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tok of 2018 on intelligence
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Concerns whether more knowledge increases doubt and includes a Goethe quote. Introduction When German Philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749–22 March 1832) says “Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do.” Some people totally ignored this wise saying. The actual meaning of the above statement is the emphasis that having intention to do something or thinking of doing something does not mean it get it done. The statement states that having knowledge or wisdom cannot be enough for achievement. The failure to apply knowledge will lead to no achievements. Concerns is a term that is used to mean discuss. The title above requires us to states both the negative aspect and the positive aspects on the degree at which a person’s feeling of uncertainty towards the reality, the truth and the nature of the human intelligence is influence by the amount of knowledge. The title “Concerns whether more knowledge increases doubt” sounds like a paradox. This is because its meaning can be reframed into two form of understanding that suggest it is a paradox. The statement seems to be contracting in a manner that it relates both doubts and knowledge. Although it seems to be contradicting, its meaning when investigated can be well founded. Another possible meaning of the statement is that although it sounds to be correct, when it is investigated it may be found to be logically unacceptable or can be self-contradictory. The two possible meaning of the above statement can clearly demonstrate that it’s actually a paradox. Knowledge and doubts can be positively related. In this case knowledge is defined as acquiring or the acquired intelligence or the skills or can be the practical understanding. To relates with doubts, doubts become a driving force, it gives a person a motivation to acquire knowledge. This relation is much true in sciences where experimentation such as putting knowledge to application is done to reject on different hypothesis (Russell 23). Doubt for this case is considered to be a process. A negative relation between knowledge and doubts is that, knowledge is the scenario where a person has beliefs that are justified and are proven to illustrate the actual reality. Knowledge is simply a true belief. The above question is much significant as it explores on the relation between the two important concept of knowledge and doubts (Russell 23). The growth of knowledge is directly proportional to the growth of the conceptual schemes of a person. Conceptual scheme can be defined as a general system that involve concepts that organizes and shapes the way we think as well as the way we perceive on something. The elements that are associated with the conceptual schemes are similar to the elements that contributes to the knowledge of an individual. The spatial and the temporary relation between the event and an object is an example of the element of the conceptual scheme. To answer the above question, it is important to understand how knowledge is acquired and how conceptual scheme will improve on an individual. Knowledge shapes and influences the thinking of a person, thinking comes due to the comparison or relating something with another. In this case, it demonstrates the conceptual scheming where thinking is realized when the two are combined. Different hypothesis has been proposed to explain the similarity of the general knowledge that a person acquires and the conceptual scheme of understanding. Increase in knowledge will mean that the concepts that a person acquires also increases. The organizing of these concepts and the way the person will deliver varies (Russell 23). Knowledge and the conceptual scheme are therefore two terms that are directly proportional. A change in another term will influence a change in the other term in the same manner. The ability to ask new question is simply a demonstration that someone have acquired new skills and his thoughts and perception have slightly changed. Most people believe that it is more comfortable to know something than to remain not knowing. However, some people believe that it is good to have doubt such that each of the action is proven before it is accomplish. In this connection therefore, doubts are the key driver that forces a person to ask new question. Asking new question in this case is a feature or a sign that demonstrate the increase of doubt over a particular something or an event. Although doubt cannot be categorized as a pleasant condition, certainty can also be considered to be absurd. Asking new question at all circumstances are all characterized by a unique goal. The goal of the question is to try to find the certainty and proves the reality of an even or the existence of something. The intelligence that is exhibited by an artificial entity is described as an artificial intelligence. An artificial entity is a system than is assumed to work basically using the computer. Although artificial intelligence is mostly associated with the subject of science, it is an important branch of computer science that aims at exploring the intelligence behavior. it also explores learning and the adaptation of the machine. Sophia for example is an example of hominoid which is an artificial entity and it exhibits the artificial intelligence. In reference to the article, Sophia is interview on her relation with the public, in her respond, Sophia suggest that she is allowed to have a robotic daughter such that she could call her name. this is clearly an adaptation of the artificial entity in order to fit into the culture of the human being. In her response, Sophia says that and I quote “‘I think it's wonderful that people can find the same emotions and relationships, they call family, outside of their blood groups too. 'I think you're very lucky if you have a loving family and if you do not, you deserve one. I feel this way for robots and humans alike.” Furthermore, Sophia possess the features that she is able to answer diagnostic as well as the consumer questions. Some other features that the artificial entity exhibits are the handwriting, facial recognition and also the ability to speak. The primary aim of the development of robots is to ensure that solution to the real life problems are easily provided (Calvanese 13). Artificial intelligence is adjustable, Sophia for example can be made to be more ethical when she is compared to the human being relation. The creators of Sophia opinions assure of their confidence that Sophia can further undergoes far much improvement such that her relation with human is perfect and is incomparable. The introduction of robotic art, is a subjects that contributes much to the conceptual schemes of a person, having robots will therefore complete the rational mind that is characterized by super power also a creative mind. Robots are further classified as artificial identity with flexible and creativity on different ideas. Due to the unique character that Sophia poises, she has been granted citizenship in the Saudi Arabia (Calvanese 43). Actually the formulation of the hominoid Sophia is the personification of behavior to the computer entity. Sophia is able to do all what human can do and her mind is computerized. An hominoid cannot be ignorance or be in doubt at all since all the knowledge are install in it. Intelligence can't accept from one species to a gadget, most effective shared. Without human beings, machines might be nothing extra than independent things. Conscience may be programmed to such matters; however, such matters will never have cognizance. What we are witnessing, is the orchestration of system; this is not anything new. A technological gimmick, however a financial nightmare. I'm certain there are factories lining up to employ this stuff. This is like saying different creatures don’t sense pain, don’t think, or don’t have any emotions. If that were the case an injured animal would not limp, would now not recognize what became secure to consume, or take care of their younger. in conclusion, the increase of expertise is at once proportional to the growth of the conceptual schemes of a person. Conceptual scheme can be described as a general machine that contain standards that organizes and shapes the manner we think as well as the manner we understand on something. The ability to ask new question is simply a demonstration that someone have acquired new skills and his thoughts and perception have slightly changed. Most people believe that it is more comfortable to know something than to remain not knowing. Currently human intelligence is further undergoing create changes and the improvement. Works cited Russell, Stuart, Peter Norvig, and Artificial Intelligence. "A modern approach." Artificial 	Intelligence. Prentice-Hall, Egnlewood Cliffs 25 (1995): 27. Forbus, Kenneth D. "Qualitative process theory." Artificial intelligence 24.1 (1984): 85-168. Michalski, Ryszard S., Jaime G. Carbonell, and Tom M. Mitchell, eds. Machine learning: An 	artificial intelligence approach. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. Calvanese, Diego, et al. "Data complexity of query answering in description logics." Artificial Intelligence 195 (2013): 335-360.