User talk:Kwamikagami/sandbox

Bengali phonology notes (Masica)
There is a tendency to pronounce the /c/ as an alveolar (or "dental") affricate [ts] in Eastern and Northern dialects of Bengali (Dacca, Maimansing, Rajshahi)

The [ts] pronunciation of /c/ in some NIA dialects has progressed to [s], in which case we can no longer speak of a stop articulation and, barring other developments, the inventory is reduced by one. This has taken place in the Chittagong dialect of Bengali (as described by Uchida), and in Assamese.

Complementing this predominantly western distribution of /ɳ / is a northeastern focus of occurrence of a phonemic velar nasal /ŋ/, which characterizes Bengali, Assamese, Nepali, Maithili, and Bhojpuri. There seems to be no disagreement over its phonemicity in these languages; Chaudhuri (1940-44) found that the North Bengali Rajshahi dialect contained an /ɲ/ phoneme (and not the usual Bengali /ŋ/).

The retroflex flap [ɽ] is often taken as an allophone of /ɖ /, with which it often stands in complementary distribution: initial, geminate, and postnasal for [ɖ ]; intervocalic, final, and before or after other consonants for [ɽ]. It has, however, come to contrast with [ɖ ] in at least some environments in ... Bengali (primarily through English loans, cf. Ferguson and Chowdhury 1960). ... The sound is absent altogether from Assamese, East and North Bengali dialects, and Bishnupriya - in all of which it has merged with /r/ ... It should also be noted that /ɽ/ is present phonemic ally in some languages (Western Hindi, Sindhi, Bengali,

In NIA the most widespread pattern consists of one voiceless sibilant, generally [s], plus /h/. In Standard Bengali, the dominant sibilant allophone is [ʃ] (becoming [s] before dental consonants).

the development of it secondary s from *ch has also introduced a contrast in the East Bengali dialects of Dacca and Chittagong, which originally had [ʃ] in all prevocalic environments. (In some East and North Bengali dialects, this [ʃ] has become [h] .)

/h/ occurs in almost all N I languages (one exception being the Chittagong dialect of Bengali)

The semivowels /y/ and /w/ are a somewhat shaky part of the N I A inventory. In a number of languages their occurrence is practically restricted to semi-predictable intervocalic glides. Their position is weakest in the east (where in Bengali the two are confused in writing), There is a phonetic as well as a historical difference between the Eastern glides, late in origin and sometimes optional, However, both /y/ and /w/ do exist in Hindi outside of diphthongs (i.e. initially), albeit only in deictics (again, leaving aside loans). In Bengali neither occurs.

An s/z opposition has also developed in Chittagong Bengali.

A more significant variation is the absence of the voiced aspirate series in some languages, reducing the system to a three-way contrast /p , ph , b/. It is also reported from the East Bengali of Dacca (Pal 1966a) and the dialect of Chittagong (UCida 1970). Absence (in the sense of elimination) of the voiced aspirates is often correlated with the presence of T O N E (e.g., both in Punjabi and in the Bengali dialects mentioned above).

There is a natural tendency (cf. Greek, Iranian) for aspirates to evolve into fricatives, especially voiceless aspirates. On the whole this tendency has been resisted in N I A, Bengali and its dialects constitute an exception.

Even in Standard Bengali there is a tendency to pronounce /ph/ as a bilabial fricative [ɸ], and also /bh/ as its voiced equivalent [β]. In the East Bengali dialects and especially in the dialect of Chittagong that is carried much further, to the velar stops and to both aspirated and unaspirated stops (*kh, k > [χ] *ph, p > [ɸ], *g > [ɣ]).

In contrast to all these languages, where aspirated nasals are very much part of colloquial speech, in Bengali they belong to an artificial acrolectal pronunciation and are ordinarily converted into plain geminated nasals ( *brɔmhɔ = [brɔmmho] > /brɔmmo/). ... These sounds (lh, rh, r.h) occur in Bengali under the same restricted circumstances as described earlier for mh, nh, ŋh.

a set of glottalized pressure stops (ejectives) found in some East Bengali dialects (and Bishnupriya) in place of the voiced aspirate series : /bˀ, dˀ, gˀ/ in the Maimansingh dialect, /bˀ, dˀ, ɖˀ, dzˀ, gˀ/ in the Chittagong dialect (according to Goswami 1940-4). Glottalization is often connected with T O N E and in the East Bengali cases seems to be related to the evolution of tone from the voiced aspirates. Indeed, Uchida's analysis perceives tone rather than glottalized consonants in the Chittagong dialect. (Chatterji claimed that the Dacca dialect also had glottalized voiced stops, a point which is disputed by Pal [1966a] .)

[w] [j] in chart cuz phonetic only

Otherwise the quintessential seven-vowel system is that of Bengali, with differentiation of lower-mid vowels both front and back: /i, e, æ; ɑ; ɔ, o, u/. Some dialects (Rajshahi, Maimansing, perhaps Chittagong, but not Dacca) appear to have reduced systems. (Ucida finds additional long vowels /ɑː, ɔː, oː/ in the Chittagong dialect.)

The presence of "geminated vowels" (ii, ee, oo, uu, etc.) allegedly belonging to only one syllable (cf. Goswami 1966: 97) in such languages as Assamese and Bengali is a reminder that a degree of conventionality governs even these analyses. Such vowels are not usually (an exception is UCida's analysis of the Chittagong dialect) counted as "long" vowels perhaps because they are fairly recent evolutes, and are often still spelled as two vowels separated by an (unpronounced) glide.

It is possible to speak of another kind of secondary subsystem, however, consisting not of borrowed sounds but rather of native sounds of marginal status. In Bengali, for example, there are rare but undeniable contrasts between, e.g., E/e in [chEle] 'boy' and [chele] 'if (it) covers' , and between I/i in [kIntu] 'but' and [kintum] 'I used to bring/would have brought' (Clinton Seely: personal communication). Cases like these can sometimes be taken care of by positing junctures: /kin- tum/ vs. /kintu/

Another question involves so-called rising diphthongs ([u̯a, i̯a, i̯e] , etc .) vs. sequences of the "semi consonants" /y , w/ + vowel. As this is partly a matter of particular phonological doctrine (and the rigor of its application) rather than of any phonetic differences, both interpretations are found in accounts of some N I A languages. In other cases, there is more justification for the diphthongal interpretation, namely when the glides occur only postconsonantally in such combinations (e.g., C + u̯a, i̯a, etc.) and never initially. Such is the case in Bengali, for example, where moreover the glides are often treated as "non-syllabic" e̯, o̯, rather than *i̯, u.

it is clear enough that the Eastern languages have the greatest number of true diphthongs (as well as disyllabic vowel sequences): in Bengali, for instance, Ferguson and Chowdhury (1960) recognize /āi̯, āe̯, āo̯, ei̯, oi̯, ui̯, āu̯, eu̯, ou̯, iu̯, ɔe̯, æe̯, ɔo̯ (also /ii̯, oo̯/), contrasting most of them with identical disyllabic sequences.

In Bengali, where nasalization [of vowels] has only a lexical role, it is absent altogether from some East Bengali dialects (Dacca, Maimensing), and in the Calcutta Standard affects only six of the seven vowels (not /ɔ/ - or only rarely) and (marginally) only one of the many diphthongs (ɔe or oi).

Contrastive tone is reported from several N I A languages and dialects, among them Chittagong and Dacca Bengali,

To say stress is predictable does not mean it always falls on a particular syllable, as in Polish or Finnish. Chatterji (1926) does describe such a stress pattern (initial syllable of the phrase or breath group) for Standard Bengali, but emphasizes that this generalization does not seem to apply even to other Bengali dialects

An interesting form of emphatic "stress" occurs in Bengali, Marathi, and perhaps other languages (although it is not characteristic of Hindi). It involves geminating a medial consonant. Sometimes this effects a quasi-phonological change: Bengali bɔɽo 'large' > bɔɖɖo 'enormous' (Clinton Seely, personal communication).

The palatal consonants are subject to severe positional restrictions in a few languages. In Dacca Bengali -cc-, -cch-, -jj-, occur mainly only medially and geminated. On the other hand the retroflex stops occur in all positions including initial position.

As already noted, in many N I A languages initial clusters are restricted in tadbhava words to sequences of C + semivowel (Cy-, Cw-) : (In Bengali, Assamese, Oriya the semivowels are customarily interpreted as vowels, sometimes even as syllabic vowels.) Another group of languages tolerates also sequences of C + r-: i.e. tr- (even Bengali, Assamese, and Oriya have tr- in the word for 'thirty' = B. triʃ)

Final clusters, native or borrowed, are not allowed in some N I A languages, including Bengali , Sinhalese , Nepali , and Braj. [even NC]

N I A languages typically have large inventories of medial clusters, including not only the above types but many others unknown to O I A. (There are some exceptions, e.g., Sinhalese. It should be noted also that written tatsama clusters are greatly simplified in Bengali pronunciation , according to assimilatory rules recapitulating those of Prakrit.)

In the first case, one possibility is vowel harmony. N I A furnishes at least two clear-cut examples of this phenomenon, both involving not the adaptation of the vowel of a suffix to the vowel of the stem, as in Turkish, but the adaptation of the vowel of the stem to the vowel of a suffix, and consequent morphophonemic variants of stems. The simpler case involves Standard Bengali, in which many stems show a higher or lower alternate vowel i/e, e/ā, o/ɔ, u/o, depending upon whether a suffix with a high vowel (i, u) follows or otherwise: kena 'to buy'/kini 'I buy' ; nɔʈ 'actor'/noʈi 'actress' (Dimock 1957). (In the Standard Colloquial, the conditioning vowel has dropped out of certain verbal endings, producing what now must be regarded as a partly morphologically conditioned alternation.

>100k

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 * Czech language [ces] 9,490,000
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 * North Mesopotamian Spoken Arabic language [ayp] 6,300,000
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 * Northern Thai language [nod] 6,010,000
 * Hiligaynon language [hil] 5,700,000
 * Napoletano-Calabrese language [nap] 5,700,000
 * Marwari language [rwr] 5,620,000
 * Danish language [dan] 5,580,000
 * Kashmiri language [kas] 5,580,000
 * Croatian language [hrv] 5,560,000
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 * Hebrew language [heb] 5,320,000
 * Mewari language [mtr] 5,100,000
 * Mòoré language [mos] 5,060,000
 * Slovak language [slk] 5,020,000
 * Finnish language [fin] 5,010,000
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 * Koongo language [kng] 5,000,000
 * Afrikaans language [afr] 4,930,000
 * Mainfränkisch language [vmf] 4,910,000
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 * Rundi language [run] 4,750,000
 * Sicilian language [scn] 4,700,000
 * Norwegian language [nor] 4,650,000
 * Huizhou Chinese language [czh] 4,600,000
 * Eastern Oromo language [hae] 4,530,000
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 * Southern Thai language [sou] 4,500,000
 * Tajiki language [tgk] 4,460,000
 * Dholuo language [luo] 4,410,000
 * Libyan Spoken Arabic language [ayl] 4,320,000
 * Georgian language [kat] 4,260,000
 * Kituba language [ktu] 4,200,000
 * Gheg Albanian language [aln] 4,160,000
 * Lambadi language [lmn] 4,150,000
 * Ganda language [lug] 4,130,000
 * Northern Sotho language [nso] 4,100,000
 * Umbundu language [umb] 4,000,000
 * Wolof language [wol] 3,980,000
 * Kamba language [kam] 3,960,000
 * Domari language [rmt] 3,950,000
 * Lombard language [lmo] 3,900,000
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 * Tachelhit language [shi] 3,890,000
 * Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo language [gax] 3,820,000
 * Mina language [myi] 3,800,000
 * Pulaar language [fuc] 3,690,000
 * Tsonga language [tso] 3,670,000
 * Goan Konkani language [gom] 3,630,000
 * Gulf Spoken Arabic language [afb] 3,600,000
 * Bemba language [bem] 3,600,000
 * Aceh language [ace] 3,500,000
 * Banjar language [bjn] 3,500,000
 * Bugis language [bug] 3,500,000
 * Southern Balochi language [bcc] 3,410,000
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 * Bali language [ban] 3,330,000
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 * Shan language [shn] 3,300,000
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 * Lao language [lao] 3,190,000
 * Lithuanian language [lit] 3,150,000
 * Awadhi language [awa] 3,130,000
 * Kabyle language [kab] 3,130,000
 * Éwé language [ewe] 3,110,000
 * Musi language [mui] 3,105,000
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 * Central Bikol language [bcl] 2,500,000
 * Dotyali language [dty] 2,500,000
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 * Haroti language [hoj] 2,460,000
 * Zarma language [dje] 2,440,000
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 * Konkani language [knn] 2,420,000
 * Ndau language [ndc] 2,380,000
 * Kumaoni language [kfy] 2,360,000
 * Halh Mongolian language [khk] 2,360,000
 * Central Malay language [pse] 2,350,000
 * K'iche' language [quc] 2,330,000
 * Nyankore language [nyn] 2,330,000
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 * Tiv language [tiv] 2,210,000
 * Bosnian language [bos] 2,200,000
 * Nimadi language [noe] 2,150,000
 * Lingala language [lin] 2,140,000
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 * Soninke language [snk] 2,110,000
 * Sasak language [sas] 2,100,000
 * Soga language [xog] 2,060,000
 * Occitan language [oci] 2,050,000
 * Swati language [ssw] 2,030,000
 * Batak Toba language [bbc] 2,000,000
 * Nuosu language [iii] 2,000,000
 * Upper Saxon language [sxu] 2,000,000
 * Yongbei Zhuang language [zyb] 1,980,000
 * Northern Gondi language [gno] 1,950,000
 * Kurux language [kru] 1,950,000
 * Yao language [yao] 1,920,000
 * Pampangan language [pam] 1,910,000
 * Slovene language [slv] 1,910,000
 * Northern Hindko language [hno] 1,880,000
 * Ahirani language [ahr] 1,870,000
 * Dhundari language [dhd] 1,870,000
 * Maay language [ymm] 1,860,000
 * Teso language [teo] 1,850,000
 * Zuojiang Zhuang language [zzj] 1,840,000
 * Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy language [bzc] 1,830,000
 * Yongnan Zhuang language [zyn] 1,810,000
 * Eastern Balochi language [bgp] 1,800,000
 * Western Balochi language [bgn] 1,800,000
 * Amdo Tibetan language [adx] 1,800,000
 * Eastern Yiddish language [ydd] 1,760,000
 * Ibibio language [ibb] 1,750,000
 * Kimîîru language [mer] 1,740,000
 * Tulu language [tcy] 1,720,000
 * Macedonian language [mkd] 1,710,000
 * Wolaytta language [wal] 1,710,000
 * Kangri language [xnr] 1,700,000
 * Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Spoken Arabic language [avl] 1,690,000
 * Chuvash language [chv] 1,670,000
 * Lugbara language [lgg] 1,640,000
 * Kabardian language [kbd] 1,630,000
 * Makasar language [mak] 1,600,000
 * Piemontese language [pms] 1,600,000
 * Chiga language [cgg] 1,580,000
 * Ndebele language [nde] 1,570,000
 * Liujiang Zhuang language [zlj] 1,560,000
 * Luba-Katanga language [lub] 1,510,000
 * Kashkay language [qxq] 1,500,000
 * Lomwe language [ngl] 1,500,000
 * Northern Luri language [lrc] 1,500,000
 * Mende language [men] 1,500,000
 * Cusco Quechua language [quz] 1,500,000
 * Rohingya language [rhg] 1,500,000
 * Guibei Zhuang language [zgb] 1,500,000
 * Lango language [laj] 1,490,000
 * Meitei language [mni] 1,490,000
 * Khams Tibetan language [khg] 1,490,000
 * S'gaw Karen language [ksw] 1,480,000
 * Tày language [tyz] 1,480,000
 * Tarifit language [rif] 1,470,000
 * Surgujia language [sgj] 1,460,000
 * Bashkort language [bak] 1,450,000
 * Fon language [fon] 1,440,000
 * Gogo language [gog] 1,440,000
 * Anaang language [anw] 1,400,000
 * Northern Khmer language [kxm] 1,400,000
 * Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao language [cqd] 1,400,000
 * Tachawit language [shy] 1,400,000
 * Afar language [aar] 1,380,000
 * Alur language [alz] 1,370,000
 * Makhuwa-Meetto language [mgh] 1,350,000
 * Mandinka language [mnk] 1,350,000
 * Chechen language [che] 1,340,000
 * Makonde language [kde] 1,340,000
 * Sena language [seh] 1,340,000
 * Bodo language [brx] 1,330,000
 * Haya language [hay] 1,300,000
 * Standard Latvian language [lvs] 1,300,000
 * Limburgish language [lim] 1,300,000
 * Hadiyya language [hdy] 1,280,000
 * Tsimihety Malagasy language [xmw] 1,280,000
 * Northern Qiandong Miao language [hea] 1,250,000
 * Western Niger Fulfulde language [fuh] 1,230,000
 * Jula language [dyu] 1,230,000
 * Themne language [tem] 1,230,000
 * Acholi language [ach] 1,220,000
 * Fang language [fan] 1,220,000
 * Surjapuri language [sjp] 1,220,000
 * Batak Dairi language [btd] 1,200,000
 * Batak Simalungun language [bts] 1,200,000
 * Eastern Tamang language [taj] 1,200,000
 * Vasavi language [vas] 1,200,000
 * Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang language [zeh] 1,200,000
 * Bedawiyet language [bej] 1,190,000
 * Parauk Wa language [prk] 1,190,000
 * Abron language [abr] 1,180,000
 * Pontic language [pnt] 1,180,000
 * Central Tibetan language [bod] 1,180,000
 * Tswa language [tsc] 1,180,000
 * Kituba language [mkw] 1,160,000
 * Pangasinan language [pag] 1,160,000
 * Serer-Sine language [srr] 1,160,000
 * Chadian Spoken Arabic language [shu] 1,140,000
 * Muong language [mtq] 1,140,000
 * Tumbuka language [tum] 1,140,000
 * Zande language [zne] 1,140,000
 * Tesaka Malagasy language [tkg] 1,130,000
 * Tonga language [toi] 1,130,000
 * Masaaba language [myx] 1,120,000
 * Mundari language [unr] 1,120,000
 * Gamo language [gmv] 1,110,000
 * Nyakyusa-Ngonde language [nyy] 1,110,000
 * Batak Mandailing language [btm] 1,100,000
 * Central Hongshuihe Zhuang language [zch] 1,080,000
 * Susu language [sus] 1,060,000
 * Tausug language [tsg] 1,060,000
 * Venda language [ven] 1,060,000
 * Yombe language [yom] 1,060,000
 * Pwo Eastern Karen language [kjp] 1,050,000
 * Maasai language [mas] 1,050,000
 * Mirpur Panjabi language [pmu] 1,050,000
 * Tigré language [tig] 1,050,000
 * Ho language [hoc] 1,040,000
 * Manyika language [mxc] 1,030,000
 * Ngbaka language [nga] 1,020,000
 * Chokwe language [cjk] 1,010,000
 * Maasina Fulfulde language [ffm] 1,010,000
 * Standard Estonian language [ekk] 1,005,497
 * Bakhtiâri language [bqi] 1,000,000
 * Berom language [bom] 1,000,000
 * Southern Dong language [kmc] 1,000,000
 * Ebira language [igb] 1,000,000
 * Edo language [bin] 1,000,000
 * Ethiopian Sign Language [eth] 1,000,000
 * Garo language [grt] 1,000,000
 * Izon language [ijc] 1,000,000
 * Laki language [lki] 1,000,000
 * Maguindanaon language [mdh] 1,000,000
 * Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy language [bmm] 1,000,000
 * Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy language [tdx] 1,000,000
 * Jambi Malay language [jax] 1,000,000
 * Pattani Malay language [mfa] 1,000,000
 * Mahasu Pahari language [bfz] 1,000,000
 * Songe language [sop] 1,000,000
 * Trinidadian Creole English language [trf] 1,000,000
 * Southern Zazaki language [diq] 1,000,000
 * Guibian Zhuang language [zgn] 1,000,000
 * Gujari language [gju] 992,000
 * Ha language [haq] 990,000
 * Gedeo language [drs] 987,000
 * Central Okinawan language [ryu] 984,000
 * Nyamwezi language [nym] 980,000
 * Dan language [daf] 976,000
 * Kabuverdianu language [kea] 954,000
 * Chuwabu language [chw] 947,000
 * Lisu language [lis] 943,000
 * Silt'e language [stv] 941,000
 * Jingpho language [kac] 940,000
 * Rakhine language [rki] 930,000
 * Adamawa Fulfulde language [fub] 920,000
 * Kui language [kxu] 916,000
 * Talysh language [tly] 915,000
 * Nande language [nnb] 903,000
 * Gorontalo language [gor] 900,000
 * Mandeali language [mjl] 900,000
 * Mongondow language [mog] 900,000
 * Ayacucho Quechua language [quy] 900,000
 * Yaka language [yaf] 900,000
 * Ngambay language [sba] 896,000
 * Ngaju language [nij] 890,000
 * Nuer language [nus] 888,000
 * Kachchi language [kfr] 883,000
 * Vlax Romani language [rmy] 883,000
 * Southern Luri language [luz] 875,000
 * Kafa language [kbr] 870,000
 * Youjiang Zhuang language [zyj] 870,000
 * San Salvador Kongo language [kwy] 865,000
 * Cebaara Sénoufo language [sef] 862,000
 * Anyin language [any] 860,000
 * Bulu language [bum] 858,000
 * Western Maninkakan language [mlq] 858,000
 * Nung language [nut] 856,000
 * Omani Spoken Arabic language [acx] 854,000
 * Mon language [mnw] 851,000
 * Kalanga language [kck] 850,000
 * Manado Malay language [xmm] 850,000
 * Guadeloupean Creole French language [gcf] 849,000
 * Bagri language [bgq] 847,000
 * Farefare language [gur] 845,000
 * Khasi language [kha] 843,000
 * Newar language [new] 839,000
 * Phu Thai language [pht] 833,000
 * Lampung Api language [ljp] 827,000
 * Iu Mien language [ium] 826,000
 * Q'eqchi' language [kek] 824,000
 * Western Xiangxi Miao language [mmr] 820,000
 * Swabian language [swg] 819,000
 * Gourmanchéma language [gux] 813,000
 * Yangbye language [ybd] 810,000
 * Ndonga language [ndo] 807,000
 * Morisyen language [mfe] 806,000
 * Hehe language [heh] 805,000
 * Juray language [juy] 801,000
 * Central Bai language [bca] 800,000
 * Dagbani language [dag] 800,000
 * Dangme language [ada] 800,000
 * Igala language [igl] 800,000
 * Nupe-Nupe-Tako language [nup] 800,000
 * Chimborazo Highland Quichua language [qug] 800,000
 * Avar language [ava] 789,000
 * Swahili language [swh] 788,000
 * Lezgi language [lez] 784,000
 * Kok Borok language [trp] 783,000
 * Maranao language [mrw] 776,000
 * Nias language [nia] 770,000
 * Yucatec Maya language [yua] 766,000
 * Yang Zhuang language [zyg] 765,000
 * Kambaata language [ktb] 764,000
 * Tai Dam language [blt] 764,000
 * Lendu language [led] 761,000
 * Chopi language [cce] 760,000
 * Hani language [hni] 759,000
 * Nsenga language [nse] 752,000
 * Batak Angkola language [akb] 750,000
 * Tetela language [tll] 750,000
 * Angika language [anp] 741,000
 * Mamara Sénoufo language [myk] 738,000
 * Kabiyè language [kbp] 730,000
 * Lozi language [loz] 723,000
 * Ronga language [rng] 722,000
 * Tai Nüa language [tdd] 717,000
 * Lü language [khb] 702,000
 * Southern Dagaare language [dga] 700,000
 * Gbagyi language [gbr] 700,000
 * Guyanese Creole English language [gyn] 700,000
 * North Moluccan Malay language [max] 700,000
 * Parsi-Dari language [prd] 700,000
 * Erzya language [myv] 697,000
 * Iban language [iba] 694,000
 * Luguru language [ruf] 692,000
 * Mizo language [lus] 688,000
 * Bhilali language [bhi] 681,000
 * Mambwe-Lungu language [mgr] 674,000
 * Dangaura Tharu language [thl] 674,000
 * Bena language [bez] 670,000
 * Oshiwambo language [kua] 668,000
 * Hlai language [lic] 667,000
 * Nyoro language [nyo] 667,000
 * Shambala language [ksb] 664,000
 * Tanzania Nyiha language [nih] 662,000
 * Basque language [eus] 659,000
 * Shi language [shr] 654,000
 * Aimaq language [aiq] 650,000
 * Mewati language [wtm] 645,000
 * Ndebele language [nbl] 640,000
 * Tawallammat Tamajaq language [ttq] 640,000
 * Capiznon language [cps] 639,000
 * Pauri Bareli language [bfb] 638,000
 * Awngi language [awn] 632,000
 * Luvale language [lue] 632,000
 * Lunda language [lun] 628,000
 * Southern Hindko language [hnd] 625,000
 * Rusyn language [rue] 624,000
 * Kigiryama language [nyf] 623,000
 * Mangbetu language [mdj] 620,000
 * Balkan Romani language [rmn] 620,000
 * Makhuwa-Shirima language [vmk] 618,000
 * Moksha language [mdf] 614,000
 * Hmong Daw language [mww] 613,000
 * Konzo language [koo] 609,000
 * Nobiin language [fia] 605,000
 * Kuria language [kuj] 604,000
 * Batak Karo language [btx] 600,000
 * Ga language [gaa] 600,000
 * Hawai'i Creole English language [hwc] 600,000
 * Idoma language [idu] 600,000
 * Lingao language [onb] 600,000
 * Bara Malagasy language [bhr] 600,000
 * Varli language [vav] 600,000
 * Walloon language [wln] 600,000
 * Mochi language [old] 597,000
 * Nyaturu language [rim] 595,000
 * Halbi language [hlb] 593,000
 * Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo language [izi] 593,000
 * Gronings language [gos] 592,000
 * Aringa language [luc] 589,000
 * Uab Meto language [aoz] 586,000
 * Bisa language [bib] 582,000
 * Lala-Bisa language [leb] 580,000
 * Gun language [guw] 579,000
 * Wadiyara Koli language [kxp] 579,000
 * Ewondo language [ewo] 578,000
 * Braj Bhasha language [bra] 574,000
 * Korku language [kfq] 574,000
 * Kachi Koli language [gjk] 570,000
 * Lubukusu language [bxk] 565,000
 * Akha language [ahk] 564,000
 * Pa'o Karen language [blk] 561,000
 * Baatonum language [bba] 560,000
 * Réunion Creole French language [rcf] 555,000
 * Mising language [mrg] 551,000
 * Konkomba language [xon] 550,000
 * Masikoro Malagasy language [msh] 550,000
 * Urhobo language [urh] 546,000
 * Dawro language [dwr] 543,000
 * Mam language [mam] 538,000
 * Welsh language [cym] 538,000
 * Eastern Magar language [mgp] 534,000
 * Malayic Dayak language [xdy] 520,000
 * Dargwa language [dar] 516,000
 * Aja language [ajg] 512,000
 * Isekiri language [its] 510,000
 * Tanosy Malagasy language [txy] 510,000
 * Havu language [hav] 506,000
 * Ligurian language [lij] 505,000
 * Fur language [fvr] 502,000
 * Osetin language [oss] 501,000
 * Asu language [asa] 500,000
 * Bima language [bhp] 500,000
 * Ibanag language [ibg] 500,000
 * Papuan Malay language [pmy] 500,000
 * Manggarai language [mqy] 500,000
 * Southern Qiandong Miao language [hms] 500,000
 * Mingrelian language [xmf] 500,000
 * Wusa Nasu language [yig] 500,000
 * Puno Quechua language [qxp] 500,000
 * Logudorese Sardinian language [src] 500,000
 * Toraja-Sa'dan language [sda] 500,000
 * Nong Zhuang language [zhn] 500,000
 * Adyghe language [ady] 499,000
 * Kalmyk-Oirat language [xal] 499,000
 * Krio language [kri] 493,000
 * Tai Dón language [twh] 490,000
 * Kuy language [kdt] 489,000
 * Tooro language [ttj] 488,000
 * Liberia Kpelle language [xpe] 487,000
 * Rana Tharu language [thr] 486,000
 * Upper Guinea Crioulo language [pov] 483,000
 * Bari language [bfa] 480,000
 * Manga Kanuri language [kby] 480,000
 * Khmu language [kjg] 480,000
 * Udmurt language [udm] 480,000
 * Crimean Tatar language [crh] 479,000
 * Waci Gbe language [wci] 476,000
 * Turkana language [tuv] 476,000
 * Carpathian Romani language [rmc] 472,000
 * Kipsigis language [sgc] 471,000
 * Komering language [kge] 470,000
 * Munda language [unx] 469,000
 * Mwera language [mwe] 469,000
 * Western Frisian language [fry] 467,000
 * Northern Dong language [doc] 463,000
 * Makhuwa-Marrevone language [xmc] 463,000
 * Iraqw language [irk] 462,000
 * Kanembu language [kbl] 461,000
 * Meadow Mari language [mhr] 460,000
 * Nilamba language [nim] 455,000
 * Kaqchikel language [cak] 451,000
 * Rathawi language [rtw] 451,000
 * Southwestern Dinka language [dik] 450,000
 * Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde language [fuq] 450,000
 * Kenzi language [xnz] 450,000
 * Tetun language [tet] 450,000
 * Lahu language [lhu] 446,000
 * Plautdietsch language [pdt] 445,000
 * Lobi language [lob] 442,000
 * Sebat Bet Gurage language [sgw] 440,000
 * Nyungwe language [nyu] 439,000
 * Kusaal language [kus] 437,000
 * Kita Maninkakan language [mwk] 434,000
 * Sanga language [sng] 431,000
 * Koyraboro Senni Songhay language [ses] 430,000
 * Kiembu language [ebu] 429,000
 * Powari language [pwr] 426,000
 * Balanta-Kentohe language [ble] 423,000
 * Isoko language [iso] 423,000
 * Kumyk language [kum] 423,000
 * Karbi language [mjw] 420,000
 * Phende language [pem] 420,000
 * Ingush language [inh] 413,000
 * Jola-Fonyi language [dyo] 413,000
 * Karakalpak language [kaa] 413,000
 * Hadrami Spoken Arabic language [ayh] 410,000
 * Luyana language [lyn] 410,000
 * Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl language [nhe] 410,000
 * Bassa language [bsq] 409,000
 * Gwere language [gwr] 409,000
 * Chamari language [cdg] 406,000
 * Efik language [efi] 405,000
 * Sango language [sag] 404,000
 * Southern Bai language [bfs] 400,000
 * Khorasani Turkish language [kmz] 400,000
 * Komo language [kmw] 400,000
 * Lega-Shabunda language [lea] 400,000
 * Mongo-Nkundu language [lol] 400,000
 * Mumuye language [mzm] 400,000
 * Far Western Muria language [fmu] 400,000
 * Western Muria language [mut] 400,000
 * Western Huasteca Nahuatl language [nhw] 400,000
 * Ngas language [anc] 400,000
 * Nyambo language [now] 400,000
 * Sirmauri language [srx] 400,000
 * Surigaonon language [sgd] 400,000
 * Tavoyan language [tvn] 400,000
 * Inakeanon language [akl] 395,000
 * Bantawa language [bap] 390,000
 * Kenyi language [lke] 390,000
 * Northern Dagara language [dgi] 388,000
 * Maltese language [mlt] 387,000
 * Taabwa language [tap] 382,000
 * Attié language [ati] 381,000
 * Dazaga language [dzg] 381,000
 * Fiji Hindi language [hif] 380,000
 * Lolopo language [ycl] 380,000
 * Kinaray-a language [krj] 378,000
 * Kim Mun language [mji] 375,000
 * Tonga language [toh] 375,000
 * Limbu language [lif] 371,000
 * Maldivian language [div] 371,000
 * Samoan language [smo] 370,000
 * Liuqian Zhuang language [zlq] 370,000
 * Russia Buriat language [bxr] 369,000
 * Bench language [bcq] 368,000
 * Gofa language [gof] 363,000
 * Yakut language [sah] 363,000
 * Koya language [kff] 362,000
 * Mbandja language [zmz] 362,000
 * Masalit language [mls] 361,000
 * Adhola language [adh] 360,000
 * Saint Lucian Creole French language [acf] 359,000
 * Zigula language [ziw] 355,000
 * Judeo-Tunisian Arabic language [ajt] 353,000
 * Gbari language [gby] 350,000
 * Langi language [lag] 350,000
 * Sakalava Malagasy language [skg] 350,000
 * Masbatenyo language [msb] 350,000
 * Eastern Qiandong Miao language [hmq] 350,000
 * Pengo language [peg] 350,000
 * Rejang language [rej] 350,000
 * Supyire Sénoufo language [spp] 350,000
 * Campidanese Sardinian language [sro] 345,000
 * Tedim Chin language [ctd] 344,000
 * Nyole language [nuj] 341,000
 * Bangka language [mfb] 340,000
 * Kenyan Sign Language [xki] 340,000
 * Fijian language [fij] 337,000
 * Huaylas Ancash Quechua language [qwh] 336,000
 * West-Central Limba language [lia] 335,000
 * Saamia language [lsm] 335,000
 * Pökoot language [pko] 334,000
 * Shina language [scl] 334,000
 * Guro language [goa] 332,000
 * Kendayan language [knx] 332,000
 * Balkan Gagauz Turkish language [bgx] 331,000
 * Antankarana Malagasy language [xmv] 330,000
 * Nzema language [nzi] 329,000
 * Borgu Fulfulde language [fue] 328,000
 * Gen language [gej] 327,000
 * Northern Kissi language [kqs] 327,000
 * Chakma language [ccp] 326,000
 * Parsi language [prp] 326,000
 * Kuranko language [knk] 323,000
 * Western Tamang language [tdg] 323,000
 * Western Cham language [cja] 321,000
 * Luxembourgeois language [ltz] 321,000
 * Wayuu language [guc] 321,000
 * Northeastern Dinka language [dip] 320,000
 * Sinte Romani language [rmo] 319,000
 * Mandjak language [mfv] 315,000
 * Ma'di language [mhi] 314,000
 * Tee language [tkq] 313,000
 * Southern Bobo Madaré language [bwq] 312,000
 * Ngazidja Comorian language [zdj] 312,000
 * Dawida language [dav] 312,000
 * Baharna Spoken Arabic language [abv] 310,000
 * Hmong Njua language [hnj] 310,000
 * Wasa language [wss] 309,000
 * Guinea Kpelle language [gkp] 308,000
 * Western Magar language [mrd] 308,000
 * Tem language [kdh] 307,000
 * Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi language [ida] 306,000
 * Phuan language [phu] 306,000
 * Chidigo language [dig] 305,000
 * Karachay-Balkar language [krc] 301,000
 * Anyin Morofo language [mtb] 300,000
 * Miraya Bikol language [rbl] 300,000
 * Esan language [ish] 300,000
 * Friulian language [fur] 300,000
 * Fuliiru language [flr] 300,000
 * Gayo language [gay] 300,000
 * Jju language [kaj] 300,000
 * Kamwe language [hig] 300,000
 * Central Lalo language [ywt] 300,000
 * Machame language [jmc] 300,000
 * Large Flowery Miao language [hmd] 300,000
 * Muna language [mnb] 300,000
 * Naxi language [nxq] 300,000
 * Nyaneka language [nyk] 300,000
 * Osing language [osi] 300,000
 * Imbabura Highland Quichua language [qvi] 300,000
 * Sumbawa language [smw] 300,000
 * Tarok language [yer] 300,000
 * Tobagonian Creole English language [tgh] 300,000
 * Vunjo language [vun] 300,000
 * Waxianghua language [wxa] 300,000
 * Yemba language [ybb] 300,000
 * Bemba language [bmy] 296,000
 * Maba language [mde] 296,000
 * Bilaspuri language [kfs] 295,000
 * Mwaghavul language [sur] 295,000
 * Chavacano language [cbk] 293,000
 * Wè Southern language [gxx] 293,000
 * Mbunda language [mck] 291,000
 * Balti language [bft] 290,000
 * Lewotobi language [lwt] 289,000
 * Alaba-K'abeena language [alw] 286,000
 * Kerinci language [kvr] 285,000
 * Tzeltal language [tzh] 285,000
 * Gamit language [gbl] 284,000
 * Tamasheq language [taq] 281,000
 * Tolaki language [lbw] 281,000
 * Inor language [ior] 280,000
 * Kokola language [kzn] 280,000
 * Naba language [mne] 278,000
 * Ndzwani Comorian language [wni] 275,000
 * Northwest Gbaya language [gya] 275,000
 * Yekhee language [ets] 274,000
 * Ruching Palaung language [pce] 272,000
 * Thado Chin language [tcz] 270,000
 * Malawi Sena language [swk] 270,000
 * Xamtanga language [xan] 268,000
 * Brunei language [kxd] 266,000
 * Southeastern Dinka language [dks] 266,000
 * Tuva language [tyv] 264,000
 * Papiamentu language [pap] 263,000
 * Jarai language [jra] 262,000
 * Terik language [tec] 262,000
 * Ao Naga language [njo] 261,000
 * Nyamwanga language [mwn] 261,000
 * West Albay Bikol language [fbl] 260,000
 * Ghomálá' language [bbj] 260,000
 * Karamojong language [kdj] 260,000
 * Judeo-Moroccan Arabic language [aju] 259,000
 * Bajan language [bjs] 259,000
 * Mann language [mev] 259,000
 * Bu-Nao Bunu language [bwx] 258,000
 * Kalabari language [ijn] 258,000
 * Mapudungun language [arn] 258,000
 * Konyak Naga language [nbe] 258,000
 * Kochila Tharu language [thq] 258,000
 * Kistane language [gru] 255,000
 * Sangir language [sxn] 255,000
 * Savara language [svr] 253,000
 * Sora language [srb] 253,000
 * Bembe language [bmb] 252,000
 * Dubli language [dub] 252,000
 * Ruund language [rnd] 252,000
 * Sinicized Miao language [hmz] 252,000
 * Nama language [naq] 251,000
 * Bade language [bde] 250,000
 * Bura-Pabir language [bwr] 250,000
 * South Central Dinka language [dib] 250,000
 * Igede language [ige] 250,000
 * Kasem language [xsm] 250,000
 * Parkari Koli language [kvx] 250,000
 * Kölsch language [ksh] 250,000
 * Konso language [kxc] 250,000
 * Lipo language [lpo] 250,000
 * Malawi Lomwe language [lon] 250,000
 * Northern Ngbandi language [ngb] 250,000
 * Ngiemboon language [nnh] 250,000
 * Huaylla Wanca Quechua language [qvw] 250,000
 * Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua language [qxn] 250,000
 * Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua language [qxo] 250,000
 * Sea Island Creole English language [gul] 250,000
 * Sehwi language [sfw] 250,000
 * Tae' language [rob] 250,000
 * Tayart Tamajeq language [thz] 250,000
 * Tewe language [twx] 250,000
 * Wuding-Luquan Yi language [ywq] 250,000
 * Kirike language [okr] 248,000
 * Chiduruma language [dug] 247,000
 * Pnar language [pbv] 247,000
 * Ambonese Malay language [abs] 245,000
 * Kaonde language [kqn] 243,000
 * Kharia language [khr] 242,000
 * Khowar language [khw] 242,000
 * Kagulu language [kki] 241,000
 * Icelandic language [isl] 238,000
 * Herero language [her] 237,000
 * Mundang language [mua] 236,000
 * Aari language [aiw] 235,000
 * Kambera language [xbr] 235,000
 * Tzotzil language [tzo] 235,000
 * Rinconada Bikol language [bto] 234,000
 * Ledo Kaili language [lew] 234,000
 * Kom language [bkm] 233,000
 * Masana language [mcn] 233,000
 * Nyemba language [nba] 232,000
 * Sauria Paharia language [mjt] 232,000
 * Basaa language [bas] 230,000
 * Enga language [enq] 230,000
 * Gonja language [gjn] 230,000
 * Nyishi language [njz] 230,000
 * Musey language [mse] 229,000
 * Tupuri language [tui] 229,000
 * Chitwania Tharu language [the] 228,000
 * Ayizo Gbe language [ayb] 227,000
 * Eastern Gurung language [ggn] 227,000
 * Budza language [bja] 226,000
 * Bahamas Creole English language [bah] 225,000
 * Breton language [bre] 225,000
 * Marka language [rkm] 225,000
 * Saho language [ssy] 224,000
 * Klao language [klu] 223,000
 * Ngoni language [ngo] 223,000
 * Mbwela language [mfu] 222,000
 * Southwest Gbaya language [gso] 220,000
 * Indus Kohistani language [mvy] 220,000
 * Mampruli language [maw] 220,000
 * Manza language [mzv] 220,000
 * Marwari language [mve] 220,000
 * Ndali language [ndh] 220,000
 * Ngando language [nxd] 220,000
 * Ngindo language [nnq] 220,000
 * Takestani language [tks] 220,000
 * Zeeuws language [zea] 220,000
 * Southern Aymara language [ayc] 219,000
 * Lamba language [lam] 219,000
 * Bhatri language [bgw] 217,000
 * Komi-Zyrian language [kpv] 217,000
 * Chaldean Neo-Aramaic language [cld] 216,000
 * Bamun language [bax] 215,000
 * Southern Sama language [ssb] 215,000
 * Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language [aii] 214,000
 * Makhuwa-Saka language [xsq] 212,000
 * Pwo Western Karen language [pwo] 210,000
 * Logo language [log] 210,000
 * Lucazi language [lch] 210,000
 * Tenggarong Kutai Malay language [vkt] 210,000
 * Medumba language [byv] 210,000
 * Nafusi language [jbn] 210,000
 * Southern Nisu language [nsd] 210,000
 * Berta language [wti] 209,000
 * Chodri language [cdi] 209,000
 * Albanian Sign Language [sqk] 205,000
 * Jita language [jit] 205,000
 * Kono language [kno] 205,000
 * Angloromani language [rme] 203,000
 * Ibali Teke language [tek] 203,000
 * Extremaduran language [ext] 202,000
 * Koromfé language [kfz] 202,000
 * Adivasi Oriya language [ort] 202,000
 * Bantoanon language [bno] 200,000
 * Bwa language [bww] 200,000
 * Dongxiang language [sce] 200,000
 * Ekit language [eke] 200,000
 * Gbaya-Bossangoa language [gbp] 200,000
 * Gera language [gew] 200,000
 * Goemai language [ank] 200,000
 * Hunde language [hke] 200,000
 * Ikwere language [ikw] 200,000
 * Irula language [iru] 200,000
 * Kanyok language [kny] 200,000
 * Khana language [ogo] 200,000
 * Southern Kisi language [kss] 200,000
 * Kodava language [kfa] 200,000
 * Latgalian language [ltg] 200,000
 * Makhuwa-Moniga language [mhm] 200,000
 * Kupang Malay language [mkn] 200,000
 * Mandar language [mdr] 200,000
 * Dandami Maria language [daq] 200,000
 * Mbala language [mdp] 200,000
 * Eastern Muria language [emu] 200,000
 * Southern Nago language [nqg] 200,000
 * Central Huasteca Nahuatl language [nch] 200,000
 * Obolo language [ann] 200,000
 * Ogbia language [ogb] 200,000
 * Picard language [pcd] 200,000
 * Eastern Apurímac Quechua language [qve] 200,000
 * Romblomanon language [rol] 200,000
 * Rufiji language [rui] 200,000
 * Kohistani Shina language [plk] 200,000
 * Koyra Chiini Songhay language [khq] 200,000
 * Sui language [swi] 200,000
 * Qiubei Zhuang language [zqe] 200,000
 * Gumuz language [guk] 199,000
 * Bharia language [bha] 197,000
 * Jenaama Bozo language [bze] 197,000
 * Lulogooli language [rag] 197,000
 * Garifuna language [cab] 196,000
 * Lahu Shi language [lhi] 196,000
 * Batak Alas-Kluet language [btz] 195,000
 * Fipa language [fip] 195,000
 * Kunda language [kdn] 194,000
 * Panchpargania language [tdb] 194,000
 * Urum language [uum] 193,000
 * Kunama language [kun] 192,000
 * Navajo language [nav] 192,000
 * Moba language [mfq] 191,000
 * Sumbwa language [suw] 191,000
 * Kakwa language [keo] 190,000
 * Southern Lolopo language [ysp] 190,000
 * Ngbaka Ma'bo language [nbm] 190,000
 * Buamu language [box] 186,000
 * Kaduo language [ktp] 185,000
 * Pogolo language [poy] 185,000
 * Saurashtra language [saz] 185,000
 * Southern Sorsoganon language [srv] 185,000
 * Gambian Wolof language [wof] 185,000
 * Banda-Bambari language [liy] 183,000
 * Mískito language [miq] 183,000
 * Rade language [rad] 183,000
 * Sar language [mwm] 183,000
 * Ifè language [ife] 182,000
 * Hemba language [hem] 181,000
 * Kupsabiny language [kpz] 181,000
 * Marma language [rmz] 181,000
 * Takwane language [tke] 181,000
 * Andaandi language [dgl] 180,000
 * Awutu language [afu] 180,000
 * Budu language [buu] 180,000
 * Western Dani language [dnw] 180,000
 * Bagirmi Fulfulde language [fui] 180,000
 * Gagauz language [gag] 180,000
 * Kela language [kel] 180,000
 * Kannada Kurumba language [kfi] 180,000
 * Lampung Nyo language [abl] 180,000
 * Madagascar Sign Language [mzc] 180,000
 * Lama language [las] 177,000
 * Huba language [hbb] 175,000
 * Shilluk language [shk] 175,000
 * Sika language [ski] 175,000
 * Kumam language [kdi] 174,000
 * Samburu language [saq] 174,000
 * Suba language [sxb] 174,000
 * Manyawa language [mny] 173,000
 * Minz Zhuang language [zgm] 173,000
 * Romano-Serbian language [rsb] 172,000
 * Sô language [sss] 172,000
 * Waddar language [wbq] 172,000
 * Bangubangu language [bnx] 171,000
 * Dzongkha language [dzo] 171,000
 * Abé language [aba] 170,000
 * Lotha Naga language [njh] 170,000
 * Ogbah language [ogc] 170,000
 * Tonga language [tog] 170,000
 * Dhodia language [dho] 169,000
 * Mahou language [mxx] 169,000
 * Zaghawa language [zag] 169,000
 * Southern Nuni language [nnw] 168,000
 * Konyanka Maninka language [mku] 167,000
 * Seba language [kdg] 167,000
 * Caribbean Hindustani language [hns] 166,000
 * Marghi South language [mfm] 166,000
 * Oraon Sadri language [sdr] 166,000
 * Binji language [bpj] 165,000
 * Loma language [lom] 165,000
 * Maria language [mrr] 165,000
 * Mpuono language [zmp] 165,000
 * Rabha language [rah] 165,000
 * Lak language [lbe] 164,000
 * Gulay language [gvl] 163,000
 * Ikposo language [kpo] 163,000
 * Lolo language [llb] 162,000
 * Simaa language [sie] 162,000
 * Markweeta language [enb] 161,000
 * Kele language [khy] 160,000
 * Northern Nisu language [yiv] 160,000
 * Southeast Pashayi language [psi] 160,000
 * Ruuli language [ruc] 160,000
 * Yemsa language [jnj] 160,000
 * Bahnar language [bdq] 158,000
 * Bomu language [bmq] 158,000
 * Western Gurung language [gvr] 158,000
 * Kuvi language [kxv] 158,000
 * Marghi Central language [mrt] 158,000
 * Me'en language [mym] 158,000
 * Safwa language [sbk] 158,000
 * Tshangla language [tsj] 158,000
 * Koorete language [kqy] 157,000
 * Ntcham language [bud] 157,000
 * Lenje language [leh] 156,000
 * Wè Northern language [wob] 156,000
 * Bushoong language [buf] 155,000
 * Ding language [diz] 155,000
 * Syenara Sénoufo language [shz] 155,000
 * Choni language [cda] 154,000
 * South Central Banda language [lnl] 153,000
 * Bata language [bta] 153,000
 * Shubi language [suj] 153,000
 * Tu language [mjg] 152,000
 * Judeo-Iraqi Arabic language [yhd] 151,700
 * Antigua and Barbuda Creole English language [aig] 151,300
 * Bacama language [bcy] 150,000
 * Indonesian Bajau language [bdl] 150,000
 * Gagnoa Bété language [btg] 150,000
 * Koronadal Blaan language [bpr] 150,000
 * Buli language [bwu] 150,000
 * Hangaza language [han] 150,000
 * Kankanaey language [kne] 150,000
 * Karekare language [kai] 150,000
 * Western Kayah language [kyu] 150,000
 * Highland Konjo language [kjk] 150,000
 * Lamaholot language [slp] 150,000
 * Ma'anyan language [mhy] 150,000
 * Matengo language [mgv] 150,000
 * Guerrero Nahuatl language [ngu] 150,000
 * Wumeng Nasu language [ywu] 150,000
 * Ngombe language [ngc] 150,000
 * Nkumbi language [khu] 150,000
 * Nyanga language [nyj] 150,000
 * Shwe Palaung language [pll] 150,000
 * Tembo language [tbt] 150,000
 * Tontemboan language [tnt] 150,000
 * Tsuvadi language [tvd] 150,000
 * Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni language [ukw] 150,000
 * Dhatki language [mki] 148,000
 * Ditammari language [tbz] 148,000
 * Marba language [mpg] 148,000
 * Cao Lan language [mlc] 147,000
 * Davawenyo language [daw] 147,000
 * Nawdm language [nmz] 146,000
 * Nkoya language [nka] 146,000
 * Col language [liw] 145,000
 * Bokyi language [bky] 144,000
 * Toma language [tod] 144,000
 * Tugen language [tuy] 144,000
 * Sabaot language [spy] 143,000
 * Ahanta language [aha] 142,000
 * Tangkhul Naga language [nmf] 142,000
 * Central Dusun language [dtp] 141,000
 * Mafa language [maf] 141,000
 * Argobba language [agj] 140,000
 * Eggon language [ego] 140,000
 * Honi language [how] 140,000
 * Kinga language [zga] 140,000
 * Papel language [pbo] 140,000
 * Central Subanen language [syb] 140,000
 * Northern Zazaki language [kiu] 140,000
 * Dhanki language [dhn] 139,000
 * Kitharaka language [thk] 139,000
 * Rumai Palaung language [rbb] 139,000
 * Amis language [ami] 138,000
 * Anuak language [anu] 138,000
 * Anufo language [cko] 138,000
 * Falam Chin language [cfm] 138,000
 * Mro-Khimi Chin language [cmr] 138,000
 * Loko language [lok] 138,000
 * Tagwana Sénoufo language [tgw] 138,000
 * Vincentian Creole English language [svc] 138,000
 * Wali language [wlx] 138,000
 * Zinza language [zin] 138,000
 * Arpitan language [frp] 137,000
 * Pennsylvania German language [pdc] 137,000
 * Mehri language [gdq] 136,000
 * Badaga language [bfq] 135,000
 * Southern Catanduanes Bikol language [bln] 135,000
 * Njebi language [nzb] 135,000
 * Otuho language [lot] 135,000
 * Pardhan language [pch] 135,000
 * Western Highland Purepecha language [pua] 135,000
 * Sherbro language [bun] 135,000
 * Chol language [ctu] 134,000
 * Itawit language [itv] 134,000
 * Ndo language [ndp] 134,000
 * Tomo Kan Dogon language [dtm] 133,000
 * Ngäbere language [gym] 133,000
 * Ikizu language [ikz] 132,000
 * Angami Naga language [njm] 132,000
 * Ngulu language [ngp] 132,000
 * Punu language [puu] 132,000
 * Algerian Saharan Spoken Arabic language [aao] 131,000
 * Huastec language [hus] 131,000
 * Xaasongaxango language [kao] 131,000
 * Daloa Bété language [bev] 130,000
 * Guiberoua Bété language [bet] 130,000
 * Bokoto language [bdt] 130,000
 * Chambeali language [cdh] 130,000
 * Jamsay Dogon language [djm] 130,000
 * Li'o language [ljl] 130,000
 * Lyélé language [lee] 130,000
 * Melpa language [med] 130,000
 * Rajbanshi language [rjs] 130,000
 * Tangale language [tan] 130,000
 * Teke-Tsaayi language [tyi] 130,000
 * Tukang Besi South language [bhq] 130,000
 * Tyap language [kcg] 130,000
 * Southern Birifor language [biv] 129,000
 * Koho language [kpm] 129,000
 * Tabassaran language [tab] 129,000
 * Tene Kan Dogon language [dtk] 127,000
 * Sranan language [srn] 126,000
 * Tongan language [ton] 126,000
 * Amri Karbi language [ajz] 125,000
 * Banggai language [bgz] 125,000
 * Eastern Bru language [bru] 125,000
 * Haka Chin language [cnh] 125,000
 * Hema language [nix] 125,000
 * Coastal Konjo language [kjc] 125,000
 * Lamnso' language [lns] 125,000
 * Highland Puebla Nahuatl language [azz] 125,000
 * Fe'fe' language [fmp] 124,000
 * Tahitian language [tah] 124,000
 * Aromanian language [rup] 123,000
 * Cuyonon language [cyo] 123,000
 * Phom Naga language [nph] 123,000
 * Rawang language [raw] 123,000
 * Maore Comorian language [swb] 122,000
 * Northwestern Kolami language [kfb] 122,000
 * Tok Pisin language [tpi] 122,000
 * Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma language [coh] 121,000
 * Khün language [kkh] 121,000
 * Suundi language [sdj] 121,000
 * Bera language [brf] 120,000
 * Bimoba language [bim] 120,000
 * Biyo language [byo] 120,000
 * Lokaa language [yaz] 120,000
 * Orizaba Nahuatl language [nlv] 120,000
 * Olunyole language [nyd] 120,000
 * Highland Totonac language [tos] 120,000
 * Tukang Besi North language [khc] 120,000
 * Vai language [vai] 120,000
 * Wojenaka language [jod] 120,000
 * Dai Zhuang language [zhd] 120,000
 * Zimba language [zmb] 120,000
 * Bangi language [bni] 119,000
 * Kako language [kkj] 119,000
 * Bishnupriya language [bpy] 118,500
 * Tieyaxo Bozo language [boz] 118,000
 * Abkhaz language [abk] 117,000
 * Ejagham language [etu] 117,000
 * Ladakhi language [lbj] 117,000
 * North Bolivian Quechua language [qul] 116,000
 * Kuman language [kue] 115,000
 * Kwaya language [kya] 115,000
 * Ron language [cla] 115,000
 * Shempire Sénoufo language [seb] 115,000
 * Irish language [gle] 114,000
 * Saafi-Saafi language [sav] 114,000
 * Central Melanau language [mel] 113,280
 * Dimasa language [dis] 112,000
 * Ladino language [lad] 112,000
 * Cherepon language [cpn] 111,000
 * Churahi language [cdj] 111,000
 * Ibaloi language [ibl] 111,000
 * Keiyo language [eyo] 111,000
 * Kukna language [kex] 111,000
 * Mom Jango language [ver] 111,000
 * Asturian language [ast] 110,000
 * Belize Kriol English language [bzj] 110,000
 * Boko language [bqc] 110,000
 * Bukharic language [bhh] 110,000
 * Tornedalen Finnish language [fit] 110,000
 * Gaddi language [gbk] 110,000
 * Kangean language [kkv] 110,000
 * Kofyar language [kwl] 110,000
 * Ndengereko language [ndg] 110,000
 * Sabu language [hvn] 110,000
 * Yakoma language [yky] 110,000
 * Zaiwa language [atb] 110,000
 * Kullu Pahari language [kfx] 109,000
 * Southwestern Tamang language [tsf] 109,000
 * Malba Birifor language [bfo] 108,000
 * Mbosi language [mdw] 108,000
 * Southwest Pashayi language [psh] 108,000
 * Bandi language [bza] 107,000
 * Gola language [gol] 107,000
 * Kataang language [kgd] 107,000
 * Samba Daka language [ccg] 107,000
 * Yakan language [yka] 107,000
 * Mbere language [mdt] 106,000
 * Oroko language [bdu] 106,000
 * Pamona language [pmf] 106,000
 * Kathoriya Tharu language [tkt] 106,000
 * Bafut language [bfd] 105,000
 * Nambya language [nmq] 105,000
 * Southern Ngbandi language [nbw] 105,000
 * Central Sama language [sml] 105,000
 * Matya Samo language [stj] 105,000
 * Tumulung Sisaala language [sil] 105,000
 * Tai Daeng language [tyr] 105,000
 * Yalunka language [yal] 105,000
 * Bondoukou Kulango language [kzc] 104,000
 * Lhao Vo language [mhx] 104,000
 * Sumi Naga language [nsm] 104,000
 * Mid-Southern Banda language [bjo] 102,000
 * Banda-Banda language [bpd] 102,000
 * Bhattiyali language [bht] 102,000
 * Yocoboué Dida language [gud] 102,000
 * Tadaksahak language [dsq] 102,000
 * Rathwi Bareli language [bgd] 101,000
 * Tera language [ttr] 101,000
 * Adi language [adi] 100,000
 * Adioukrou language [adj] 100,000
 * Akoose language [bss] 100,000
 * Arbëreshë Albanian language [aae] 100,000
 * Andh language [anr] 100,000
 * Axi language [yix] 100,000
 * Bakumpai language [bkr] 100,000
 * Basa language [bzw] 100,000
 * Bekwarra language [bkv] 100,000
 * Binukid language [bkd] 100,000
 * Bole language [bol] 100,000
 * Bolia language [bli] 100,000
 * Bunak language [bfn] 100,000
 * Che language [ruk] 100,000
 * Cibak language [ckl] 100,000
 * Cishingini language [asg] 100,000
 * Danu language [dnv] 100,000
 * Dibo language [dio] 100,000
 * Dungra Bhil language [duh] 100,000
 * Ede Idaca language [idd] 100,000
 * Ekari language [ekg] 100,000
 * Emai-Iuleha-Ora language [ema] 100,000
 * Adiwasi Garasia language [gas] 100,000
 * Rajput Garasia language [gra] 100,000
 * Kotafon Gbe language [kqk] 100,000
 * Gepo language [ygp] 100,000
 * Gokana language [gkn] 100,000
 * Southern Gondi language [ggo] 100,000
 * Hyam language [jab] 100,000
 * Jadgali language [jdg] 100,000
 * Jaunsari language [jns] 100,000
 * Jur Modo language [bex] 100,000
 * Kemak language [kem] 100,000
 * Kerewe language [ked] 100,000
 * Lawangan language [lbx] 100,000
 * Lengola language [lej] 100,000
 * Mada language [mda] 100,000
 * Mamasa language [mqj] 100,000
 * Mayogo language [mdm] 100,000
 * Cross River Mbembe language [mfn] 100,000
 * Mbole language [mdq] 100,000
 * Mwani language [wmw] 100,000
 * Tase Naga language [nst] 100,000
 * Ndendeule language [dne] 100,000
 * Ngiti language [niy] 100,000
 * Noiri language [noi] 100,000
 * Ntomba language [nto] 100,000
 * Mezquital Otomi language [ote] 100,000
 * Cañar Highland Quichua language [qxr] 100,000
 * Sagalla language [tga] 100,000
 * Sani language [ysn] 100,000
 * Gallurese Sardinian language [sdn] 100,000
 * Sassarese Sardinian language [sdc] 100,000
 * Scots language [sco] 100,000
 * Tai Laing language [tjl] 100,000
 * Tandaganon language [tgn] 100,000
 * Toposa language [toq] 100,000
 * Tsikimba language [kdl] 100,000
 * Tsishingini language [tsw] 100,000
 * Wapan language [juk] 100,000
 * Yansi language [yns] 100,000
 * Zanaki language [zak] 100000