User talk:M Javed Amjad

Child beggars in Pakistan
'''Chapter No. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW History of Begging: A caveat or warning for common corridors, vulgarly culled vagabonds was first published in 1566 by Thomas Harman. From early modern England other examples are Thomas Harman and Robert Greene in his Coney-catching pamphlets he titles of which included “The defense of conny-catching” in which he argued there were worse crimes to be found among “Reputable” people. There is no reason to suppose that what he recorded was new. The Beggar’s opera is a ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by john Gay. The life and adventures of Bam Fylde Moore Carew was first published in 1745. There are similar writers for many European countries in the early modern period. (History of Begging 2003) According to Jackson selvage, “Poverty was a highly visible problem in the eighteenth century, both in cities and in the countryside. Beggars in Bologna were estimated at 25 percent of the population, in Mainz, figures indicated that 30 percent of the people were beggars or prostitutes. In France and Britain by the end of the century an estimated 10 percent of the people depended on charity or begging for their food. (ibid) In many Hindu traditions, spiritual seekers, know as Sadhus, beg for food. This is because furtive activity, such as farming or shop keeping, is regarded as a materialistic distraction from the search for moksha, or spiritual liberation, begging on the other hand, promotes humility and gratitude not only towards the universe in general. The Sadhu attains a state of bliss or Samadhi. In traditional shaivite Hinduism, old men, having lived a full life as a householder in the world, frequently give up materialistic possessions and become wandering ascetic mendicants (Sadhu), spending their last months or years seeking spiritual enlightenment. Villagers gain religious merit by giving food and other necessities to these ascetics. In Buddhism, monks and nuns traditionally live by begging for alms, as did the historical Gautama Buddha himself. This is among other reasons, so that by people can gain religious merit by giving food, medicines and other essential items to the monks. The monks seldom need to plead for food; in villages and towns throughout modern Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and other Buddhist countries, householders can often by found at dawn every morning streaming down the road to the local temple to give food to the monks. In East Asia monks and nuns were expected to farm or work for returns to feed themselves up. (Begging and Spirituality 2009) Beggary at Global Level: Beggary is a great social problem as are juvenile delinquency and crime. Beggary is a symptom of individual as well as social disorganization. It is a form of personal disorganization as it indicates failure of the individual to adjust him with the social milieu. It is a symptom of social disorganization as the beggar in the street at once reminds us of the ill organized society which is not able to adjust him properly. Beggars are the phenomenon of civilized society and closely associated with the emergence private property. So long as man lived blood bound in small groups, hazards of life were shared by all. In Europe a beggar is mostly a product of industrial revolution, where the spirit of individualism shattered the sentiment of community feeling an individual become isolated and helpless when he fells into distress. In India though begging is an old profession, it has changed its form in the modern period and the problem has become a closed one. "The beggar's problem of today is somewhat different nature then it was in the past. There are many causes the economic system and the social changes than the joint family system the village community and the Varna systems are not able to support the disabled, the mentally ill and the poor which through thousands into beggary with the development of more complex economic-system and the resulting disintegrator, of the family the afflicted members has to fall back upon his own resources. Charity which has been a part of our social heritage is coloured and directed by a sense of guilt and personal interest. This encourages healthy people to beg. (Madan 1966) "A beggar is one who asks for alms or charity or performs such actions which derives sympathy from others and who give something in return". "The Bombay Beggars Act of 1945 has defined, Begging as soliciting or receiving alms in public place whether or not under any pretence such as singing, dancing, fortune telling performing tricks and selling articles , exposing or biting any sore, wound, injury, deformity or disease whether of human being or animals , for the purpose of obtaining alms". “A set of causes such as physical inability mental derangement disruption of joint family, whether singly or in combination may produce a situation may result in beggary. These cannot be one single cause of beggary but it is the result of multiple factors and instead of generalized causes we may better say of such situations which favor the institution of beggary. "A man begs not only when he is poor but also when he is unemployed or underemployed". Among the social causes are family disorganization, lack of parental control, break up of joint family system and social custom. Due to these causes they beg for food or money". Among the biological causes may be mentioned sickness, physical or mental defects and old age persons who become physically weak in old age and cannot sometime have nobody to support become beggars to get some money sustain themselves. The numbers of such persons is also large in Pakistan. "Among other reasons may be mentioned those who are forced to beg. There are orphans and waifs and strays who are some time deliberately mined or disfigured in order to that their guardians or some other that may earn their guardians or some other persons may earn their living. Many normal parents also trade on their children's infirmities using these as source of supplementary income. On these bases of these causes we may classify beggars into various types, so as to analyze a problem in a scientific way. These types are able bodied child beggars, sick or disease beggars, physically disabled, mentally deficient infirm are old age beggars. They are physically weak owning to old age and are not in a position to work. (ibid) A renowned author Kumarappara, quotes "begging as an undesirable act in any society of the world. It is a source of living for those who beg and are disgrace for the society. Beggary is the root of nearly every other social evil as well, it leads to physical deterioration, mental incompetency preventable disease and starvation and wrecks lives by forcing them into crimes, mental abnormalities, family maladjustment and social irregularities of every description".( Kumarappara 1945) Beggary at National Level: It is wroth mentioning that are two categories of beggars. One is professional and other non-professional. The professional beggars are the one who can earn their livelihood by getting work but feed ease in begging one looting the public with shrewd thinking and satisfied looks. They even use some one others child to quench their thirst in view to earn easy money. On the other hand, the non professional beggars are the one who are the real needy as they are very poor and can hardly survive in this era of expense. They do not ask from everyone and also want to maintain their respect in the society. For that matter there is always a room in the society to compensate them. Alms, charity and zakat are the funds for these real needy persons. But on the other hand, professional beggars have made the lives of citizen miserable by pleading for money at various traffic signals of the city by blocking the road, annoying citizens, demanding for money at every nook and corner of city premises. The beggars mostly women and children are seen at famous highways of Islamabad / Rawalpindi who were not only the cause of traffic jams but are irking passengers. (Sunday Magazine Feature Mar, 2010) Iqbal, is of opinion that the “beggars constitute on economic burden and are a public health problem. They are often carriers of infection and disease. They are a marginal social group and sometime been found to be associated with the activities of the underworld many of them are believed to the thieves, robbers and kidnappers in disguise. For all these reasons begging constitutes a very serious and complex social problem which has many factors”. (Iqbal 1981) According to one estimate, there were about 30 to 35 million street children in the world in 1996. No statistics are available of street children in Pakistan. According to some rough estimates, there are about 10,000 street children in the city of Lahore alone. With the increase in population, poverty and unemployment, the number of street children with no apparent family links, is likely to become more serious in the near future. The number of children on the streets has nearly tripled since last year. Many of these children don’t focus on how to excel in their education and make a successful career. They are more focused on earning enough money to fill their stomachs. Instead of being a doctor, lawyer, teacher or businessman, the children have made their professional careers in begging. The Punjab Government is taking the initiative of helping these children by providing them with incentives in order for them to reach the same level as other children. (Government action on Child Begging 2010) Beggary in Different Countries: Canada: The province of Ontario introduced its safe street Act in 1999 to restrict specific kinds of begging, particularly certain narrowly defined cases of “aggressive” or abusive panhandling. In 2001 this law survived a court challenge under the Canadian charter of Rights and freedoms. The law was further upheld by the court of Appeal for Ontario in January 2007. On response to the anti-panhandling laws which were passed was the creation of the Ottawa panhandlers union which fights for the political rights of panhandlers. The union is a shop of the Industrial works of the world. British Colonia enacted its own safe street Act in 2004 which resembles the Ontario law. There are also critics in that province who oppose such laws. United States: In 2004, the city of Orlando, Florida passed an ordinance (Orlando Municipal code reaction 43.86) requiring panhandles to obtain a permit from the municipal police department. The ordinance further makes it is crime to panhandle in the commercial core of downtown Orlando, as well as within 50 feet (15m) of any bank or automated teller machine. It is also considered a crime in Orlando for panhandles to make false or untrue statements, or to disguise themselves, to solicit money, and to use money obtained for a claim of a specific purpose (e.g. food) to be spent on anything else (e.g. drugs) in Santa Cruz, these are regulations for panhandles on where they can and cannot “sponge” (beg for “spare change”). For example, they must be a certain distance away from the door of any business in parts of San Francisco, aggressive panhandling is prohibited. In May 2010, Police in the city of Boston started cracking down on panhandling in the streets in downtown, and were conducting and were conducting an educational outreach to residents advising them not to give to panhandles. The Boston police distinguished active solicitation, or aggressive panhandling, versus passive panhandling of which an example is opening doors at store with a cup in hand but saying nothing. United Kingdom: Begging is illegal under the vagrancy Act of 1824. However it does not carry a jail sentence and is not well enforced in many cities although since the Act applies in all public places it is enforced more frequently on public transport. Finland: Begging has been legal in Finland since 1987 when the poor Law was invalidated. In 2003, the public order Act replaced any local government rules and completely decriminalized begging. India: There is a long traditional of rather less spiritual beggars, in India and elsewhere, who are simply begging as a means to obtain material wealth. Some are even beggars for generations, and continue their family tradition of begging. A few beggars in the subcontinent even have sizeable wealth, which they accumulate by “employing” other, newer beggars. They can claim to have territories, and then may engage in verbal and physical abuse of encroaching beggars. Since the release of the hit film slum dog Million our, which portrayed children in the slums of Mumbai, there has been increasing international secreting of child begging in India. Now, New Delhi’s department of social welfare has launched a city-wide campaign to reduce the number of child beggars. Government officials are urging anyone in the capital who sees a child begging to call a telephone hotline, rather than give them money. Child beggars in Delhi, Slum dog Millionaire aside, are just as likely to be independent as to be sun by ruthless mafia lords. Many of them seem to beg daily until they earn enough for their next meal. Like kids every where, they want to spend much of their walking hours at play. (Frank and Margarat 1989) Causes of Beggary: There are so many causes of beggary that we cannot discuss each and every cause. But the most common causes are being discussed here that contribute a lot in the promotion of beggary. Poverty: Poverty is considered the most common reasons of beggary, as one of it is believed that beggary is due to poverty and until poverty is removed from the society, begging must prevail. But all the beggars are not poor and all the poor are not beggars. Beggary and poverty are different in nature and remedy. Some beggars are no doubt poor but others beg because it is their ancestral profession. The poor think that they should beg because God has ordained in their case, and the donors on the other hand think that the poor must be given because God has made them rich. Neglected Children: This is one of the major contributions to the rising incidence of beggary among the children. The most of the parents in the lower strata of the society are uneducated. They do not attend the needs of the children. They bring them into this world only to be left into the street. They are badly neglected. The parents of these children are irresponsible. The children wander to keep the body and soul together either resort to stealing or begging. Some children start begging when beggary is imposed upon them. By this, I mean to say that when a child is born with some mental or bodily infirmly or becomes an orphan is only thought fit for this job and are persuaded by relatives or other people to do this business. Sometimes step parents force their children to beg. In case of aged persons the case is also the same. In our society the phenomenon of imposing beggary upon such helpless persons is particularly true, because as we find there is no security available to such people from the society against the temptation of falling a prey to this evil. Broken Homes: Broken home is such home where one or both parents are absent due to death, divorce or desertion and in such a house children re generally badly affected. They develop many bad habits including the beggary. Sometimes they are persuaded by the parents to beg, or sometimes they themselves develop such a psychological complex that they start begging. As we see in our daily life whenever children are faced with a situation in which they find themselves helpless and without a proper protection they start begging to earn their livelihood. They cannot find any suitable remedy which would provide them economic security so they find the path of beggary an easy one to start waiting. In families where there are step parents such parents consider their step children a burden and also they do not have any emotional attachment with them, so they either forced such children for begging or do not give them proper attention and care which lead the children towards beggary. In broken homes not only the children but their mothers also are to depend upon this profession. Laziness and Love for Idealness: It can be seen from the society of beggars that most of the people due to their laziness adopt this profession themselves and force their children for this purpose. For these idlers money becomes the paramount consideration without any thought as to modes of its acquisition and when they find that beggary is an easy way to give them access to money which they can earn, more through this profession than by doing hard labour, they just start thinking that this profession is more beneficial than any other. Some are so much enamored of this easy and comfortable way of life that they adopt it as a permanent profession and would never think or earning money through any other means even if it is available to them. They set examples for others to emulate. Over Population: Over population also contributes its part in promoting beggary. It is a matter of fact that in low class families there are a number of children and the family income is too much insufficient to meet the needs of family. Actually low class families have no sense that their responsibility is not only to produce children but also to give them proper education and training that is necessary to survive in society, with honour and dignity. The population growth rate 1 of Pakistan is 2.4. Low per Capital Income: Our country is developing but still comes under the list of third world countries and has low per capital income. In 1998 and 1999 per capital income of Pakistan was 412 to 417 dollars. But from 2000 to 2007 it increased gradually. Now the per capita income is 690 dollars. The present per capita income is still insufficient because on the other hand inflation rate is also getting rise. So due to less per capita income, people compel to do beggary. Unemployment: Due to overpopulation the problem of unemployment has taken place. The jobs are less in number while the applicants are countless. The vacant posts are sometimes filled neglecting the merit so; the problem of underemployment also produces along with unemployment because of immense competition in every walk of life. An-other reason is that there is imbalance between the needs and resources. Resources are limited and insufficient while the needs are too much to fulfill. Therefore this imbalance of resources and needs creates the problem of unemployment. Love for Smoking and Films: Quite a few beggars in childhood beg because of bad habits as smoking, addiction and daily visits to cinema going. The children adopt these habits due to various social, psychological reasons when they are unable to get money from their parents; they resort to begging to cater these bad habits. Most of these children develop these habits either by identification with their parents or by mixing up with bad society and anti social element. Illiteracy: In our society the proportion of illiteracy is also on the higher side which is very contusive to beggary. This problem is not only found among the beggars but is also very common in the general public. I observed during the research work that with very rare exception in beggars are quite illiterate. They do not know even the elementary principles of a live and know next to nothing, as to how they could bring up their children in a decent way. Naturally if the elders once fall a prey to beggary the habit is translated from generation to generation, fed on by illiteracy and ignorance. The common man helps its spread again by the ignorance because they think that these beggars should be helped without considering the pros and cons of the problem and understanding the reasons behind it. The erring and misguided and so called charity minded persons do it so readily that beggars find it much easier and much more profitable to beg than to take up some industry after training and education. A very rare but still a very true phenomenon is where the parents are illiterate, perverse and are not interested in the proper and healthy development of the child’s life. They want that their children also should undergo the same hardships of life which they have undergone in their own lives. Drug addiction: It has been keenly observed that a number of beggars take various kinds of drug. Such persons promote not only drugs culture but beggary also at the same time. These drugs addicts have no ability of doing any job because of their weak physique and ill psychological state of mind. Therefore when such persons need money for taking drugs they start begging. Their hands behind others for begging and people give those alms and charity by observing their miserable appearance. Physical Disability: Physical disability also plays its role to spread the sphere of beggary. Disabled persons belong to higher and middle class try to seek or learn some vocational education in account to become self sufficient in economic matters in future. But disabled persons belong to lower class or poor families have no sufficient resources that they could get vocational education and training. Their physical disability creates problem while doing any job that involves hard physical work so they have a solid reason of begging and they do so. Psychological Disability: Psychological disabled often do not involve in beggary by the will of their own. They are used by their families or by some of the gangs. Such disabled have no sense to think about their good or bad and are on the mercy of their families and society. They have very little capacity to learn any art or education. These disabled are considered a burden by society. Therefore they are used by their families and mafia groups as an effective tool of begging. Such disabled are brought to various public places and shrines and are introduced as a saint to the common public in account to collect alms and charity from the public. Moral Disability: A large proportion of the destitute immoral and criminal population is found among the beggars. These people do not have any sense of guilt and they are unable to consider spreading of hands before others, as a shameful or bad act. Children fall an easy prey to these people who keep a sharp look out for any little moral delinquency in children like accidental thieving etc. and exploit their discovery to black mail them into submission to their evil demands and designs which eventually lead them (the children) in bad society and if allowed to drift uncared for makes them in the ultimate analysis and easy recruit for the society of beggars and criminals. Religious Element: A majority of our country is true believer of Islam and strictly associated with religious teaching. In Islam there is strong emphasis to help poor, dependents and deserving. Alms, Zakat, Charity and Usher are the sources to assist the needy segments of society. Beggars also take the advantage of people’s religious believes because people don’t make it sure that either the beggar is professional or the deserving one. This trend of giving alms and charity without investigation also give rise to begging. Urbanization: The tempo of shifting towards cities has been given an impetus by the world war-II due to many reasons and so many people are migrating to the cities from villages for earning their livelihood and the attraction of a comfortable and more civilized life, that this factor itself has become a major problem of our times and incidentally a contributing factor towards beggary. In the cities sometimes they are unable to get any job and at times they are forced to bad habits such as a gambling etc. and when in extreme they start begging due to lack of proper resources for their adequate maintenance in the new society. Actually movement towards town has been haphazard and without any planning and it is high time the Government moved in the matter to stem the rot and reverse the tide in the national interest, failing which, there is a great and real danger of the beggary problem assuming dangerous proportions. Begging as a Habit: One category of beggars consist of those beggars who when asked why they beg will answer that they do so only for enjoyment. In fact they admit to be confirmed in this habit and declare that they are unable to leave the same. This is definitely a sort of perversion which has been developed in the children and can be cured by weeding out the resources responsible for creating the same by proper psychiatric treatment. (Khawar 1963) Legislation about Begging: The Sindh children’s Act 1955 XII of 1955 states, Measures for the care and Protection of Destitute and Neglected children. Article 40 provides as follows; any Police officer or others person authorized in his behalf in accordance with the rules made by the provincial Government may bring before a juvenile court if such court is established for the area and is sitting, or if a juvenile court is not established for the area of it is not sitting, before a magistrate empowered under section 8 with the powers of a juvenile court, any person who in his opinion is a child and who has no home, or is found wandering without any settled place of above and with at visible means of subsistence, or is found begging, or is found doing for a consideration any act under circumstances contrary to the well being of the child, or is destitute or is illegitimate and has no means of subsistence, other them that of charity, or has no parent or guardian, or has a parent or guardian unfit to exercise or incapable of exercising proper care and guardianship; or, is known to associate or live with any prostitute or person of criminal or drunken habits; or, is lodging or residing in or frequently going to a place or places used for the purposes of prostitution, drinking or gambling; or, is otherwise likely to fall into bad association or be exposed to moral danger, or to enter upon a life of crime. The scope of law is wide, very comprehensive, and provides for custody, protection and even punishment of parents and guardians who are responsible for these children’s neglect. Similar provisions exist in the Sindh vagrancy act. The Punjab children’s Ordinance 1983, also provides for state protection of children who are neglected But unfortunately the presence of child beggars on our streets show that all these laws are only on paper, adorning he libraries of courts they are never enforced. The City District Government Rawalpindi (CDGR) with the help of the Punjab government will set up seven protection centers for street children below the age of 14 city District Nazim Raja Javed Ikhlas told Daily times on Monday. He said the RCDG had rented seven houses in Morgha and Kotha Kalan for opening the child protection centers, which would soon be inaugurated by Punjab chief Minister Choudhary Pervaiz Elahi. An army of beggars has swarmed the length of Rawalpindi city owing to the Government’s failure to launch a creak down on them or provide them with alternative means of livelihood. The beggars throng shopping centers, streets, roads, restaurants and food outlets, with their number swelling day by day. Begging women children and disabled men and women of all ages can be seen pestering motorists and pedestrians at intersections, out side mosques and markets from early morning till late at night. (Government Action on Child Begging 2010) THE PUNJAB VAGRANCY ORDINANCE, 1958 (W.P. Ordinance XX of 1958) An Ordinance to amend and consolidate the law relating to vagrancy in the Province of the Punjab Preamble: Whereas it is expedient to amend and consolidate the law relating to vagrancy in the Province of the Punjab in the manner hereinafter appearing; And, whereas, the Provincial Assembly of West Pakistan is not in session and the Governor of West Pakistan is satisfied that circumstances exist which render immediate action necessary; Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by Article 102 of the Constitution, the Governor of West Pakistan is pleased to make and promulgate the following Ordinance:- 1. Short title, extent and commencement: (1) This Ordinance may be called the Punjab Vagrancy Ordinance, 1958. (2) It extends to the whole of the Province of the Punjab except the Tribal Areas. (3) It shall come into force in such area or areas and on such date or dates as Government may, by notification, direct. 2. Definitions: In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions shall have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say; (a) “Child” means a person under the age of fourteen years. (b) “Controller” means the Controller of Vagrancy, Punjab. (c) “Government” means the Provincial Government of the Punjab. (d) “Guardian” in relation to a child, includes any person who in the opinion of the court having cognizance of any case in which a child is concerned, has for the time being the charge of or control over such child. (e) “Prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Ordinance. (f) “Public place” includes any public park, garden, railway station, ground or vehicle to which the public for the time being have access, whether on payment or otherwise. (g) “Vagrant” means a person who. (i) Solicits or receives alms in a public place. (ii) Exposes or exhibits any sore, wound, injury, deformity or disease in a public place for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms. (iii) Allows himself to be used as an exhibit for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms. (iv) Enters on any private premises without the invitation of the occupier for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms. But does not include a person who solicits or receives money, food or gift for a purpose authorized by rules under a prescribed certificate; (h) “welfare home” means an institution established and maintained by Government for the detention, training, employment and maintenance of vagrants and their dependents other than those who are lepers, lunatics or suffering from contagious diseases and includes an institution notified by Government as such for the purposes of this Ordinance. 3. Welfare homes: (1) Government shall establish and maintain one or more welfare homes at such place or places as it thinks fit for the custody and detention of vagrants. (2) Government may, by notification, declare any existing charitable or other institution with previous consent of the controlling authority of such institution and on such conditions as may be mutually agreed upon between Government and the said authority, to be a welfare home for the purposes of this Ordinance.

4. Manager: Every welfare home shall be under the immediate charge of a manager appointed by Government and such manager shall be assisted by such medical and educational staff as Government may appoint. 5. Duties of the manager: (1) The manager of a welfare home shall, as soon as may be, get every vagrant medically examined and the report of the examination shall state, inter alia; (a) The sex and the age of the vagrant. (b) Whether the vagrant is a leper? (c) Whether he is suffering from any other contagious disease? (d) Whether the vagrant is insane, or mentally deficient? (e) What is the general state of health and bodily condition of the vagrant and for which, if any, of the prescribed types of work such vagrant is fit? (2) The manager of a welfare home shall keep the following classes of vagrants separately from each other; (a) Children. (b) Females. (c) Lepers or persons suffering from contagious diseases. (d) Lunatics. (e) Infirm, old or incapacitated. (f) Able bodied. Provided that children less than seven years of age or females may be allowed to take up residence in the same apartment in which any male member of their family is confined. (3) The manager shall arrange. (a) For the education of the children detained in the welfare home. (b) For such instruction of the vagrants, as may rehabilitate them in useful trades and make them self-supporting.

6. Voluntary admission to welfare homes: Any old, infirm or disabled person or a child may present himself before the District Officer, Social Welfare for being admitted to a welfare home and if the District Officer, Social Welfare is satisfied that such person has no source of livelihood, he may be detained in a welfare home till such time as such person becomes possessed of means of livelihood or applies for his release from custody. 7. Powers of police officer to arrest and search vagrants and seize things liable to confiscation: (1) Any police officer may without an order from a magistrate and without a warrant, arrest and search any person who appears to him to be a vagrant and may seize anything found on or about such person which he has reason to believe to be liable to confiscation under this Ordinance. (2) A person arrested under the last preceding sub-section, shall be released if he furnishes bail to the satisfaction of the police officer making arrest for his appearance before the magistrate having jurisdiction in the area where the arrest is made. (3) If the person arrested is not able to furnish bail to the satisfaction of the police officer making arrest, such person shall be detained in custody and shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest, excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without an authority of the magistrate. 8. Trial: When the person arrested under the last preceding section appears or is brought before the magistrate, he shall be tried in accordance with the procedure prescribed for the trial of summons cases under Chapter XX of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898). Provided that whenever any magistrate, after having heard and recorded the whole or any part of the evidence in a trial, ceases to exercise jurisdiction therein, and is succeeded by another magistrate, who has and who exercises such jurisdiction, the magistrate so succeeding may act on the evidence so recorded by his predecessor or partly recorded by his predecessor and partly recorded by himself, or he may resumes the witnesses and recommence the enquiry or trial. 9. Sentence for vagrancy: If the magistrate finds that a person is a vagrant, such person shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a period not exceeding three years. Provided that in any case in which a person who has not been previously convicted of an offence under this Ordinance, is convicted of an offence under this Ordinance, the magistrate may instead of sentencing him to a term of imprisonment, release him after due admonition on his, or in case such vagrant is a child, on his guardian entering into a bond with or without sureties to appear and receive the sentence when called upon during such period (not exceeding three years) as the magistrate may direct and in the meantime to refrain from conducting himself as a vagrant. 10. Punishment for employing or causing persons to ask for alms: Whoever employs or causes any person to solicit or receive alms or uses a person as an exhibit for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms or being the guardian of a child connives at or encourages the employment or the causing of the child to solicit or receive alms shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year or with fine or with both. 11. Presumption: If a person has no ostensible source of subsistence and wanders about or remains in a public place in such condition or manner as raises a reasonable suspicion that he is there to solicit or receive alms, it shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved that such person is a vagrant. 12. Detention of dependents: (1) If any vagrant sentenced under section 9 to a term of imprisonment has a child below seven years of age or any other person wholly dependent upon him, the magistrate may, after making such inquiry as he thinks fit and after giving such person an opportunity of being heard, direct that such child or person shall be detained in the welfare home so long as the vagrant remains in custody. Provided that a child of the vagrant who is below the age of seven years shall be detained along with the vagrant until he attains the age of seven years. (2) Where the dependent is a child above seven years of age, or when the child detained under the last preceding sub-section, attains the age of seven years, the magistrate or any other officer empowered by Government in this behalf may direct that such child be detained in any other institution approved by Government. 13. Compulsory contribution by persons bound to maintain vagrants: (1) If the magistrate is satisfied that a vagrant or a person bound to maintain a vagrant has sufficient means, he shall make an order directing such vagrant or the person bound to maintain such vagrant, as the case may be, to contribute in the prescribed manner towards the maintenance of such vagrant in a welfare home. Provided that no order under this sub-section shall be made without giving the person from whom contribution is required the opportunity of being heard. (2) If any contribution directed by the magistrate under the last preceding sub-section remains unpaid, the same may be recovered as arrears of land revenue. 14. Place of detention or imprisonment: A vagrant arrested under this Ordinance shall remain in custody, or, if convicted serve his term of imprisonment in the prescribed manner, as the case may be, in the nearest welfare home or such other place as Government may by general or special order, direct. 15. Transfer of vagrants from welfare homes: The Controller or any other officer specially empowered by Government in this behalf may be an order in writing directs the transfer of a vagrant from one welfare home to another or to any other place appointed by Government in this behalf. 16. Release on probation or short leave: The Controller or other officer specially empowered by Government in this behalf may, subject to such conditions as may be prescribed; (a) Release any vagrant on probation after he has served imprisonment for a period not less than one year. (b) Release a vagrant detained in a welfare home by granting him a license and, after the expiration of three months from the commencement of the release on license, recommends to Government the unconditional release of such vagrant if he considers that there is probability of such vagrant’s abstaining from vagrancy. (c) Grant short leave of absence to any vagrant detained in a welfare home. Provided that a vagrant contravening any condition relating to his release on license may be re-arrested under the orders of the Controller and sent to the welfare home for completing the sentence awarded to him under section 9. 17. Powers of discharge of vagrants from welfare homes: The Controller or any other officer specially empowered by Government in this behalf may discharge a vagrant from a welfare home. (a) If he is satisfied that a vagrant has become possessed of an income sufficient to enable him to support himself without resorting to vagrancy. (b) If a relative of such vagrant, or a person interested in the welfare of the vagrant, enters into a bond with or without sureties to look after and maintain such vagrant and to prevent him from resorting to vagrancy. (c) On the certificate of the manager of the welfare home that satisfactory employment has been obtained for such vagrant. (d) For any other good and sufficient reason to be recorded in writing. 18. Effect of other laws and enactments: The provisions of this Ordinance, and any order made or action taken under this Ordinance, shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any enactment other than this Ordinance, for the time being in force, and any instrument having its effect by virtue of any such enactment other than this Ordinance. 19. Cognizance and bail: All offences under this Ordinance shall be cognizable and bail-able. 20. Jurisdiction: No offence under this Ordinance shall be triable by any magistrate other than a magistrate of the first class. 21. Appeal: Any person aggrieved by an order of a magistrate under this Ordinance may within thirty days of such order appeal to the Sessions Court. 22. Persons to be deemed to be public servants: All persons empowered to perform any function under this Ordinance shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of section 21 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860. 23. Indemnity: No suit, prosecution, or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for anything in good faith done or intended to be done under this Ordinance. 24. Articles liable to confiscation: All things and money found on or about a vagrant except the necessary wearing apparel shall be liable to confiscation to Government under this Ordinance.

25. Power to make rules: (1) Government may make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Ordinance. (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:- (a) The purposes for which a person may solicit or receive money or ask for food or gift referred to in clause (g) of section 2 and the form of the certificate. (b) The manner in which Controller shall discharge his functions. (c) The manner in which a medical officer may examine a vagrant. (d) The types of works for which a vagrant may be reported fit. (e) The types of the hard labour which is to form the punishment. (f) The manner in which an imprisonment under this Ordinance may be served. (g) The manner in which a vagrant may be transferred from one welfare home to another or to any other place of detention. (h) The manner in which the manager of a welfare home is to certify that satisfactory employment has been obtained for a vagrant. (i) The place or institutions where children detained under this Ordinance are to be confined. (j) The places or institutions where lepers, lunatics and persons suffering from contagious diseases may be confined. (3) Every rule under this Ordinance shall be laid before the Provincial Assembly and may be amended or repealed by a resolution of the said Assembly. 26. Repeal: The Sindh Vagrancy Act, 1947, is hereby repealed. This Ordinance was promulgated by the Governor of West Pakistan on 1st Oct,1958; published in the West Pakistan Gazette (Extraordinary), dated 1st Oct,1958, pages 1343-1350; saved and given permanent effect by Article 225 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1962). According to National Social Welfare Policy of Government of Pakistan (1994) it is stated that; •	Beggary being one of the symptoms of poverty and under-development has to be tackled not only through appropriate legislation but also through creating awareness about the problem and its solution by using mass media. •	Professional begging shall be eliminated. •	Beggars who are not in a position to earn their livelihood on account of illness, old age and disability shell be taken care of by rehabilitating them. •	Beggars who are shelter less, homeless and without family support shall be admitted into beggars, welfare homes where in they will be provided full boarding and loading in addition to training facilities in skills. Efforts are made to make such beggars self supporting and productive member of the society. --~--~--~--~ Bold text'''

Speedy deletion nomination of User:M Javed Amjad


Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. A tag has been placed on User:M Javed Amjad requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section U5 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to consist of writings, information, discussions, or activities not closely related to Wikipedia's goals. Please note that Wikipedia is not a free web hosting service. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such pages may be deleted at any time.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. CptViraj (talk) 13:04, 2 December 2023 (UTC)