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Maryse Condé (née Boucolon; February 11, 1937) is a French (Guadeloupean) novelist, critic, and playwright best known for her novel Segu (1984–85). In addition, she is a scholar of Francophone literature and Professor Emerita of French at Columbia University.

Her novels, written in French, have been translated into English, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese. She has won Grand prix littéraire de la Femme (1986), Prix de L’Académie francaise (1988), the Prix Carbet de la Carraibe (1997)and the New Academy Prize in Literature (2018) for her works.

Contents

1 Early Life

2 Life

3Literary significance

4Honours

5Selected bibliography

6References

7External links

Early Life Born as Maryse Boucolon at Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, she was the youngest of eight children. In an interview entitled "I have made peace with my Island" Maryse's Condé recounts aspects of her early life. Condé describes her parents as among the first black instructors in Guadeloupe. Condé's mother, Jeanne Quidal directed her own school for girls. Condé's father, Auguste Boucolon previously an educator, founded the small bank "Le Caisse Coopérative des prêts" which was later renamed as "La Banque Antillaise."

Conde's father, Auguste Boucolon had two sons from his first marriage, Serge and Albert. Conde's three sisters are named Ena, Jeanne and Gillette. Her four brothers are named Auguste, Jean, René, and Guy. Conde's birth eleven years after Guy, made her the youngest of the eight children. Conde was born while her mother was forty-three, and her father was sixty-three. Conde's describes herself as "the spoiled child" which she attributes to her parents older age, and the age-gap between her and her siblings.

Conde's began writing at an early age. Before the age of twelve she had written a one-act, one person play. The play was written as a gift for her mother Jeanne Quidal's birthday.

After having graduated from high school, she attended Lycée Fénelon from 1953-1955. Condé was expelled after 2 years of attendance. Condé instead furthered her studies at Sorbonne in Paris, where she majored in English. During her attendance, she along with other West Indians, established the Luis-Carlos Prestes club.

Life

In 1959, Condé attended a rehearsal of Les Nègres/The Blacks by Jean Genêt where she would meet the Guinean actor Mamadou Condé. To her parents dismay, she married Condé in August of 1959. By November of 1959 the couples relationship became estanged, and Condé moved to the Ivory Coast to teach in Bingerville for a year.

During Condé's returns for the holidays she became politically conscious through a group of Marxist friends. Condé's marxist friends would influence her to move to Ghana.

Between the years 1960-1969 she taught in Guinea, Ghana (from where she was deported in the 1960s because of politics), and Senegal.

In 1970 she returned to Paris and taught Francophone literature at Paris VII (Jussieu), X (Nanterre), and Ill (Sorbonne Nouvelle). In 1975, she completed her M.A. and Ph.D. at the Sorbonne in Paris in comparative literature, examining black stereotypes in Caribbean literature.

She did not publish her first novel until she was nearly 40 because "[she] didn’t have confidence in [herself] and did not dare present [her] writing to the outside world."

In 1981, she and Condé divorced, having long been separated. The following year she married Richard Philcox, the English-language translator of most of her novels.

In 1985 Condé was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to teach in the US. She became a professor of French and Francophone literature at Columbia University in New York City. In 1993, Condé was the writer in residence for the fourteenth Puterbaugh Conference on World Literature at the University of Oklahoma. In addition to her creative writing, Condé has had a distinguished academic career. In 2004 she retired from Columbia University as Professor Emerita of French. She has also taught at the University of California, Berkeley; UCLA, the Sorbonne, The University of Virginia, and the University of Nanterre. She and her husband split their time between New York City and Guadeloupe.

Literary significance[edit] Condé's novels explore racial, gender and cultural issues in a variety of historical eras and locales, including the Salem witch trials in I, Tituba: Black Witch of Salem (1986); the 19th-century Bambara Empire of Mali in Segu (1980); and the 20th-century building of the Panama Canal and its influence on increasing the West Indian middle class in The Tree of Life (1992). Her novels trace the relationships between African peoples and the diaspora, especially the Caribbean.

Her first novel, Heremakhonon, was so incredibly controversial that it was pulled from the shelves after six months. While the story closely parallels Condé's own life during her first stay in Guinea, and is written as a first-person narrative, she stresses that it is not an autobiography. The book is the story, as she described it, of an "'anti-moi', an ambiguous persona whose search for identity and origins is characterized by a rebellious form of sexual libertinage".

She has kept considerable distance from most Caribbean literary movements, such as Negritude and Creolité, and has often focused on topics with strong feminist and political concerns. A radical activist in her work as well as in her personal life, Condé has admitted: "I could not write anything... unless it has a certain political significance. I have nothing else to offer that remains important."

Condé's later writings have become increasingly autobiographical, such as 2001's Tales From the Heart: True Stories From My Childhood and 2006's Victoire, a biography of her maternal grandmother in which she explores themes of motherhood, femininity, race relations, and the family dynamic in the postcolonial Caribbean. 2004's Who Slashed Celanire's Throat shows traces of Condé's paternal great-grandmother.

However, her novel Windward Heights (2008) is a reworking of Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights, which she had first read at the age of 14. She had long wanted to create a work around it, as an act of "homage." Her novel is set in Guadeloupe, and race and culture are featured as issues that divide people. Reflecting on how she drew from her Caribbean background in writing this book, she said:

"To be part of so many worlds—part of the African world because of the African slaves, part of the European world because of the European education—is a kind of double entendre. You can use that in your own way and give sentences another meaning. I was so pleased when I was doing that work, because it was a game, a kind of perverse but joyful game."

Among her plays are: An tan revolisyon, published in 1991, first performed in Guadeloupe in 1989; Comedie d'Amour, first performed in Guadeloupe in 1993; Dieu nous l'a donné, published in 1972, first performed in Paris in 1973; La mort d'Oluwemi d'Ajumako, published in 1973, first performed in 1974 in Gabon; Le morne de Massabielle, first version staged in 1974 in Puteaux (France), later staged in English in New York as The Hills of Massabielle (1991); Pension les Alizes, published in 1988, first staged in Guadeloupe and subsequently staged in New York as Tropical Breeze Hotel (1995); Les sept voyages de Ti Noel (written in collaboration with José Jernidier), first performed in Guadeloupe in 1987.

Maryse Condé's literary archive (Maryse Condé Papers) are held at Columbia University Libraries.

Honours[edit] She has won Le Grand Prix Litteraire de la Femme (1986), Le Prix de L’Académie Francaise (1988), and Le Prix Carbet de la Caraibe (1997) for her works. Condé has also recieved both the Marguerite Yourcenar Prize and the Lifetime Achievement Award from New York Universitiy's Africana studies program.

In 2001, she was named a Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government. In 2018, Condé became the first recipient of the New Academy Prize in Literature.

Selected bibliography[edit] Heremakhonon (1976)

Desirada (1979)

Crossing the Mangrove (1985)

I, Tituba: Black Witch of Salem (1986)

Segu (1987)

A Season in Rihata (1988)

The Children of Segu (1989)

An Tan Revolysion (play, 1989)

Tree of Life (1992)

The Last of the African Kings (1994)

Windward Heights (1995)

Le coeur à rire et à pleurer - Souvenirs de mon enfance (1999)

Who Slashed Celanire's Throat?: A Fantastical Tale (2004)

The Story of the Cannibal Woman: A Novel (2007)

Like Two Brothers (play, 2007)

Victoire: My Mother's Mother (2006)

References[edit] ^ "Maryse CONDE", Aflit, University of Western Australia/French.

^ [1], JSTOR

^ Condé, Maryse, and Richard Philcox. Tales from the Heart: True Stories from My Childhood. New York: Soho, 2001.

^ Moudileno, Lydie. "Maryse Conde." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.

^ Jump up to:a b c

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Rebecca Wolff, Interview: "Maryse Condé"Archived November 1, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bomb Magazine, Vol. 68, Summer 1999, accessed 27 April 2016.

^ Jump up to:a b

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^ Lewis, B., & Condé, M. (1995). No Silence: An Interview with Maryse Condé. Callaloo, 18(3), 543-550. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3299141

^ Jump up to:a b c Author Profile: Maryse Condé. (2004). World Literature Today,78(3/4), 27-27. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40158493

^

^ Jump up to:a b Lionnet, F. (1989). Happiness Deferred: Maryse Condé’s Heremakhonon and the Failure of Enunciation. In Autobiographical Voices: Race, Gender, Self-Portraiture (pp. 167-190). Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt207g5zp.12

^ Alvina Ruprecht, "An Interview with Maryse Condé"(abstract), International Journal of Francophone Studies, Vol. 2, Issue 1 (January 1999).

^

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External links[edit] French Guadeloupe writer Maryse Condé reading from her work in the Recording Laboratory, Sept. 24, 1999 (Library of Congress)

Works by Maryse Condé at Open Library

Works by or about Maryse Condé in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Mekkawi, Mohamed. Maryse Condé: Novelist, Playwright, Critic, Teacher: An Introductory Biobibliography. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Libraries, 1990.

Petri Liukkonen. "Maryse Condé". Books and Writers

Artist Page from the University of Minnesota

Présentation du Fonds Maryse Condé de la Médiathèque Caraïbe (laméca), ouvrages issus de la bibliothèque privée de Maryse Condé

webGuinée - Maryse Condé

Maryse Condé recorded for the Archive of Literature from the Hispanic Division at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.D., on September 24, 1999.