User talk:Lee hyam

-Introduction

High blood pressure is a common and dangerous condition. Having high blood pressure means the pressure of the blood in your blood vessels is higher than it should be. But you can take steps to control your blood pressure and lower your risk of heart disease and stroke. myocardial infarction, and kidney failure and it can also cause blindness and heart failure. The risk of developing any of these complications is higher if hypertension is not controlled, for instance, if it is not less than 140/90 mmHg and if other risk factors such as tobacco, obesity, and diabetes exist.

IRAQ : HYPERTENSION Deaths 3,774 %2.55 Rate 26.29 World Rank 28

According to the latest WHO data published in may 2014 Hypertension Deaths in Iraq reached 3,774 or 2.55% of total deaths. The age adjusted Death Rate is 26.29 per 100,000 of population ranks Iraq #28 in the world. In the last years the incidence increase among young age group according to sever stress or smoking

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries, which carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body. Blood pressure normally rises and falls throughout the day. But if it stays high for a long time, it can damage your heart and lead to health problems. High blood pressure raises your risk for heart disease and stroke, which are leading causes of death

has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not know they have it. The only way to know if you have it is to measure your blood pressure. Then you can take steps to control it if it is too high.

For public health and health policy, assessing the level, distribution and trends of the prevalence of hypertension including person, space and time dimensions allows a better understanding of this risk factor, define interventions and evaluate their effectiveness, and monitor the progress in reducing the burden of high blood pressure in the population.

To the effect of the present analysis, hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg, self-reported use of antihypertensive treatment, or both. Race/ethnicity was determined by self-report and grouped as non-Hispanic white (white), non-Hispanic black (black), Hispanic, and other (American Indian, Native Alaskan, Asian or Pacific Islander, and other race not specified). Estimates of age-standardized prevalence of total hypertension, expressed in percentage, by sex and race among 30 years and older was the measure use in the analysis, and breakdown by state and county, sex, race and year. The data visualization was designed including three linked charts, two maps, at state and county levels, and a dot plot showing the level and distribution of hypertension by states and counties. Data can be filter and selected by sex, race and years. Some actions were implemented to facilitate data exploration, ask new questions and for a better user experience. The data visualization serves as exploratory tool to assess the magnitude, geographic distribution and trend of hypertension in both state and county levels.

-Risk factors

Risk factors include health conditions, your lifestyle, and your family history that can increase your risk for high blood pressure. Some of the risk factors for high blood pressure cannot be controlled, such as your age or family history. But you can take steps to lower your risk by changing the factors you can control. Some medical conditions can raise your risk for high blood pressure. If you have one of these conditions, you can take steps to control it and lower your risk. Prehypertension Prehypertension is blood pressure that is slightly higher than normal. Prehypertension increases the risk that you will develop chronic, or long-lasting, high blood pressure in the future. If your blood pressure is between 120/80 mmHg and 139/89 mmHg, you have prehypertension.

Blood Pressure Levels Normal Systolic: less than 120 mmHg Diastolic: less than 80 mmHg At Risk (Prehypertension) Systolic: 120–139 mmHg Diastolic: 80–89 mmHg High Systolic: 140 mmHg or higher Diastolic: 90 mmHg or higher

Diabetes Diabetes mellitus also increases the risk for heart disease. Your body needs glucose (sugar) for energy. Insulin is a hormone made in the pancreas that helps move glucose from the food you eat to your body’s cells. If you have diabetes, your body does not make enough insulin, can not use its own insulin as well as it should, or both. This will increase the blood sugur Diabetes causes sugars to build up in the blood. About 60% of people who have diabetes also have high blood pressure.

Characteristics That Increase Risk for High Blood Pressure

Family members share genes, behaviors, lifestyles, and environments that can influence their health and their risk for disease. High blood pressure can run in a family, and your risk for high blood pressure can increase based on your age and your race or ethnicity. Genetics and Family History When members of a family pass traits from one generation to another through genes, that process is called heredity. Genetic factors likely play some role in high blood pressure, heart disease, and other related conditions. However, it is also likely that people with a family history of high blood pressure share common environments and other potential factors that increase their risk. The risk for high blood pressure can increase even more when heredity combines with unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as smoking cigarettes and eating an unhealthy diet.

Conditions increase risk factors

lifestyle choices can increase your risk for high blood pressure. To reduce your risk, your doctor may recommend changes to your lifestyle. The good news is that healthy behaviors can lower your risk for high blood pressure. Unhealthy Diet A diet that is too high in sodium and too low in potassium puts you at risk for high blood pressure. Eating too much sodium—an element in table salt—increases blood pressure. Most of the sodium we eat comes from processed and restaurant foods. Not eating enough potassium also can increase blood pressure. Potassium is found in bananas, potatoes, beans, and yogurt. Physical Inactivity Not getting enough physical activity can make you gain weight, which can lead to high blood pressure. Obesity Obesity is excess body fat. Obesity is linked to higher "bad" cholesterol and triglyceride levels and to lower "good" cholesterol levels. In addition to high blood pressure, obesity can also lead to heart disease and diabetes. Talk to your health care team about a plan to reduce your weight to a healthy level. Too Much Alcohol Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. Tobacco Use Tobacco use increases your risk for high blood pressure. Cigarette smoking can damage the heart and blood vessels. Also, nicotine raises blood pressure, and carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that your blood can carry.
 * Women should have no more than 1 drink a day.
 * Men should have no more than 2 drinks a day.

-Harmful effect include

High blood pressure can damage your health in many ways. It can seriously hurt important organs like your heart and brain. Fortunately, you can control your blood pressure to lower your risk for serious health problems. •Decreased Blood Flow to the Heart High blood pressure can harden your arteries, which decreases the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart and lead to heart disease. In addition, decreased blood flow to the heart can cause: •The Brain High blood pressure can burst or block arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain, causing a stroke. Brain cells die during a stroke because they do not get enough oxygen. Stroke can cause serious disabilities in speech, movement, and other basic activities, and a stroke can kill you. •The Kidneys Adults with diabetes, high blood pressure, or both have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease than those without these diseases. Approximately 1 of 3 adults with diabetes and 1 of 5 adults with high blood pressure have chronic kidney disease.
 * Chest pain, also called angina.
 * Heart failure, a condition when your heart can’t pump enough blood and oxygen to your other organs.
 * Heart attack, which occurs when the blood supply to your heart is blocked and heart muscle begins to die without enough oxygen. The longer the blood flow is blocked, the greater the damage to the heart.

-How to prevent hypertension

High blood pressure increases your risk for heart disease and stroke, two leading causes of death. No matter your age, you can take steps each day to keep your blood pressure in a healthy range. You can help prevent high blood pressure by making healthy choices and managing any health conditions you may have. •Practice healthy living habits. If you have prehypertension or diabetes, you can take steps to lower your risk for high blood pressure. •Control Blood Pressure Measuring your blood pressure is an important step toward keeping a healthy blood pressure. Because high blood pressure and prehypertension often have no symptoms, checking your blood pressure is the only way to know for sure whether it is too high. If you learn that you have prehypertension or high blood pressure, you should take steps to control your blood pressure to lower your risk for heart disease and stroke. •Manage Diabetes Most people with diabetes—about 6 out of 10—also have high blood pressure.1 If your health care provider thinks you have symptoms of diabetes, he or she may recommend that you get tested. If you have diabetes, monitor your blood sugar levels carefully. Talk with your health care team about treatment options. Your doctor may recommend certain lifestyle changes to help keep your blood sugar under good control—those actions will help reduce your risk for high blood pressure. •Take Your Medicine If you take medication to treat high blood pressure or diabetes, follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. Always ask questions if you do not understand something. Never stop taking your medication without talking to your doctor or pharmacist. •Talk with Your Health Care Team You and your health care team can work together to prevent or treat the medical conditions that lead to high blood pressure.

-Control your blood pressure

You can make changes to your lifestyle that will help you control your blood pressure. Your doctor might prescribe medications that can help you. By controlling your blood pressure, you will lower your risk for the harmful effects of high blood pressure.

Work with Your Health Care Team Team-based care that includes you, your doctor, and other health care providers can help reduce and control blood pressure.1 If you already have high blood pressure, your doctor may prescribe medications and lifestyle changes. Lifestyle changes are just as important as medications. Follow your doctor's instructions and stay on your medications. Do not stop taking your medications before talking to your doctor or pharmacist. All drugs may have side effects, so talk to your doctor regularly. As your blood pressure improves, your doctor will check it often. Make Lifestyle Changes Lifestyle changes can help you control your blood pressure. * Low in salt (sodium), total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. * High in fresh fruits and vegetables. These lifestyle changes for blood pressure control are similar to those for preventing high blood pressure.
 * Diet. Eat a healthy diet that is:
 * Be active. Try taking a brisk 10-minute walk 3 times a day 5 days a week.
 * Do not smoke. If you smoke, quit as soon as as possible

Conclusions

The assessment of hypertension prevalence at national and local levels provides relevant information for priority settings, health planning and evaluation of public health interventions. States and county Health authorities and healthcare should be aware of the situation and trends of hypertension in order to take appropriate actions and interventions to reduce the burden of hypertension, rise awareness, treatment, and blood pressure control. Data visualizations are powerful tools for assessing hypertension and monitor progress of reducing the burden of hypertension at national, sub-national and local levels, and disseminate information to the general public.