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Caste in Contemporary Village: The Experience of Thurkalapally Village in Nagar Kurnool, Telangana?

Introduction: thurkalapally is one of the villages in Nagar Kurnool district, Telangana. Its very near to Nalla Malla forest, very lowest population and lowest in agriculture production, and economically back worded in the mandal of vangoor, sub-villages, socio-economic development, PoliticalAdministration/system and discrimination, and the lower caste who are facing problems in the village,  sources of income. We are going to discuss this problem in case situations.

History why the name came called thurkalapally why because during the nijam rule period there are people a lot Muslims (thurkas) that the village name called thurkalapally. in the history of Telangana, no one doesn’t know the fact this very the rulers they named doralu (Reddy's) who are in upper hand dominating rest of the castes. Still, We can see in this areas, so people cultivating like tenets because of lands are occupied by reddy ’s in this village till the old system is existing in this particular society.

Population in the Village thurkalapally is a medium-sized village located in Vangoor Mandal of Mahbubnagar district, Andhra Pradesh with total 177 families residing. The thurkalapally village has a population of 802 of which 409 are males while 393 are females as per Population Census 2011. In thurkalapally village population of children under age 0-6 is 91 which makes up 11.35 % of total population of the village. Average Sex Ratio of thurkalapally village is 961 which is lower than Andhra Pradesh state average of 993. Child Sex Ratio for the thurkalapally as per census is 936, lower than Andhra Pradesh average of 939. thurkalapally village has lower literacy rate compared to Andhra Pradesh. In 2011, the literacy rate of thurkalapally village was 54.99 % compared to 67.02 % of Andhra Pradesh. In thurkalapally Male literacy stands at 67.13 % while female literacy rate was 42.41 %. As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, thurkalapally village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of the village.

Caste composition the village have different types of castes like SC (madhiga, mala, budaga jangala), BC(goods, chakali, mangali, kummari, vadrangi ) OC (reddy’s, doras), ST( lambada, erukala) minority (thuraka) this is the caste people are living in this area, and here lot of caste discrimination in this area untouchable by birth they get feeling who are in upper hand like in political way system. Most dominated castes are BC’s and OC’s this is the people in the village leader’s are connected with every position even if I want complaint they will say he is Dora you have to follow rest of the castes are subordinate to the people. who are ST's are depend more on liqueur production, they follow tradition, their very different from the normal people and they live in the forest and they have language is lambada but they don't have script and yerukala they depend on agriculture and herder (pigs form)this people language is Dravidian but they speak Telugu. What I mentioned budaga jangala their language Telugu only but their personal language and they are considered by SC's also their still no one doesn't know they leave near the village. Now we are discussing Dalits they are living the same village but they have a colony which is called arujanavada and this depends on seasonal works and their language Telugu. BC's are different groups are chakali, gouds; chakali people are works like village people cloth washing work and there are some people who depend on agricultural production. Gouds are more people in the village these are called (kallugeetha karmikulu). OC's are who are the rich in the village they are given lands tenets who are people back worded in the village, they develop from their land rent and all.

Economy (Main occupation) the village mostly depends on agriculture main crops are cotton, rice, corn,jowar,wheet this is the main production to the village and they get seasonal employment and people who have land they have good production, most of the people who are back worded caste SC's and ST's are depend seasonal employment works depend on forest their work, and this who are back worded classes they didn't study they works but they don't know how much they have to take money these people have potential and everything because old generations are depending on agriculture they also depending and now new generations are studying from the 1994 they are getting some idea on education now they are still its developing.

The Status of the Lower Caste People in the Village the lower castes like SC's and ST's this are more backward castes the way developing there are people who are dominating people OC's and BC's are more dominating to lower castes which I mentioned, and they are dominating politically and culturally and socially discriminating to lower castes peoples how it will be they won't look like they put issues with in the caste thats makes the fighting between the two castes so that the way they are going still it was continuing in this village, these people like very good in everything but they don't have proper lands till now the problem came dorala and jamindary system who cultivating people they don't have registration on their lands because all lands are named by one dora (reddy's) so they are migrated from the village to urban Hyderabad so people can't do anything they are not signing the documents because they are demanding money for land oner's this prisons can't effort that much money still people are facing the problem and they don't have proper education facility ofter completing 7th class they have to travel another village  for there studies there is caste discrimination they depending on god when the rains come at that time they produce crops. The political administration is like if there someone from the lower caste they dominate they don't want people to lower caste if they are in politically good everything will change the power goes to them they convince lower caste people and they win this is the way political administration works they don't care village problems .they don't proper employment opportunities and they depend on others. The people depend on others every time, there are people who don't have land they are tenets they depend on who gives money for borrow there will be high-interest people if crop, not people losses. This is the situation in every village they don't innovate anything and if somebody for the goodness of village they kept some cause they send some another place, this is the circumstances of the people.

Major Source of Income Rice is the major food crop and staple food of the state. Other important crops are mango, cotton, and corn, wheat. Agriculture has been the chief source of income for the village's income. They have some natural resource one tank (cheruvu) when its full who have near the tank lands get benefits. SC's and ST's they work like has Daily labour they use to go town some work daily benefits they get the money. The people who are daily labours are depending on cutting trees and selling. Some of the people are cow, goat, sheep, oxen breeding they earn money from this also and some of the peoples depend on paid work and own form this are major sources of income.

Division of labour in the village: all house holds produce for the market; pigs, peanuts, soy beans. Women bought cotton and spun for themselves, but hired dyers and weavers. Specialists made and repaired tools. Other specialists: soy oil pressers, carpenters, masons, school teachers and public officials

Education of the People in general and lower caste in particular there is UPS school in thurkalapally 1st class to 7th class, each caste children's comes to the same school but there is difference between the castes of children's so if some teacher come from lower caste she sees everybody same but who are comes upper caste they discriminate the students as I have seen in my childhood his name is mallipaul reddy he discriminate who are SC's and ST's this the situation and who are from general category they treat different way at that we didn't know the rules and regulations after completion of 7th class we have to go another school which is located in charakonda there is 1st to10th after finishing 10th we have to inter education we can't effort money who are from scheduled castes and scheduled tribes they are a lot of dropouts are there in education.

Political Administration/system village political administration there will be grama panchayat sarpanch and grama panchayat ward members, and again, vice president (upa sarpanch) at the gram panchayat level, president (sarpanch) and vice president at Mandal Parishad level and chairman at Zilla Parishad level are indirectly elected reservation from the people changing the caste every five years. Their works in the village they have to develop and in socio-economically they are doing what fund coming from panchayat they are spending 10% on fund rest they are taking so in the village of thurkalapally lot happened this time one Dalit elected in village president so who are before ruled they are like opposite of him they are doing caste discrimination and insults and they try to remove him but they can’t, if sarpanch walking in public they talk something about that way BC’s are dominating the lower caste people.

Examples of Caste Discrimination there are some examples about caste discrimination fast I have experienced in my forth class, one day I went to my friend home so I went for giving his notes, suddenly his mom came she said stop there then she ask me why did you come, I came for giving notes back to your son so, then he came took the he didn’t talk anything he went away from me she is saying don’t talk to him and don’t give notes and stay with somebody who belongs from our caste he ask why then she said he is from SC (madhiga) that’s why. One day I went for swimming in baavi so everybody was there suddenly one political leader came and said why you guys allowed SC (madhiga) the owner is salient he came to that baavi he warned to us don’t come hear this only for BC’s I experienced like this way. now days there caste discrimination low because even SC’s also studying in everywhere we can see society developed.

Conclusion so its basically caste related village thurkalapally, I took and I put more points in this I explained about population in the village and economy of the village, what are the problems of village and lower caste people, political administration in the village and caste more I explained about Caste in Contemporary Village: The Experience of Thurkalapally Village in Nagar Kurnool, Telangana.

References: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/4577-vangoor-mahbubnagar-andhra-pradesh.html http://www.iari.res.in/files/Divisions/Rural%20Labour%20Markets%20Insights%20from%20Indian%20Villages.pdf from the surpanch and village revenue officer