User talk:Kat kristine

menstrual cycle
The reproductive cycle in the female primates ( e.g. monkeys, apes and human beings) is called menstrual cycle. The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called MENARCHE. In human females, menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28/29 days, and the cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called MENSTRUAL CYCLE. One ovum is released (ovulation) during the middle of each menstrual cycle. The cycle starts with the menstrual phase, when menstrual flows occurs and it lasts for 3-5 days. The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels which forms liquid that comes out through vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised. Lack of menstruation may be indicative of pregnancy. However, it may also be caused due to some other underlying causes like stress, poor health etc. The menstrual phase is followed by the follicular phase. During this phase, the primary follicles in the ovary grow to become a fully mature Graffian follicle and simultaneously the endometrium of uterus regenerates through proliferation. These changes in the ovary and the uterus are induced by changes in the levels of pituitary hormones. The secretion of gonadotropins(LH and FSH) increases gradually during the follicular phase, and stimulates follicular development as well as secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles. Both LH and FSH attain a peak level in the middle of cycle (about 14th day). Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during the mid-cycle called LH surge induces rupture of Graffian follicle and thereby the release of ovum( ovulation). The ovulation ( ovulatory phase) is followed by the luteal phase during which the remaining parts of the Graffian follicle transform as the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes large amount of progesterone which is essential for maintaince of the endometrium. Such an endometrium is necessary for implantation of the fertilised ovum and other events of pregnancy. During pregnancy all events of the menstrual cycle stop and there is no menstruation. In the absence of the fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates. This cause disintegration of the endometrium leading to menstruation, marking a new cycle. In human beings, menstrual cycle ceases around 50 years of age; that is termed as MENOPAUSE. Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of normal reproductive phase and extends between menarche and menopause. Kat kristine (talk) 05:05, 28 February 2022 (UTC)

Menstrual Hygiene
Maintenance of hygiene and sanitation during menstruation is very important. Take bath and clean yourself regularly. Use sanitary napkins or clean homemade pads. change sanitary napkins or homemade pads after every 4-5 hrs as per the requirement. Dispose of the used sanitary napkins properly wrapping it with a used paper. Do not throw the used napkins in the drainpipe of the toilets or in the open area. After handling the napkins wash hands with soap. Kat kristine (talk) 05:17, 28 February 2022 (UTC)

PARTURATION AND LACTATION
The average duration of human pregnancy is about 9 months which is called the gestation period. Vigorous contraction of the uterus at the end of pregnancy causes expulsion/ delivery of the foetus. This process of delivery of the foetus ( childbirth) is called parturition. parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism. The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed foetus and the placenta which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal ejection reflex. This triggers release of oxytocin from maternal pituitary. Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contractions, which in turn stimulates further secretion of oxytocin. The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion continues resulting in stronger and stronger contractions. This leads to the expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the birth canal - parturition. Soon after the infant is delivered, the placenta is also expelled out of the uterus. What do you think the doctors inject to induce delivery? The mammary glands of the female undergo differentiation during pregnancy and start producing milk towards the end of pregnancy by the process called lactation. This helps the mother in feeding the new born. The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called colostrum which contains several antibodies absolutely essential to develop resistance for the new born babies. Breast feeding during the initial period of infant growth is recommended by doctors for bringing up a healthy baby. Kat kristine (talk) 08:52, 28 February 2022 (UTC)