User talk:Katia.Henrys/sandbox

Women have been involved in social movements in Haiti since the battle for independence even if History does not recall their names.

A formal women's movement emerged in Haiti in the 1930s during an economic crisis which is thought to have forced some middle-class Haitian women to work outside the home for the first time unlike peasant women who had always done so.[4] This was also a time at which more elite women began to pursue post-secondary education and when L'Université D'Etat d'Haiti opened its doors to women.[4] The first Haitian woman to receive a secondary education graduated during this period in 1933.[4]

One of the first established feminist organizations in Haiti was called the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (Feminine League for Social Action) and was created in 1934.[10] La Ligue Féminine d’Action Sociale emerged during the United_States_occupation_of_Haiti Its mostly elite initial members included: Madeleine Sylvain, Alice Garoute, Fernande Bellegarde, Thérèse Hudicourt, Alice Mathon, Marie-Thérèse Colimon, Marie-Thérèse Poitevien.[11] The Ligue was banned by the government two months after its founding.[11]The league was reestablished when it agreed to study its goals instead of immediately implementing them.[11] The league is credited for the granting of voting rights for women in 1957.[11]

In 1950, writer and feminist Paulette Poujol-Oriol joined the league. She later served as President of the League from 1997 until her death on March 11, 2011. She was also a founding member of L'Alliance des Femmes Haitiennes, an umbrella organization for more than 50 women's groups.[12]Some women were appointed to government leadership positions under François Duvalier: Rosalie Adolphe (aka Madame Max Adolphe) was appointed head of the secret police (Volontaires de La Sécurité Nationale or VSN) while Lydia O. Jeanty was named Under-Secretary of Labor in 1957 and Lucienne Heurtelou, the widow of former President Dumarsais Estimé, was Haiti's first female ambassador.[citation needed] Marie-Denise Duvalier nearly succeeded her father in 1971.[4] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Katia.Henrys (talk • contribs) 05:34, 25 December 2018 (UTC)

After 1986, women’s organizations multiplied in the countries as women wanted to organized and use their newly acquired right to gather into associations, something that was forbidden during the Duvaliers’ era. On April 3, 1986 women marched in different cities of Haiti to express their wiliness to be part of the new democratic movement that was developing. The first democratic elections took place in 1990 and Jean Bertrand Aristide is elected. In September 1991 there is a Coup d’état against president Aristide and from 1991 to 1994 rape is used as political weapon against women. In 1993 during the repression the first conference on violence against gender takes place. It’s organized by several women’s organizations. Aristide is brought back to power in September 1994. Many women’s organizations were advocating for a Ministry of Women’s affairs. In November 1994 the Ministry of Status and Rights of Women is created and Lise-Marie Déjean becomes the Minister. In 1996 Haiti signs the INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION, PUNISHMENT AND ERADICATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN "CONVENTION OF BELEM DO PARA". In the constitution of 1987, it says that each time Haiti ratifies an international convention this convention becomes instantly part of the national body of laws and eliminates any laws that are in contradiction with it. This convention was useful to put pressure to change discriminatory laws related to rape, adultery and filiation. Women’s organizations created coalitions to strengthen their work in the beginning of the 2000s: Coordination Nationale de Plaidoyer pour la défense des droits des femmes -CONAP- (National Coordinating Committee for the Advocacy of Women’s Rights) and the Concertation Nationale contre les Violences faites aux Femmes (National consultative platform on violence against women).

On January 12, 2010 Haiti is hit by a major earthquake 2010_Haiti_earthquake. The feminist movement was very impacted by this disaster and several leaders and thinkers were killed including Mirna Narcisse Theodore, Myriam_Merlet, Magalie_Marcelin, Anne_Marie_Coriolan and Mireille Neptune Anglade. It’s estimated that 1,5 millions of people are displaced. The images and discourses on Haiti presented in international media are dehumanizing and victimizing and they lack historic context. The work done before by the feminist movement is ignored by the humanitarians. It’s reported an increasing numbers of rape cases in the camps. While rape cases often increase in period of instability, the international media's focus on this affected negatively the work done to tackle structural causes of violence against women. JeKale 09:52, 25 December 2018 (UTC)