User talk:Lcollins09

Welcome to the Wikipedia Education Program!
Hi, Lcollins09!

On behalf of the Wikipedia Education Program, I wanted to thank you for taking the orientation. It's really helpful for us to know that you thought the training was too long to keep you engaged, so we can make it more useful for other students like you. I hope you'll feel free to refer back to the orientation while you're making your first edits, and please don't hesitate to reach out to your Ambassador for any help or advice. Welcome to Wikipedia, and I hope you enjoy your unique assignment! JMathewson (WMF) (talk) 21:26, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

Page Topic Options?
Have you considered page topic options for your assignments?Ajungle (talk) 01:31, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

Topic Ideas
Professor Jung,

I had originally placed all of my topic ideas in my watchlist. I did the assignment, but I am moving the topic ideas over here now since you explained how to do it.

The topics I am interested in are cross-cultural leadership, cultural identity, intercultural relations, and nonverbal communication.

Assignment 5-Sources
The following is a list of sources I want to use for the additions I will make to nonverbal communication:

1) Kirch, M. S. (1979). Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures. Modern Language Journal, 63(8), 416.

2) Wang, D., & Li, H. (2007). Nonverbal language in cross-cultural communication. US-China Foreign Language, 5(10), 66-70.

3) Wong, S., Bond, M., & Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M. (2008). The Influence of Cultural Value Orientations on Self-Reported Emotional Expression across Cultures. Journal Of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(2), 224-229.

4) Herring, R. D. (1985). A Cross-Cultural Review of Nonverbal Communication with an Emphasis on the Native American.

5) Morain, G. G., & ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics, W. C. (1978). Kinesics and Cross-Cultural Understanding. Language in Education: Theory and Practice, No. 7.

Wiki 6
Even though I have already given a summary of my additions to the nonverbal communication across cultures on the nonverbal communication take page, I would still like to copy what I said on my personal talk page so that it can be easily accessible.

New addition to nonverbal communication across cultures
I believe there are many more examples and explanations that can be added to the section titled "Across cultures".

As a brief summary, when I am finished with the additions to this section, there will be a few main points in the article. First, I would like to give more examples of how gestures are used, why they are used, and how they are used in many cultures. Right now the article only gives a few different examples of the different meanings to gestures across cultures. Next, I would like to discuss and give more examples of the emotional relationship between gestures and the communication that is truly being conveyed. Finally, I would like to give an addition to the nonverbal actions subsection and discuss the similarities and differences of nonverbal actions and kinesics across several different cultures. These additions will provide a more holistic explanation of nonverbal communication across cultures while also offering more examples and details to this section of the article.

Lcollins09 (talk) 20:46, 10 March 2013 (UTC)Lcollins09Lcollins09 (talk) 20:46, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

Talkback
Lova Falk    talk   09:11, 13 March 2013 (UTC)

Wiki 7
I have the rough draft for my addition to nonverbal communication below. I have not moved it to the main space as I am still working on editing and formatting. This the rough draft as of today and I have split my three main additions into sections.

1)give more examples of how gestures are used, why they are used, and how they are used in many cultures.

Gestures vary widely across cultures in how they are used and what they mean. Nonverbal communication can be divided into classes. “First there is body language which includes gesture, posture, distance, touch, and gaze. Second there is object language which includes signs, designs, and clothing. Finally there is environmental language which includes color, lighting, space, direction, and natural surroundings.” For example, "sticking out the tongue may be a form of mockery in the West, but in Polynesia it serves as a greeting and a sign of reverence. Clapping is our way of applauding, but in Spain and the Orient it is a means of summoning the waiter. Northern Europeans usually indicate agreement by nodding their heads up and down, and shaking the head from side to side to indicate disagreement. The Greeks have for at least three thousand years used the upward nod for disagreement and the downward nod for agreement.” In addition, laughter is a sign of amusement but in Africa it is a sign of wonder or embarrassment. There are many manners of waving goodbye: Americans face the palm outward and move the hand side to side, Italians face the palm inward and move the fingers facing the other person, French and Germans face the hand horizontal and move the fingers toward the person leaving. Kirch, M. S. (1979). Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures. Modern Language Journal, 63(8), p. 418. Also, it is important to note that gestures are used in more informal settings and more often by children. In addition proxemics, the use of space between people, for Latin Americans, the French, Italians, and Arabs is much closer than the distance for Americans; in general, 1 foot of distance is for lovers, 1.5-4 feet of distance is for family and friends, and 4-12 feet is for strangers.

Finally, chronemics, how people handle time, can be categorized in two ways: polychronic which is when people do many activities at once and is common in Italy and Spain, or monochronic which is when people do one thing at a time which is common in America. Also, it is important to note that gestures are used in more informal settings and more often by children.

2)discuss and give more examples of the emotional relationship between gestures and the communication that is truly being conveyed.

Emotional expression varies with culture. The more individualistic a country is, the more likely they will show emotions that are disengaged or emphasize what the self is feeling (anger, disgust, and joy). Showing fear is less likely to occur in collectivistic societies because it shows social withdrawal. Joy is more likely to be expressed in individualistic cultures because it is an expression of one’s uniqueness and individuality, whereas in collectivistic cultures, it may disrupt the group with values of interdependence.

3)give an addition to the nonverbal actions subsection and discuss the similarities and differences of nonverbal actions and kinesics across several different cultures.

Kinesic messages are more subtle than gestures. Kinesic messages comprise the posture, gaze, and facial movements. The Gaze is another important part of kinesis. American looks are short enough just to see if there is recognition of the other person, Arabs look at each other in the eye intensely, and many Africans avert the gaze as a sign of respect to superiors. There are also many postures for humility. The Chinese tend to join their hands over their head and bow, whereas people in the Congo stretch their hands and put them together in the direction of the other person.

Help us improve the Wikipedia Education Program
Hi Lcollins09! As a student editor on Wikipedia, you have a lot of valuable experience about what it's like to edit as a part of a classroom assignment. In order to help other students like you enjoy editing while contributing positively to Wikipedia, it's extremely helpful to hear from real student editors about their challenges, successes, and support needs. Please take a few minutes to answer these questions by clicking below. (Note that the responses are posted to a public wiki page.) Thanks!

Delivered on behalf of User:Sage Ross (WMF), 16:55, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

WIKI 7 Finalized
I have placed the article additions from my talk page to the actual nonverbal communication page.

Wiki 8
Here are some of the additions I would like to add to nonverbal communication from two more of my sources.

The first source is: Herring, R. D. (1985). A Cross-Cultural Review of Nonverbal Communication with an Emphasis on the Native American.

-Native Americans did not have a written language for a while so they relied heavily on nonverbal comm. Examples were dances, rituals and ceremonies.(41) Most Native Americans value distance to protect themselves.(43) Generally more reserved and less expressive of emotions.(44)Relaxed time.(44)

The second source is: Wang, D., & Li, H. (2007). Nonverbal language in cross-cultural communication. US-China Foreign Language, 5(10), 66-70.

-Chinese do many more touches than Americans. (68)However, such actions like touching, patting, hugging or kissing, can be quite embarrassing and awkward for the western mothers, these behaviors would be considered rude and offensive in their eyes and could arouse a strong dislike. (68)Different traditions view silence much differently. Chinese people value silence more than the use of words, many of them believe that inner peace and wisdom come only through silence (69)

I have also chosen to peer review the 2 classmates which shows up on the class page: Aflemington11, and Cweber10.

Review of your edited article
Hi, Lcollins09 I am in the 11:50am intercultural communications class. You made great changes and added great information on nonverbal communication. I loved your topic and your contribution to this article! Cweber10 (talk) 18:24, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

Hello, Lcollins09 I reviewed your article and i am very impressed with the information that you decided to add to wiki. Your content is well supported by credible sources that provide users with information that is easily understood by all. Your information is well presented and i really enjoyed reading your content. Great Job. Aflemington11 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aflemington11 (talk • contribs) 05:50, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

Wiki 9
I made some edit suggestions and feedback for the peer reviews for aflemington11 and cweber10.

Wiki 10
I made my final edits to my addtions for nonverbal communication. I mainly reworded sentences, did a thorough grammar check, and I made sure each of my citations was correct and visible on the page. I also tried to make sure that my material flowed nicely with the other material from contributors. I am happy with this final piece, and I feel like I made significant additions.

Great Job Lcollins09!
I was a reviewer of your work on the Nonverbal Communication page, and you did a wonderful job! I was overwhelmed just looking at the page, but you somehow managed to read it all, see where it needed to be improved, and improved it with reliable sources. They wikipedia people loved you! Great job on your Wikipedia assignment. You really did well and adapted nicely into the Wikipedia culture. Congrats! Bmanswag63738247382648274 (talk) 08:19, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

Wiki 9
Nonverbal communication can have different meanings according to different cultures. Foreigners may even be confused about universal emotions. "In many cultures, such as the Arab and Iranian cultures, people express grief openly. They mourn out loud, while in Asian cultures, the general belief is that it is unacceptable to show emotion openly." In fact,Chinese people value silence more than verbal communication. Gestures, postures, haptics, clothing, eye contact and proxemics all can be understood differently across the world.

Gestures vary widely across cultures in how they are used and what they mean. Native Americans did not have a written language for a long time, so they relied heavily on nonverbal communication in which dances, rituals, and ceremonies were vital. Nonverbal communication can be divided into classes. “First there is body language which includes gesture, posture, distance, touch, and gaze. Second there is object language which includes signs, designs, and clothing. Finally, there is environmental language which includes color, lighting, space, direction, and natural surroundings.”

For example, "sticking out the tongue may be a form of mockery in the West, but in Polynesia it serves as a greeting and a sign of reverence. Clapping is our way of applauding, but in Spain and the Orient it is a means of summoning the waiter. Northern Europeans usually indicate agreement by nodding their heads up and down, and shaking the head from side to side to indicate disagreement. The Greeks have for at least three thousand years used the upward nod for disagreement and the downward nod for agreement.” In addition, laughter is a sign of amusement normally, but in Africa it is a sign of wonder or embarrassment. There are many manners of waving goodbye: Americans face the palm outward and move the hand side to side, Italians face the palm inward and move the fingers facing the other person, French and Germans face the hand horizontal and move the fingers toward the person leaving. Also, it is important to note that gestures are used in more informal settings and more often by children.

Chronemics, how people handle time, can be categorized in two ways: polychronic which is when people do many activities at once and is common in Italy and Spain, or monochronic which is when people do one thing at a time which is common in America.

Emotional expression varies with culture. The more individualistic a culture is, the more likely the people will show emotions that are disengaged or emphasize what the self is feeling (anger, disgust, and joy). Showing fear is less likely to occur in collectivistic societies because it shows social withdrawal. Joy is more likely to be expressed in individualistic cultures because it is an expression of one’s uniqueness and individuality, whereas in collectivistic cultures, it may disrupt the group with values of interdependence. In addition, Native Americans tend to be more reserved and less expressive with emotions. Finally, frequent touches are common for Chinese;however, such actions like touching, patting, hugging or kissing in western cultures such as America are less frequent and publicly displayed.

One common example in the United States, is the gesture of a finger or hand to indicate "come here please". This is the gesture used to beckon dogs in some cultures. Pointing with one finger is also considered to be rude in some cultures and Asians typically use their entire hand to point to something.

In mainstream Western culture, eye contact is interpreted as attentiveness and honesty. In many cultures, however, including Hispanic, Asian, Middle Eastern, and Native American, eye contact is thought to be disrespectful or rude, and lack of eye contact does not mean that a person is not paying attention. Women may especially avoid eye contact with men because it can be taken as a sign of sexual interest.

The acceptable physical distance is another major difference in the nonverbal communication between cultures. In Latin America and the Middle East the acceptable distance is much shorter than what most Europeans and Americans feel comfortable with. This is why an American or a European might wonder why the other person is invading his or her personal space by standing so close, while the other person might wonder why the American/European is standing so far from him or her. In addition, for Latin Americans, the French, Italians, and Arabs the distance between people is much closer than the distance for Americans; in general for these close distance groups, 1 foot of distance is for lovers, 1.5–4 feet of distance is for family and friends, and 4–12 feet is for strangers. In the opposite way, most Native Americans value distance to protect themselves. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Catira24 (talk • contribs) 01:55, 2 May 2013 (UTC)

Lcollins09 Very good additions!! You did an excellent job. The focus of your topic is clear, your ideas are complete and organized. Your information is very substantial and solid, very easy to understand your content and that is very important for the readers. Also, you used good sources to support your subject. I would like to suggest to continue contributing with valuable information in Wiki because you did a great job! :) Catira24 (talk) 01:59, 2 May 2013 (UTC)

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Catira24 (talk • contribs) 01:52, 2 May 2013 (UTC)