User talk:Krisgabwoosh/2021 Regional Elections

The governor of La Paz Department is the head of state and head of government of La Paz. Since its formation in 2010, three men have served as governor of La Paz. The governor's term is five years in length; until 2017, this was subject to a two-term limit, and until 2019, incumbents were required to resign six months in advance if they wished to seek consecutive reelection. The governor's powers are enumerated in the Constitution of Bolivia?. Among the powers appropriated to the governor in the Constitution are the ability to things. The governor serves as commander-in-chief? and is empowered to enforce all laws of the department. The officeholder is given broad statutory authority to make appointments to the various cabinets of the executive branch and to appoint sub-governors for all twenty provinces.

The office of governor was preceded by that of prefect. Historically, the prefect of La Paz was an appointive position, serving at the discretion of the president. Prefects were made subject to universal suffrage only in 2005, with José Luis Paredes being the first and only elected prefect. César Cocarico took office as the first governor of La Paz on 30 May 2010. Since then, the La Paz governorship has been distinguished as one of the few high-level elective positions in which all elected authorities have been of indigenous origin.

List of governors
The 2021 Bolivian municipal elections were held on Sunday, 7 March 2021, involving separate contests for mayors and municipal council seats in all 336 municipalities of Bolivia. A total of 121 political organizations, between parties, alliances, and civic groups, ran candidates in these elections, with the ruling Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) being the only party to present candidacies in all 336 municipalities. The MAS saw mixed results this cycle, winning 240 mayoralties and attaining 33.14 percent, an increase of thirteen seats despite a five-point loss in overall support. Of the nine departmental capital cities plus El Alto, the ruling party won just two, Oruro and Sucre, both with pluralities in the thirty percent range.

Background and electoral system
The Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) issued the call for subnational elections on 10 November 2020, scheduling them to be held on 7 March 2021. Individuals aged eighteen by the election date or who had recently changed residency could register to vote between 3 and 17 December. 28 December was set as the deadline for political organizations to register their candidacies. For all 336 autonomous municipal governments, the electoral system has been in continuous use since 2010, involving separate contests for mayor as the executive authority and all seats in the legislative body, known as the municipal council. All mayoralties are elected by simple majority in a first-past-the-post system. Seats on the municipal council are elected on a separate electoral list, allocated proportionally using the D'Hondt method. As one of the eighteen municipalities with more than 75,000 inhabitants, La Paz counts eleven seats on its municipal council.

https://transparenciaelectoral.org/caoeste/bolivia-elecciones-subnacionales-2121-el-cierre-de-un-ciclo-electoral-accidentado-y-maratonico/

Civic Community - Autonomis: 394,191 votes, 6.92% CID: 34,630 votes, 0.21% United for Tarija: 116,885 votes, 2.05%

214 municipalities with less than 15,000 inhabitants have 5 councillors (1070)

97 municipalities with between 15,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, 7 councillors (679)

7 municipalities with between 50,000 and 75,000 inhabitants, 9 councillors (63)

18 municipalities with more than 75,000 inhabitants, 11 councillors (88)1900 councillors?

Results

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Cochabamba
Nine political parties presented candidates for Mayor of Cochabamba.

On 9 December 2020, the political party Join (Súmate) was created to present candidates for the regional elections in the Cochabamba Department. It was led by Manfred Reyes Villa, a two time presidential candidate in 2002 and 2009, former Prefect (predecessor to governor) of the Cochabamba Department, and former Mayor of Cochabamba city. He was presented as the party's mayoral candidate in hopes of returning to the office he held from 1994 to 2000. Súmate received the support of Nationalist Democratic Action and the New Republican Force as well as the citizen's group Total Renovation (Renovación Total, Reto).

However, on 18 January 2021, the Departmental Electoral Tribunal (TED) disqualified Reyes Villa's candidacy due a debt of 2,372 Bolivianos to the State. According to the President of the Cochabamba Departmental Electoral Court, Humberto Valenzuela, pending accounts with the State are cause for the disqualification of any candidate, regardless of whether they pay it later. The decision was questioned by Súmate spokesperson Mauricio Muñoz who stated that there was a "black hand in this TED resolution that seeks to harm Cochabamba and [Reyes Villa]." He had been leading in the polls throughout the campaign season.

On 24 February, Súmate announced that 50% of the debt had been payed and that a payment plan for the remaining half had been requested. On 26 February, it was announced that the remaining half had also been payed and that thus "there is no reason or excuse" to maintain the TED's decision. Despite this, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) upheld Reyes Villa's disqualification under the pretence that Súmate had not formally documented the payment of all debts before the TSE on the date of issuance of the resolution.

The decision to uphold the disqualification was met by protests by supporters of Reyes Villa as well as other members of the opposition. CC leader Carlos Mesa called it "an electoral plot of the MAS" while Luis Fernando Camacho stated that it was a "desperate maneuver" to keep the top opposition candidate out of contention just nine days before the election. Former president Jorge Quiroga alleged that the TSE's decision was made "under pressure from the MAS."

On 2 March, the TSE met to discuss an appeal to reauthorize Reyes Villa's candidacy. The following day in a 4 to 2 ruling, the TSE decided to reverse the decision and Reyes Villa was qualified a candidate five days before the elections. Reyes Villa stated that "justice has been done thanks to God" but regretted that the decision had "kept Cochabamba in suspense."

Results
Following his requalification, Manfred Reyes Villa won the mayoral election by 55.63% defeating the MAS candidate Nelson Cox who gained 29.69%. On 12 March, Reyes Villa sent a letter to the TSE requesting that all authorities elected in the first round take office sooner than the stated date of 3 May in order to not "delay the start of the new municipal governments."

Sucre
Ten political parties presented candidates for Mayor of Sucre.

12 November
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13 November
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14 November
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15 November
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17 November
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19 November
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20 November
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22 November
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Cabinet
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Anti-Añez protests
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Senkata
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Sacaba
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El Alto
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Cochabamba
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Supreme Decree 4078
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Senkata and Sacaba responsibilities
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Domestic policy
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Evo Morales
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Detentions
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Releases
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Journalism
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Elections
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Recognition
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OAS
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International recognition:
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Mexico
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Cuba
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Venezuela
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United States
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Misc
Unrelated but useful in other articles:

2019 crisis:
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Evo Morales
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Andrónico Rodríguez

Álvaro García Linera

Luis Fernando Camacho

Luis Arce

Jorge Quiroga

Jaime Paz Zamora

President of Bolivia
The president of Bolivia, officially the president of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is the head of state and head of government of Bolivia. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the captain general of the Armed Forces of Bolivia.

''The power of the presidency has grown substantially since its formation, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. While presidential power has ebbed and flowed over time, the presidency has played an increasingly strong role in American political life since the beginning of the 20th century, with a notable expansion during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. In contemporary times, the president is also looked upon as one of the world's most powerful political figures as the leader of the only remaining global superpower. As the leader of the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP, the president possesses significant domestic and international hard and soft power.''

''Article II of the Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government and vests the executive power in the president. The power includes the execution and enforcement of federal law and the responsibility to appoint federal executive, diplomatic, regulatory, and judicial officers. Based on constitutional provisions empowering the president to appoint and receive ambassadors and conclude treaties with foreign powers, and on subsequent laws enacted by Congress, the modern presidency has primary responsibility for conducting U.S. foreign policy. The role includes responsibility for directing the world's most expensive military, which has the second largest nuclear arsenal.''

''The president also plays a leading role in federal legislation and domestic policymaking. As part of the system of checks and balances, Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution gives the president the power to sign or veto federal legislation. Since modern presidents are also typically viewed as the leaders of their political parties, major policymaking is significantly shaped by the outcome of presidential elections, with presidents taking an active role in promoting their policy priorities to members of Congress who are often electorally dependent on the president. In recent decades, presidents have also made increasing use of executive orders, agency regulations, and judicial appointments to shape domestic policy.''

''The president is elected indirectly through the Electoral College to a four-year term, along with the vice president. Under the Twenty-second Amendment, ratified in 1951, no person who has been elected to two presidential terms may be elected to a third. In addition, nine vice presidents have become president by virtue of a president's intra-term death or resignation. In all, 45 individuals have served 46 presidencies spanning 58 full four-year terms.''

Luis Arce is the 67th and current president of Bolivia, having assumed office on 8 November 2020.

Vice President of Bolivia
The vice president of Bolivia, officially the vice president of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Vice Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the government of Bolivia, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession.

The vice president is also an officer in the legislative branch, as president of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly.

''The vice president is also an officer in the legislative branch, as the president of the Senate. In this capacity, the vice president is empowered to preside over Senate deliberations at any time, but may not vote except to cast a tie-breaking vote. The vice president is indirectly elected together with the president to a four-year term of office by the people of the United States through the Electoral College.''

''The modern vice presidency is a position of significant power and is widely seen as an integral part of a president's administration. While the exact nature of the role varies in each administration, most modern vice presidents serve as a key presidential advisor, governing partner, and representative of the president. The vice president is also a statutory member of the National Security Council and thus plays a significant role in national security matters. As the vice president's role within the executive branch has expanded, the legislative branch role has contracted; for example, vice presidents now preside over the Senate only infrequently.''

''The role of the vice presidency has changed dramatically since the office was created during the 1787 Constitutional Convention. Originally something of an afterthought, the vice presidency was considered an insignificant office for much of the nation's history, especially after the Twelfth Amendment meant that vice presidents were no longer the runners-up in the presidential election. The vice president's role began steadily growing in importance during the 1930s, with the Office of the Vice President being created in the executive branch in 1939, and has since grown much further. Due to its increase in power and prestige, the vice presidency is now often considered to be a stepping stone to the presidency. Since the 1970s, the vice president has been afforded an official residence at Number One Observatory Circle.''

''The Constitution does not expressly assign the vice presidency to a branch of the government, causing a dispute among scholars about which branch the office belongs to (the executive, the legislative, both, or neither). The modern view of the vice president as an officer of the executive branch—one isolated almost totally from the legislative branch—is due in large part to the assignment of executive authority to the vice president by either the president or Congress. Nevertheless, modern vice presidents have often previously served in Congress, and are often tasked with helping to advance an administration's legislative priorities.''

David Choquehuanca is the 39th and current vice president of Bolivia. He assumed office on 8 November 2020.

Vice president as prime minister
The first mention of the office of vice president came in the 1826 Constitution, drafted by Simón Bolívar and promulgated on 19 November 1826 by Antonio José de Sucre. In it, seven articles (85–91) are dedicated to the deputy head of government. The position was not directly elected; rather, the vice president was nominated by the president and presented to the legislature for approval or rejection. The vice president was conceived as a prime minister, directly responsible for the administration of the state with the rest of the council of ministers under their direction and tutelage as outlined in Articles 89 and 90.

President Sucre, the first president to be sworn-in to this Constitution, never presented a vice presidential candidate for the consideration of the General Constituent Congress and the position remained vacant throughout his mandate. At the same time, it was Sucre himself who, at the time of his resignation, accepted by the Congress on 2 August 1828, activated for the only time the 1826 mechanism of vice-presidential election when he presented a three-page consideration to the legislature. On 12 August, it elected José Miguel de Velasco provisional vice president, who never came to hold the vice presidency because the entirety of his term was spent as acting president, in the absence of the elected president.

Under these circumstances, the first vice president of Bolivia was José Ramón de Loayza, elected by the Conventional Assembly on 18 December 1828, in accordance with the 1826 Constitution, although within the framework of an assembly dominated by Agustín Gamarra and the Peruvian Army which had forced the signing of the Treaty of Piquiza. Loayza was acting president in the absence of Pedro Blanco Soto from 18–26 December and held the provisional vice presidency fleetingly for just six days between 26 December 1828 and 1 January 1829.

Vice president as part of the executive
The 1831 Constitution dedicated six articles (79–84) to the vice presidency, stripping it of the broad powers conferred upon it in 1826 and cementing it as an exclusive post within the executive branch. Article 79 specifically modified the form in which the vice president was elected. Rather than being nominated by the president, the office was to be elected by the parish electoral boards for a set four-year term with no restrictions on reelection or subsequent election to the presidency immediately following their term. As per Articles 82 and 83, the vice president also carries the post of secretary minister of the cabinet and may be appointed to any ministerial position at the president's digression.

Constitutions which abolish the office
The 1839 Constitution promulgated by José Miguel de Velasco on 26 October 1839 abolished the office of the vice president. Instead, constitutional succession corresponded to the president of the Senate (Art.69–71). The vice presidency remained abolished through subsequent constitutions for 39 years until 1878 and the position remained vacant for a total of 41 years.

In 1843, the Constitution of 17 June promulgated by José Ballivián modified the mode of constitutional succession established in 1839. Articles 53–55 established the president of the National Council as first in the presidential line of succession. The council was a unique body established by Articles 61–71 composed of two senators and two representatives elected by their respective legislative chambers, as well as all of the members of the council of ministers, two magistrates of the Supreme Court, one general, one ecclesiastic, and one finance officer. In addition, every ex-president of the republic automatically gained the right to be a member of the council. The president of the National Council was to be elected from among the body's members.

Addendum
The individuals mentioned in the following list were elected president of Bolivia but never came to govern: