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Origin of Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal

By

Pastor K. John Mathew

Thrikkannamangal,Kottarakara,Kerala, India

Abstract This article recaps the origin of Malankara Church of God in Thrikkannamangal, Kerala. In early 20th century pioneers from the United States visited India and spread the Pentecostal message. The Christian experiences of the early church were lost through intermingling with the Non- Christians and traditions. A revival was reestablished as a result of the American Missionaries who came to India. The theme of the paper is as written in Mathew 16: 18,”I will build my church and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.” The arrival of Saint Thomas the apostle of Jesus Christ to India, and a brief history of the Pentecostal church in the 20th and the 21th century is presented.

Introduction

This article is not be confused with any other Churches, which has the Malankara pre-fixation. The purpose of this article is to trace out the first proclamation of Pentecostal message in the early 20 th century. An American Baptist missionary George E. Berg went to north India in 1901. Berg returned to America and was baptized with the Holy Spirit in 1908 at Azusa Street, California. Along with Brethren missionaries, Berg attended the convention at Thrikkannamangal in 1909 and proclaimed Pentecostal message. The same message was repeated during the convention in the following year1910 and Brethren missionaries opposed the Pentecostal message. However, along with Cummins, a native missionary, Berg delivered the same message in the convention at Thrikkannamangal in 1911.Brethren believers from Thuvayur came to Thrikkannamangal during 1911 and along with them, Berg visited their place and Pentecostal message delivered during the convention conducted, many received Holy spirit. As a result the first Pentecostal church was started there. Berg went to U S A during the year 1912 to attend World Pentecostal conference at Azusa Street.AS Berg initiated Robert F. Cook while they met at Azusa Street, to come to India and they reached  Bangalore in 1913 and started missionary work by the end of December. They continued the work in Tamil Nadu and Travancore in 1914 and established Churches. During the World War Cook restricted his work at Bangalore till the war ended and started his work from 1917 onwards in Travancore and Tamil Nadu. Cook shifted his centre of work from Bangalore to Thrikkannamangal in 1921. The Malayalam name given to the Pentecostal Church he started was "Malankara Poorna Suvisesha Sabha.” Later this name was changed to "Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal" and continued as an independent church.

Definition of Malankara The word Malankara derives from the name of the island of Maliankara near  Muzris,  which according to tradition was the first place Thomas the Apostle  arrived  in India  in AD 52. Initially the terms 'Malankara Christian'  or 'Malankara  Nassaranis'  were applied to all Saint Thomas Christians, but following the split the term was generally restricted to the faction loyal to Mar- Thoma  1,  distinguishing from the  Catholics  faction. Later many of the Churches that subsequently branched off have maintained the word in their names. 1  _                                      Thrikkannamangal Thrikkannamangal is a suburb around the city of Kottarakara in Kollam district of Kerala State in India The town is named so because it was the direction that kings of old, standing in their palace, would face in the morning. Kollam was the  seat  of  the Desinganad kings. Kollam had mercantile relationship between Phoenicians and Romans. The city of Kottarakara is named so because it served as a place for the  king's "kottaram" or palace. Kottarakara is famous as the place where the classical dance form of kathakali originated. It was also the capital of Elayidath- Sawaroopam. The Mahaganapathi Temple famous for its unniappam is one of the most venerated Ganesh Temples in Kerala. Kottarakara consits of people from manypolitical leanings and religious faiths. There is strong Hindu as well as Christian presence. The Muslim population, though significant is not as large as Hindus  or  Christians. Kathakali has its own museum  at Thrikkannamangal. Kathakali, a form of dance originated in Kottarakara by Kottarakara Thampuran. An ancient Srikrishna Temple exists at Thrikkannamangal. Low caste people were welcomed with open doors by Mahatma Gandhi on Jan 31, 1937, soon after the proclamation issued by Maharaja  Sri Chithra  Thirunal Balarama Varma, and his Dewan  Sri  C. P.  Rama Swami  Iyer in 1936. 2

History of Temple entry proclamation

In 1896, an  Ezhava  Memorandum  signed by more than 13,000 representatives of the Hindu Ezhava community of Travancore, in Kerala  was  submitted to the government. The memorandum contained the request to the Maharaja to recognize the right of the Ezhavas to enter Government service jobs,  which  the upper caste Hindus of the state prevailed upon. In dejection, many of the Ezhavas embraced Christianity, making the Christian population of Travancore increase from six lakhs in 1901 to 17 lakhs by 1931.3 _

One of the unique points of modern history tied to Thrikkannamangl  is that it served as the launching pad for the Pentecostal  movements  that has now spread throughout India. The American missionary George E. Berg and Robert F. Cook were received in to this place  by the late Kalloor  John  Chacko, one of the patriarchs of the Kalloor family,  from  beginning  of their  work.

Syrian Churches in  Kerala

St Thomas the apostle of Jesus Christ is believed to have landed in AD 52, in Cranganore, near Cochin. F. E. Keay in his book recorded that even before Christ; Cochin had trade connections with Middle East and Palestine dealing with spices and luxury articles like ivory. St.Thomas preached Gospel to Jews community and Hindus. He brought many Jews and Hindu families to the faith. He established seven and half Churches in Cranganore (Maliankara) Chawghaat (Palayoor), Parur near Alwaye, Gokamanglam, Niranam, Nilakal (Chayal), Quilon (Kalyan), and Thiruvancode. Churches still exist in four oftheoriginalplaces4 St.Thomas is said to have ordained presbyters for  the  churches from four Brahmin families called Sankarapuri, Pakolomattam, Kali, and kalliankal. After this he went to Malacca and to China, and finally returned to Mylapure in Madras city where his preaching aroused the hostility of Brahmins. He was speared to death about 72 A D. 5 The presence of a Bishop John from India is mentioned In the records of the council of Nic ea in AD 325. The Church history during 4TH  to  15 th century  reveals  that it had  friendly relations existed  with the churches in Persia. According to tradition, in AD 345, a group of 400 people emigrated from Persia and came to Malabar with a merchant named Kanaye Thommen. More people came from Persia in AD 825 with Marwan Sabriso, a Persian merchant, and two Bishops named Mar Prodh, and Mar Sapro., whom  landed in Quilon. King Cheraman perumal gave them land and extended special privileges, inscribed on two sets of copper plates called chepped  in Malayalam. In the early periods,most of the Christian believers by race were Syrians and Persians. The Syrians and Persians intermingled with the people of India and became indianites.6 Ecclesiastical link between the church in Malabar and the church in West Asia existed until the 16th century. The Bishops coming from the Babylonian patriarchate believed in the Nestorian doctrine. The Chaldean Syrian church is a Nestorian organization that exists at present in the city of Trichur. The Chaldean Syrian church has a relationship with Nestorian Patriarch.Despite ecclesiastical connections and support, the church in Malabar was independent in management under its own Archdeacons. The Portuguese began entering India with arrival of Vasco-de-Gama in AD 1498 and started control of the churches. For more than 50 years, the Malankara church was under the control of Rome.

In AD 1653, after 54 years of subordination to Roman Catholicism, the churches freed with the oath of Coonan cross and gained the loyalty to their ancient faith and traditions. Their dream was  successful  when their Archdeacon, Thomas was duly consecrated with title "Marthoma" in 1665 by  MarGregorius  of Jerusalem. Mar gregorius was associated with the Jacobite Patriarchate of Antioch. Yhomas was the first Indian Metropolitan.The connection with the Antioch Jacobites was resoted because of th affiliation with the Syrian church. The Malankara chursch was origianally known as the Syrian Church of Malankara.7 After the  arrival of missionaries from the Church Mission Society (CMS) of London, the Malankara Syrian church associated with them. Gradually, doctrinal differences of opinion arose among the two groups and the relationship began to fade resulting in separation. The CMS gaine d membership   with the new converts The Syrians who joined eventually  formed  a branch of the Church of England known as the  Dioceses  of Travancore and Cochin  in 1789. Further reformation took place under the leadership of Palakunnathu Abraham Malpan of Maramon (1 796-1845) and Kaithayil Geevarghese  Malpan of  Puthupally  (1800-1855). Some people in the  church insisted that  non-Biblical practices and coustoms, which had crept into the church over the centuries be removed. Litigation between reformed group and original group for the possession of individual churches existed for many years. The reformed group acquired Maramon and  Kozhenchery  churches by court  verdict  and  Kottrakara  church without contest. Five churches were to be shared  by  both  parties  conducting worship  on alternate Sundays. Reformed group put up small sheds in other places  for  worship. Though the reformed group  lost their  property; they influenced the people to spiritual revival and enjoyed great joy in the new situation. In 1864 Mathew  Mar Athanasius Metropolitan allowed Ammal, the daughter of a famous Tamil convert,  Vedanayak  Sastri, to visit the churches and inspire the people through  the  Christian songs. 8

Translation of Bible into Malayalam Language

Until the 18th century, Malayalam translation of the Bible was not available but the Syrian and Latin language Bibles were available. William Carey translated Bible into four North Indian languages, after his arrival in India in1793. Ambitious to translate Bible into more Indian languages, Claudius Buchanan vice principal of Calcutta College, and Anglican Church Bishop Benjamin Bialy came to Kerala in 1806. In 1807 they translated four Gospels into Malayalam. A Tamil Pandit,Thimappa pillai and Manangnaziyathu Philiphose Rabban helped translate the Bible. The Malayalam Bible was printed in Kuriyar press, Bombay. In 1917 Benjamin Bialy began to translate the whole Bible into Malayalam. Moses, Vaidhyanatha Iyer, and Chanthu Menon joined to help translate. Astonishingly, Chanthu Menon of Ottapalam and his two sons Padmanaba Menon and Govindan kutty Menon received baptism before the completion of translation. They received the names Joseph Fen, Bialy Fen and Baker Fen respectively. In 1824 Bialy printed the Gospel of Mathew in CMS press, Kottayam. The New Testament was  printed  in 1829 and the Old Testament in 1835. The full  Bible  was printed  in 1841. The Full Bible which we use now was printed in 1910. 9

Spiritual Revival in South India

Anthony Norris Groves, professionally a dentist and one of the founder leaders of Plymouth Brethren movement in England arrived in India in 1835 and established a missionary team in Madras. Groves's activities centered in Bihar, Godavari area of Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. Groves returned to England in 1852 and fell asleep in Jesus, at 12 noon on Friday May 20 th 1853. His missionary career influenced his Indian disciple John Arulappan, who created an expanding network of indigenous Christian fellowships in the Madura dist, Tamil Nadu. Great revival with outpouring of the Holy Spirit took place in Christianpettah in Tirunelvely District in 1860. Mathai a CMS Evangelist from Tirunelveli who was a disciple of Arulappan came to Travancore where they experienced an outpouring of the  Holy  Spirit in Travancore in 1874-75. During both services, charismatic gifts such as prophesy Including glossolalia, glossographia and interpretation of tongues, prayer for the sick, falling down and shaking, as well as restoration of the offices of Apostle and prophet were experinced.

Justus Joseph also known as Vidhuvankutty Achen, was a Brahmin convert and a scholar. On 26 November 1865 Justus Joseph received  ordination as a deacon in the CMS Church. He was attracted by the revival message and began to conduct revival meetings around Mavelikara. During the middle of the nineteenth  century many Hindu customs and superstitions  that prevailed  in  the Christian  religious life consisted of certain ceremonies, rituals and festivals. Offering were made  in honor of  the saints to avoid calamities and to gain personal  affairs. Special festivals were held on the feasts of certain saints and  the images of saints were taken in procession to please them.

Vidhuvankutty Achen found these superstitions and rituals to be against the teachings of the Bible and conducted revival meetings in and around Mavelikara, Kannettil and other places in Travancore. His talent of singing and revival meetings attracted many people irrespective of denominations and religion. In his meetings many people committed their life for Christ. Everywhere, there arose a revival and people began to sing and dance and rejoice in Lord. A great revival  took place in Syrian Churches. Though the church does not agree with some of his teachings, due to his revival meeting, great awakening among the Christians happened and many began to read Bible to  understand  the truth. In 1873, 1119 copies of the Bible were sold in Kerala, but in 1874 the number increased to  3034. This growth of readers of the  sc ripture led to  the  growth of  moral  standard of Christians and  many turned away from alcoholism,  witchcraft,  magic,  and  stealing. People began to spend more time in reading the Bible,  Prayer,  fasting,  and many lives were transformed.

According to the  most Rev. Dr. Juhanon Mar  Thomas, Vidhuvankutty  Achen  (Yustus Joseph)  had a vital role in the Revival movement of the  Marthoma  Church. The spiritual revival started by a  preacher Mathai Upadesi and  carried on by Rev. Yustus Joseph a famous scholar and musician and a Brahmin convert had its influence throughout  the  central Travancore. He wrote many Malayalam revival songs. Sthuthipin Sthuthipin, Yeshu Devane was written by him, this song is sung every year to conclude the final meeting of the Maramon convention by the congregation. This practice started in 1895 and still continues. He founded the Church called "Youyomaya Sabha". This group made controversial predictions and has not flourished progressively. 10  ibid p 18(C B. Firth),/ref>

In December 1894, a well-known preacher from Tamil Nadu, known as Tamil David and Wordsworth become the leaders of   the  revivalism. They visited Kerala and preached about salvation at Puthencavu. During this meeting an 11 year old young boy named K. V. Simon accepted Jesus as his savior. Maramon convention began in 1895. The spirit of revivalism was continued by the blessed leaders like CMS missionary Rev. Thomas Walker from Tirunelveli  in Tamil Nadu, Punchamannil Mammen Upadeshi, and Muthampackal  Kochukunju upadesi. In 1896, Groves.J.J.Gregson, the famous Keswick convention speaker, a Baptist missionary came to Kerala for the Maramon convention. Many accepted Jesus as the savior and many priests and laymen took baptism. Because of Gregson's success, the church leaders barred him.

In the year 1897 P. E. Mammen (Kumbnattachen) Vicar received baptism from a Brethren missionary Handily Bird. In 1899 P.C. Mammen was baptized. Separate worship was conducted in the residence of Kuttyil Mathai. This meeting was interrupted, due to opposition. Regular worship meeting was started at Kavaungprayar on 3 rd Sept 1899. In 1906 V. Nagal started his ministry in Nellikunnu Trichur. In Dec 25 th 1915 K.V. Simon was expelled from Marthoma Church due to preaching of baptism. This was the significant turning point in the Brethren movement in Kerala. On 20 th Jan 1929 K.V. Simon joined with the movement of Mr. Noel and P.E. Mammen resulting the united movement paving the foundation of Brethren assemblies in Kerala.

 Spiritual Revival in North India

As a result of renewed European missionary fervor that began in 1897, and enriched  by the Welsh Revival (1904) a series of revivals swept across India  during  1905-1906. This awakening encompassed most protestant groups, including Anglican  (CMS)  Baptist,  Danish  Lutheran mission society, Church of Scotland, Methodists, Brethren and all reformed churches. Confession of sin and prayer storms, hours spent in fervent and loud prayer, followed with Pentecostal-like phenomena including prophecies, dreams, visions  ad  accounts of visible "tongues of fire". This revival was more dynamic at Pandita  Remabais' "Mukti mission" at Kedgaon in  Maharashtra  state. One of the greatest out pouring  of the Holy Spirit in  modem time happened  in  her orphanage of child and widows. However, none of these denominational revivals came out of their four walls and developed into separate Pentecostal churches anywhere in India.  Beginning of Pentecost Church The first "Pentecostals" in the modern era originated in 1901 in the city of Topeka, Kansas whwre a former Methodist Pastor need Charles Fox Parham a holiiness teacher conducted a Bibnle school. The movement began during the first day of 1901 just as the world entered the 20th  century. The first person to be baptized in the Holy Spirit accompanied by speaking in tongues was Agnes Ozman, one of Parham's Bible school students. This made the Pentecostal movement of the twentieth century. This awakening spread rapidly to all parts of America. A three year revival meeting under leadership of William J. Seymour started at Azusa street mission in Los Angeles from 1906-1909 that attracted believers from around the world.

George E. Berg, was a independent American missionary of German descent, came to India in 1901, and went to the United States  in 1908, where he received the  Spirit of  baptism  at  Azusa street mission. He returned to India in Bangalore, in 1909 and came to the convention at Thrikkannamangal accompanied with Brethren missionaries, Land, Bird Maynard, Musabai, Arthur and David. During this convention Berg spoke about the baptism of Holy Spirit, he received at Azusa Street, but Brethren missionaries opposed it. The following year 1910, accompanied with Brethren missionaries, Noel, David, Grander and Arthur, he came for the convention from Dec 13-20, at Thrikkannamangal and spoke about the baptism of Holy Spirit. Due to strong protest of Brethren missionaries, in 1911, he came along with a native missionary Cummins of an Anglo Indian and conducted convention. In this convention the main theme was about the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Many people accepted the  revival message  and  were baptized with the Holy Spirit. During these visits he visited Thuvayur and conducted meetings there, at Brethren church, many Brethren people were anointed with Holy Spirit and received the doctrine of Pentecost and separate church was formed. Berg went to America during the year 1912 to participate in the world Pentecostal conference conducted in Los Angeles. Robert F. Cook came there to pray for the sickness of his wife, and he was initiated by Berg to go to India. The following year1913 Berg and cook arrived at Bangalore. They started their missionary work by the end of December. In 1914 they traveled in train and stayed some days at Tirunelveli before going to kottarakara and to Thuvayur in Travancore and many people were baptized and joined the church. Because the World war started in 1914, Berg returned to USA, as he was a German descent.

Beginning of Thrikkannamangal Malankara Church of God

Missionary Cook stayed at Bangalore during the 1st World War and started his work again in 1917 at Tamil Nadu and Kerala. As a result of his work many people were converted and received baptism. He established Churches at Adoor, Vilakudy and Chaliakara estate at Punalur. While working among estate workers of Chaliakara and Ambanad, he had acquaintance with managers of the estate, who were Europeans. By this time he wanted to shift his residence from Bangalore to somewhere near Kottarakara. Through the estate managers he came to know one contractor Sri Geevargese Koshy, Vadakadathu Veed from Thrikkannamangal and he agreed to give his house for his stay. In 1921 he shifted his residence from Bangalore to villakonathu Bunglow at Thrikkannamangal. He made a temporary shed in the compound and started worship, great revival took place. Many people were converted and received baptism. Many sick people were healed and baptized with the Holy Spirit. He named the Church as”'Malankara Poorna Suvesha Sabha.” The work progressed, many churches were planted far and near places. Many Hindu people received Jesus Christ as savior and took baptism, among this were a Hindu blacksmith named Paulose, from Thrikkannamangal. At his residence he started a Bible study class and later it was shifted to Mulakuzha in 1926 and now it is known as Mount Zion Bible Seminary. During this time Kalloor John Chacko (Grandfather of the author) and his eldest son Thomas laid up with typhoid disease and Cook went to their house and prayed for them and God healed them. This was the turning point of them to be the believers of Pentecostal doctrine from Brethren church. In 1928, Kalloor Thomas and other six families joined together and purchased four cents of land nearby and constructed a hall for worship and the worship of Cook from the temporary shed was shifted to this hall. This is one of the  first Pentecostal Churche s in  Kerala, which was established by Cook. The Pastors of the church in different period were Cook, Charles Cummins, K.C. Chandy, A.R.T.Athisayam and M.K.Varghese. This has been continued till 1942 before division took place. One group remained at Malankara church and the other group under the leadership of Cook bought land at the present place and made a hall where full Gospel Church of God is meeting.

In 1936 Cook joined with  the  Full Gospel  Church of God, Cleveland  in America. Many of his co-workers parted with him and formed their own Churches such as the Indian Pentecostal Church (IPC) and Ceylon Pentecost Mission (CPM). The CPM subsequently became The Pentecostal Mission (TPM). From 1942 the Ceylon Pentecost mission (now known as The Pentecost Mission) under the leadership of Pastor Paul and Alvin continued worship at Malankara Church of God, Thrikkannamngal till 1946. Pastors of the Church during this period were Vengur Daniel and Chengalam C. Kochukunju. In 1946 they shifted to Pulamon, since they needed more accommodation. From 1946 December the Malankara Church joined with a group of fellowship Known as the Church of God (Dheiva Sabha) formed by A.R.T.Athisyam, Ashtamudi Oomachen, Kalayapuram Mathaichen, Kuriyannoor Thomachen and Mepral Enoch and so on. In 1984, this former Pentecost Church at Thrikkannamangal was registered as per societies Act 1955 as "Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamngal". This Church has some branches in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Doctrine of the Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal

1)Repentance, 2) Justification, 3) Glorifications, 4) Holiness, 5) Water Baptism, 6) Filling of Holy Spirit, 7) Spiritual Gifts and Fruits, 8) Healing of sick by the blood of Jesus Christ, 9) Washing of saints' feet and Lord's Supper in night, 10) Tithing and giving for Lord's work, 11) Second coming of Jesus Christ, 12) Resurrection, 13) Eternal life for righteous and eternal punishment for wicked, 14) Total abstinence from all liquor, use of tobacco in any form, opium, morphine and other drugs, 15) Worship on Sunday and fasting and prayer meeting in other days, 16) Not wearing any ornaments, 17) Divorce is strongly discouraged and re-marriage is not allowed while husband or wife is alive.

Jesus Christ performed the Lord's Supper with his disciples during the night on the Passover day in lieu of Passover to be kept by Israel as an ordinance in an appointed time (Exodus 12: 24, Num 9:5, Luke 22:14-20, John 13: 4-17). Really the Passover Lamb was Christ who is sacrificed for us (1 Cor 5:7) This is an ordinance of Church which was followed by his disciples and it is recorded in N T (Acts 20: 7-11,1 Cor 11: 23-26) Paul received it as a revelation from Jesus Christ. Proof in the History of Christianity

In the first century two services were held on the first day of the week in which Christ rose from the dead (Acts 20: 7; 1 Cor. 16:2). Worship service was conducted in the morning and the love of feast preceded the communion (Lord’s Supper) during the evening service.11 (Earle E. Cairns 1996, P 84)

During the seventeenth century it is recorded that a group of people among the Baptist Church known as Vinnebrannier in Germany kept the Lord's Supper at night with feet washing and greetings of brothers with a holy kiss. 12    Henry Groves wrote about a revival in 1860 in South India in Christian petta village and surrounding places in the present Tamil Nadu. Many believers took part in fasting and prayer on Sunday and participated in the Lord's Supper at night.13   Other Churches that follow the same process include the Genida Church of God, Retinapuri, Coimbatore and Full Gospel Church of God in Palayamcotta. All Churches under the leadership of Pastor P.M. Thomas, Trichur known in Malayalam language as ” Daiva Sabha” (Church of God) and most of the churches in Trivandrum Dist.

Contributions

The spiritual experience that occurred in America on January 1, 1901, the first day of twentieth century, reached Thrikknnamangal in 1909, through the missionary work of George E. Berg and subsequently, established, by Robert F. Cook was supported accepted and propagated while the traditional Churches strongly opposed it. Former Fathers, especially Kalloor Chacko who received the first missionary Berg and later supported Cook for the progress of revival ministry, faced much opposition from the traditional Churches and despite that, fire of the revival Spirit was spread to other places in Kerala and all over India. Thrikkannamangal is the place of the glorious beginning of modern Pentecostal revival.

In completing a century in 2009, the centenary celebration was celebrated by all the Pentecostal Churches on 20th of December 2009. The century convention was conducted by Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal, from December 23 to 26. It is a great privilege and appreciation that the people of Thrikkannamangal, especially, Malankara Church of God played a vital part for the task of propagations of Pentecostal revival. Kalloor Chacko and his part in the beginning stage of the ministry are recorded in the Brethren Church history by K.V.Simon, and in the autobiography of Pastor K.E. Abraham and in the history of Pastor T.K.Varghese in "Ekanayi Kalnadayayi." All honor and thanks goes to the almighty that was with the people of Thrikkannamangal who worked for the great Pentecostal revival and supported for the spread of the spiritual experience.

]

 Notes 1 Robert Eric Frykenberg, "Christianity in India from beginning to present," Oxford University Press, 2008. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankara Church 2 Temple Entry Proclamation/facebook. Tourism South Indian Cinema,www.Southdreamz.com/tourisum/Page/3, Malayalam Maathirboomi Weekly 2001 Aug 12-18     Retrieved from http://www Kerala com/keralatourism.kerala.php?t=158&sid= 3 Bard Well L. Smith 'Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia'-P. 42.Google Books. Retrieved from http ://www.questia.com/library/book/religion-and-social-conflict-in-south-asia-by-k-ishwaran- bardwell-l-smith.jsp 4 Seven and Half Churches (Ezharapallikal). Retrieved from http://www.syromalabar.com/churches/ezharappallikal/index.htm 5 C B.  Firth  'An Introduction to Indian Church History'  ISPCK, Post Box 1585 Kashmiri Gate, Delhi-110006.p18 6 Most Rev Juhanan Mar-Thoma, Christianity in India and brief history of the Marthoma Syrian Church  1989 7 Ibid. (ibidem) 8 Ibid.(ibidem) 9 Collections from Christian Periodicals, Good News and Maranatha. 10 Ibid.18(C B.Firth) 11Earle E. Cairns, Christianity through the Centuries, Zondervan Publishing House Grand Rapids, Michigan  49530, 1996.P 84 12 C.E.Abraham M A-DD, “History of Church”, Christian Literature Society Post Box 501.Park Town,Madras- 31966, 1966.P,225. Retrieved from http://www.whitehorsemedia.com/docs/HISTORY_OF_THE_CHRISTIAN_CHURCH_04.pdf 13 Henry Groves, son of A.N. Groves writing in the Watchman for July 1860.(Steward monthly publication, June 2007, by Mohan P David, Moriah, Kasargod, kerala.

References Abraham C E,Rev Dr MA,DD. "Church History" The Christian Literature Society, Malayalam Branch, Tiruvalla, Post Box 501,Park Town. Madras 3, 1966. Cairns E. Earle, "Christianity Through the centuries", Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigen-49530,1996 Firth C B," An Introduction to Indian Church History "Published for The senate of Serampore College by ISPCK-2000,Post Box 1585,Kashmiri Gate, Delhi 110006. George E. Berg Missionary Chicago Ancestry"Pentecostal Revival in History" Juhanan Mar-Thoma Most Rev, "Christianity in India and brief history of the Marthoma Syrian Church" Marthoma Sabha Directory(1999) Pub, The publication Board of the Marthoma Chuch, Thiruvalla, Kerala. Later Rain falling in the East-"Twentieth Century Pentecostalism in India" and the Debate over speaking in Tongues.www.Highbeam.com-Church History articles-Sep 1999 Robert Cook-Wikipedia the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia,org/wiki/Robet-f Robert Eric Frykenberg,"Christianity in India From beginning to the present" Oxford University press 2008. Simon KV, "History of Brethren Church in Malankara" (Malayalam) A K.V.S, Publication the Christavashram press, Manganam, kottayam,1938 Verghese Dr Habel G," Ekanayi kalnadayayi"(Malayalam) the life story of Pastor T K.Varghese,Christian Literature Service "Shelter",Paruthipara,Trivandrum- 695015,Kerala,India 2003.

why kerala christian believers are not wearing ornamaents.
Reasons from Bible ((subst:AFCsubmission/submit))2 Cor 6:14-18 “Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers; for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? And what communion hath light with darkness? And what concord hath Christ with Belial? Or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? “And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? For ye are the temple of living God; as God hath said I dwell in them, and walk in them: and I will be their God, and they shall he my people.”

Who are called believers?

By faith those who believe in Jesus Christ and saved by his blood and took water baptism and filled with Holy Spirit are called believers. Romans 10: 17”Faith come by hearing and hearing by the word of God” unless a man born again by Spirit and water he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. The word of God is powerful, that is like a hammer that make the rock in to pieces and like fire, it is like two edged sword, it is light, it is honey,  it is more than gold and silver, it is established for ever in heaven. Math 5:18” Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one title shall in no wise pass from the law, till be fulfilled, God is against the prophet who steals his words. Acts 20: 28-29 “Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flocks, over the the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers to feed the Church of God” which he has purchased with his own blood. For I know that, after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock.” The faith of Abraham is passed to Isaac and from him to Jacob and from generation to generation through his descendants and by his seed Jesus Christ to His believers. Jacob the grandson of Abraham got the blessing from his father Isaac in a crooked way and his brother Esau became jealous of him and tried to kill him. Fearing his brother, Jacob went to his uncles’ house and on the way he reached a place called Luz and slept there in the night. He had a dream that an angel of God ascending and descending through a ladder connecting to earth and heaven. He understood that the place is in the presence of God,and God spoke to him and blessed him with all the blessings that were given to Isaac and Abraham. He took an oath, If God will be with me and keep me in the way that I go and will give me bread to eat and cloth to wear and when I be back to my father’s house in peace then shall the Lord be my God and the place shall be house of God and I give tithe to God for all that God give to me. “He called the place as “BETHEL”. God blessed him in his uncles, house and came back with great wealth, wives and children and pitched his tent in Shalem a city of Shechem which is in the land of Canaan. His daughter with all makes up and fancy went to see the daughters of the city. What happened? Everything went wrong and great shame came up on Jacob and he was in great trouble and could not stay there. Jacob had forgotten the oath he had taken before the God. Gen 35: 1-4, 6 and God said unto Jacob, arise go up to BETHEL and dwell there: and make there an altar to God who appeared unto thee when you flee from the face of Esau thy brother. Then Jacob said unto his household and to all that were with him, put away the strange gods that are among you, and be clean and change your garments: And let us arise, and go up to BETHEL; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went. And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were in their hand and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob buried them under the oak which was by Shechem. Jacob and all the people with him came to Luz (that is, BETHEL) in the land of Canaan. There he built an altar, and he called the place “EL BETHEL”, because it was there that God revealed himself to him when he was fleeing from his brother. See what happened to Jacob in forgetting his oath which he has made to his God and joining with unbelievers of this world. Unless you change all worldly customs, you cannot go and worship the God in BETHEL, the house of God in His holiness. Let us think about the descendants of Abraham whom God multiplied in Egypt, they became slaves in Egypt and due to their hard work they cried to God and heard their cry and led them out of Egypt through the leadership of Moses and reached in wilderness, on the journey to Canaan. For true worship of God they were brought out of Egypt. Moses went upon to receive God’s commandments, and during his absence people need the Egyptian god for worship and compelled Aaron to make a calf out of their ornaments. While Moses comes down with God’s commandments, he saw the people worshipping the idol. What happened there? Three thousands men died in the same day. Moses prayed to God for the forgiveness of their sin and God allowed them to proceed in their journey to Canaan. Exo 33:1-4 “And the Lord said unto Moses, depart and go up hence, thou and the people which thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt and the land which I swear unto Abraham, to Isaac, and Jacob, saying until thy seed will I give it. And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanites, the Amorites and the Hittites, and the perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites. Go up to a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiff necked people; lest I consume thee in the way. And when the people heard these evil things, they mourned; and no man did put on him any ornaments. “And the children of Israel did not wear ornaments from Mount Horeb.” Again after crossing Jordan Achan transgressed God’s word for want of gold. Due to that they were defeated with the Ai people. Achan and his family were stoned and buried them with fire and the place was called “the valley of Achor”(Josh 7:20,25,26) Judges 8: 24-26 Gideon was a mighty man among the judges. God was with him and defeated all the enemies of the Israel. Though he could do mighty things, he made his people become idol worshippers. People wanted to him to be their king. But he denied and requested them to give earrings of his prey, (For they wear golden earrings as the custom of Ishmaelites) he collected all the ornaments which weighed 1700 shekels of gold and made an ephod put in the city, in Oprah and all Israel worshipped it. And it became a snare to Gideon and his house. This is a lesson for God’s people. The love of money and gold is a snare and reason for all the evil in this world. Richman in the Bible went to hell not because of his richness but for not of his non repentance while he was in the world.”Job says: then shall thou layup gold to dust and the gold of Ophir as a stones of the brook, then the Almighty will be your gold, the choicest silver for you.” (Job 22; 24-25) Ezekiel 7: 19-20 “They shall cast their silver in the streets ad their gold shall be removed; their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver them in the day of the wrath of the Lord: they shall not satisfy their souls neither fill their bowels: because it is the stumbling block of their iniquity. Zephaniah 1: 18 “Neither their silver nor their gold shall be able to deliver them in the day of the Lord’s wrath, but the whole land shall be devoured by the fire of his jealousy: for he shall make a speedy riddance of all them that dwell in the land.” Hosea 2: 13” And I will visit upon her the days of Baallim wherein she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels and she went after her lovers, and forget me; saith the Lord.” 1 Timo 2:9, 10, 12 “In like manner also, that women adore themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety: not with braided hair, or gold or pears, or costly array; but (which becometh, women professing godliness) with good works. 1 Peter 3:3-6 “Whose adoring let it not be that outward adoring of plaiting the hair, and wearing of gold or of putting on of apparel; but let it be the hidden man of the heart in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet Spirit, which is in the sight of god is great price. For after this manner in the old time the holy women also, ho trusted in God, adorned themselves, being in subjection unto their husbands even as Sara obeyed Abraham, calling him lord: whose daughters ye are as long as ye do well and are nt afraid with any amazement.” 1 John 2: 15-17 “Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man loves the world the love of the father is not in him. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the pride of life is not of the father, but is of world. And world passeth away and the lust there of: but he that doeth the will of God abideth for ever.”

We can see two women in the book of Revelation

One in Rev Chapter 17: 4-5 “And the women was arrayed in purple and scarlet color and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abomination and filthiness of her fornication. And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY BABYLON THE GREAT THE MOTHER OF PROSTITUTES AND THE ABOMINATION OF THE EARTH”. Another women in Rev19:7-9, it says  “Let us be glad and rejoice and give honor to him for the marriage of the lamb is come and his bride hath made herself ready and her was granted that she shall be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white; for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints. And he sayeth unto me write blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb! And he sayeth unto me these are the true sayings of the God”. Paul says, How Christ loved the Church, “as Christ loved the Church and gave himself up for her to make her holy, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word and to present her to himself as a radiant Church without stain or wrinkle or any other blemish, but holy and blameless”(Eph 5:25,26) Paul again says”I am jealous for you with a godly jealousy. I promised you to one husband to Christ, so that I might present you as a pure virgin to him, but I am afraid that just as Eve was deceived by the serpents’ cunning, your minds may somehow be led astray from your sincere and pure devotion to Christ.”(2 Cor 11:2, 3) While studying the God’s word sincerely and faithfully we can preciously understand that wearing of ornaments led Israel to temptation and to forget the Lord and become like the heathens. All things happened to Israel is an example to the believers of the end time. It was a great revelation and vision that God given to the forefathers in Kerala that wearing of ornaments is not good for the believers. 2 Cor 3:18 “But we all with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed in to the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord”. Yours in Jesus Christ Pastor k.John Mathew,Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal,Kottarakara,Kerala,India. Dated 5th June 2006. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.93.42.25 (talk) 21:16, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

MfD nomination of User:Kulamula
User:Kulamula, a page you substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Kulamula and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:Kulamula during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. mabdul 03:58, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

MfD nomination of User:Kulamula/Malankara Church of God,Thrikkannamangal.
User:Kulamula/Malankara Church of God,Thrikkannamangal., a page you substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Kulamula/Malankara Church of God,Thrikkannamangal. and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:Kulamula/Malankara Church of God,Thrikkannamangal. during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. mabdul 04:06, 26 January 2012 (UTC)