS.

Diagnosis of AAS-induced male infertility
El Osta et al. (2016) outlined a blueprint for medical evaluation of an AAS user reporting fertility complications. The researchers recommend including a range of diagnostic tests, including a physical examination of the testis, seminal analysis, genetic analysis and a comparison of hormone profiles, such as testosterone, LH and FSH levels.

Student?
Are you perhaps in a student in a class? Jytdog (talk) 02:00, 4 June 2018 (UTC)

June 2018
Hello, I'm Jim1138. I noticed that in this edit to Anabolic steroid, you removed content without adequately explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to Wikipedia with an edit summary. If this was a mistake, don't worry, the removed content has been restored. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Jim1138 (talk) 09:23, 7 June 2018 (UTC)