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Dramaturgical Action
A Dramaturgical Action is a social action that is designed to be seen by others and to optimize our public self image. Erving Goffman introduced the idea of dramaturgical action into sociology. An idea that others such as Jurgen Haberman and Harold Garfinkel have also done research with.

Erving Goffman in 1959 published The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life which provides a detailed description and analysis of process and meaning in everyday interaction. His perspective of dramaturgical action provides a new insight into the nature of social interaction and the psychology of the individual. Interaction is viewed as a performance. It is shaped by the environment and the audience. Impressions especially first impressions are in the desired goal of the actor themselves. The exchanging of information is what allows others to see more specific identities and behaviors.

In creating a social identity there are three concepts to be aware of and consider. First, is the front, which is the part of the individual's performance which regularly functions in a general and fixed fashion to define the situation for those who observe the performance. The front acts as the proper setting, appearance, and manner for the social role the individual is trying to accomplish. The second, a compelling front, is forced to fill the duties of the social role and communicate the activities and characteristics of the role to other individuals in a certain manner. The third is constructing the front, the information given off by the individual is given off through a variety of communicative sources all must be controlled correctly to convince the audience the role that the individual wants to portray.

The dramatic realization is envisioned as the activities of "impression management," which is the control (and/or lack of control) and communication of information through the performance. In result the terms of verbal signification which is used to create intent and non-verbal signification which is used to verify the honestly of statements made. The attempts that are made by the individual present an idealized version of the front.

Erving Goffman researches the nature of group dynamics through "teams." Viewing the relationship between performance and the audience. The concept of the team is illustrating the work of a group of individuals who create the performance when attempting to achieve the goal of the group which is to see and compare performance with the audience. The study requires the individuals in the teams to assume different roles. A "shill" is referred to as a member of the team who provides a visible model for the audience of the type of response they are looking for. A discrepant role is a good example of having psychological excitement for the realization of the goal trying to be obtained.

The division between the team performance and audience is described by Goffman in terms known as "regions." Regions describe the role of setting in the differentiation of actions taken by individuals. Furthering the dramaturgical analysis the region is divided into three parts; "the front", "the back", and "the outside", they are referred to as the different stages. The official stance of the team is visible in their frontstage presentation, however, in the "backstage" the impression given off by the presentation is knowingly looked at as a matter of course, which indicates a more truthful performance. The "backstage" is where the conflict and the natural familiarity is fully explored. It often evolves into a secondary type of presentation dependent upon the absence of the responsibilities of the team presentation. Being "outside" the stage involves the inability to gain access to the performance of the team, described as an audience segregation where specific performances are given to certain and selective audiences. This allows the team to contrive the proper "front" for the demands of each audience. Which then in turn allows the team, individual, audience, and actor the proper relationships and interaction as well as the establishment to which the interactions accomplished belong.

The idealized conduct is most clearly seen in marginalized people, whose deviance forces them into discreditable groups based on the nature of their stigma. The importance of impression management is most visible with and to these individuals. Although those who are discredited must lessen the tension of their stigma which will them cause them to interact successfully with others. While those suffering from a discrediting stigma are forced to limit the access of others to information about the stigma and or assume the character of a more discredited individual. For the discredited individual who attempts to misidentify themselves to come across as normal to the rest of society. This will in turn give them feelings of alienation and result as limited social intercourse.

Erving Goffman
Erving Goodman was a 20th century Sociologist, born on June 11, 1922 and died on November 19, 1982. Goffman centered his book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life on dramaturgical action. Goffman's book was liked and used in research by so many that it has been printed in ten different languages so that it can benefit everyone. The idea of dramaturgical actions was something that many other sociologists became interested in. Jurgen Habermas and Harold Garfinkel are two of the more well known sociologist that became very interested in and starting researching in depth Goffman's study of dramaturgical actions. Goffman taught principally at the University of California and the University of Pennsylvania where he primarily studied face to face communication and rituals of social interaction. Before Goffman began teaching at the two University's he served as a visiting scientist for the National Institute of Mental Health, which later led to his famous book Asylums and very well could be one of the main reasons he began researching and discovered his view of society. Goffman was interested in society and how people interact in society. His approach to this study is social interaction which is also referred to dramaturgical action. According to Goffman social life was a stated drama. One of Goffman's famous quotes is, "Society is an insane asylum run by the inmates."

Rescources
http://www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uh/CURRIC/soc/goffman.htm http://www.answers.com/topic/erving-goffman

Extra Links
http://www.mnstate.edu/borchers/Teaching/Rhetoric/RhetoricWeb/goffman/Goffman.html