User talk:LITTLEMISSY1

'''counselling and interpersonal skills

showing intentional use of interpersonal skills'' Hear I shall explain and provide an example of the context in which the intentional use of interpersonal skills and where they should be applied. In terns of the client / practitioner rapport, deliberate usage of interpersonal skills by the practitioner is fundamentally paramount.

Intentional usage of interpersonal skills is consciously knowing when to apply them within the client / practitioner rapport. There are a number of factors that come into play here and I realise this subject is somewhat comprehensive so I will provide some examples.

1 ) At the right time  As a professional, the practitioner has a duty to listen as this is the main focus within the ongoing sessions. However, there needs to be a delicate balance between when the practitioner should be talking, this could be by way of providing feedback or making recommendations to the client.

The point is that the practitioner should know "when" it is necessary to talk by identifying the correct cues and then acting in accordance.

This demonstrates intentional use of interpersonal skills.

2 ) Knowing the correct body language

The practitioner should be aware at all times of their own body language. For the most part, the way in which we communicate on a daily basis is primarily comprised of non-verbal signals such as hand gestures. The practitioner will be aware of what body language should be used and most importantly, when it should be used.

There are several gestures that denotes openness and honesty. For example, during a conversation where an individual is using open palmed gestures, research has shown that this is a good indication that the individual is being honest and open.

It is obvious that there are some cultural elements that should be considered.

With some cultures, what may be considered as welcoming could be deemed offensive in others. It would be the responsibility of the practitioner to determine what method of non-verbal communication is most appropriate and this should reflective of the individual clients needs.

Another example would be to maintain eye contact. This is a fundamentally important skill that needs to be used by the practitioner. This will enable the client to know that they are being understood and listened to. the practitioner should also be aware of how much eye contact is appropriate. As started in previous, my previous work, to much eye contact could be seen as intimidating and could potentially cause a breakdown in the client / practitioner rapport.

3 ) Promoting  In early sessions, the practitioner will be conscious of the need for prompting. This is important skill as it enables the practitioner to accurately determine the individual therapeutic needs. Without the deliberate use of prompting the client for information, the practitioner may not be able to determine the best course of action for the client.

select an appropriate context within which to apply interpersonal skills

Appropriate situation to apply interpersonal skills, could be when a client is putting themselves down, by saying that whatever they do, it is never good enough or that they are stupid and unintelligent.

'''Here I shall give an example

'''Example: A Client may be expressing themselves emotionally by saying: "Why am I so dumb, it is just not fair. I should be clever like everyone else, whatever I do, it is just not good enough!" In this particular situation, the practitioner would need to use diplomacy, tact and caution when asking questions.

The practitioner would need to make sure that the client has fully expressed their emotion as this is in itself therapeutic. In some situations, the client may-not understand why it is that they are being emotional as there could be a deeper or hidden meaning behind the emotion being exhibited.

In Psychoanalysis, the term is called '''"Abreaction" Which is a discharge of emotion attaching itself to previously repressed experience, even if the client does not understand the significance of the emotion. (Freud 1885 - see insight )

The types of questions that should be used by the practitioner should maintain impartiality and also be non-leading or biased. The types of questions asked by the practitioner will be deliberately and mindfully constructed. Such as "Why is that you feel that way" Which in a way, is also a use of prompting. The focus would be to draw out the full meaning behind the emotion expressed by the client. This shows the intentional use of interpersonal skills within the client / Practitioner rapport.

'''

COUNSELLING AND INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
Demonstrate the balance of support and challenge

A natural balance should be maintained between the client and the practitioner in terms of challenge and support. The role of the practitioner is to provide positive support and at the same time maintaining a sense of impartiality towards the client in a non-biased, and non-judgemental way. If the practitioner was not to maintain this balance and challenge continually, then the client may see this as imposing and interrogating could potentially ruin the client practitioner rapport.

On flip side, if the practitioner did not challenge when appropriate, then they would be exhibiting negligence towards the client's health and safety needs. There may be an instance where the client would be at risk either to themselves or externally and if the practitioner did not challenge appropriately, this could have very negative or even fatal repercussions.

Clients Views And Opinions.

There are a number a principles that need to be adhered to when providing feedback to the client. It is essential that the practitioner has a continuous awareness of these principles as the practitioner is legally obliged remain neutral and non-biased without breaching impartiality.

1) Thanking the client for their views

This is essential when taking any form of feedback from the client. By saying "thank you for you comments" as this shows that you have demonstrated impartiality by indicating that you have allowed the client to express their views and opinions without becoming defensive.

An example of using appropriate feedback would be:

''"I appreciate your time in giving me this feedback. Please, if you notice something like this again, do let me know."

there are two important factors that should also be adhered to when providing feedback to the client.''

1) You need to demonstrate in your actions that you have meant every word of your feedback. 2) Memorisations of responses

It is important to remember that everything that is said to the client has an influence on the clients welfare. The practitioner will need to be mindful about the types of responses given when providing feedback. It would be helpful for the practitioner if they memorised some of these standard responses. This will avoid having to scramble for the appropriate words to say. All feedback should be on-judgemental and neutral.

When the above skills are practice d and exhibited instead of exhibiting the natural responses such as, crossing your arms in a defensive way. Sighing, interrupting and defending yourself, you will be demonstrating to the client that you are indeed a true professional and that you are open, empathic and mindful of the clients views and opinions without breaching the client practitioner rapport.

SHARON KINSELLA

HUMAN BODY
''' Here I shall demonstrate what the human body consists of the Regional atlas of the body. the individual organs and structures of the human body fit together to make a complex, living whole. By dividing the body into regions such as the head, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, it is possible to examine in detail how the parts of a particular area are positioned in relation to one another. '''

THE HEAD AND NECK
''The bones of the face' help to define the features and make a surrounding framework for the major sense organs: The eyes, nose, and tongue. The upper and lower jaw bones hold the teeth. powerful neck muscles allow the head to turn from side to side; they also exert a backwards pull on the head, maintaining it in an upright position and preventing it from topping forwards.

THE EYE
The eye is held in a bony socket that gives it protection and allows the surrounding eye muscles to move the eyeball from side to side and up and down. the consists of the superior oblique muscle: Sclera: Cornea: Superior rectus muscle: optic nerve: Lateral rectus muscle: Inferior oblique muscle: Inferior rectus muscle: