User talk:Macoy29

Common Mistakes (LT)

BE CAREFUL with these sound-alikes: position/physician 						injury/entry manner/matter 							and that/in that (because) right/light 							insure/ensure accept/except 							instance/incidence does/thus							cease/seize do/due								elicit/illicit continues/continuous						then/than wait/weight

He diagnoses; they diagnose; the diagnosis is; the diagnoses are

	The prices on the raffle prize packages have been changed. 	Besides (other than); beside (katabi) 	For quite some time; let’s meet sometime 	Return the file to closed status 	GAB Robins (not Robbins) 	“await” is the equivalent of “wait for” X – Since we are awaiting for the reports…. √ - Since we are waiting for the reports… √ - Since we are awaiting the reports… 	As soon as we receive… Once we receive… Until we receive… 	Applicant is in pro per. 	AMA Guides, not AME guides 	An overlap in payments; their bills have overlapped 	Medical workup 	Please ensure that (insurance facility) insured the applicant with medical coverage in the last 2 years. 	Ten cents in the dollar (spelled out / not figures) 	Claims – claims: use Claims if referring to the facility. Example: And then return the mileage request to Claims for processing. (AIG Claims Services) 	Don’t put a comma after “although”, before it is fine 	Whenever a verb comes after helping/linking/auxilliary verbs such as “be/being” or “is/was/were” or “has/had/have”, the verb should be in its past participle form. Example: be/was advised, be/was written, be/was placed in line for payment, have received 	at the Riverside WCAB, not in the Riverside WCAB 	Use the base form of the verb after modals such as “can-could-may-might-must-shall-should-will-would”; also after “did”. 	*can come; did produce (not did produced)
 * Use the base form

	In most instances, numbers 1-11 are spelled out, beyond that the numerical form is used. If referring to measurements/units and ranges however, use the numerical form always. 	Example: 1 hour and 15 minutes; two girls; 3 ft; level 6 out of 10; 2 to 3 weeks

	(lbs), not (lbs.)

	One-half, not one half; twenty-eight, not twenty eight

	As much as possible, use Furthermore, not Further (If it begins a sentence)

	in the area of orthopedics, not orthopedic

	Psych claim, not psyche claim (psyche refers to the injury or part of body)

	…the Permanent and Stationary report, dated September 1, 2004. The comma in this case is not necessary.

	Always abbreviate “etcetera” and affix a comma at the end if it does not end the sentence. (Issues such as permanent disability, future medical treatment, etc., were discussed in the report.)

	Advanced Radiology, not Advance

	Cedars-Sinai, not Cedar Sinai

	State Disability, not state disability (State Disability benefits)

	Presiding Judge Jones, not presiding Judge Jones

	Group 250, not group 250

	Real estate, not real state

	Psych claim, psyche injury

	Advise is used as a verb, advice as a noun. (Please advise me in writing of any further advice.) Advice has no plural form. (x Advices; √ pieces of advice).

	Compromise and Release Agreement (Agreement is also initial-capped) 	Pre-Trial Conference Statement

	Social Security Disability (initial caps)

	US HealthWorks

	Amended Application (both initial-capped); Amended Stipulation

	Rodgers Finding (not Rogers)

	Rogers waiver

	Buyout (one word) of vocational rehabilitation

	“I would appreciate it if…” (don’t forget “it”)

	“If at all possible” (not “if it all possible”)

	Order to Pay Lien Claimant

	AMA guidelines (commonly mistaken as AME guidelines); ACOEM guidelines

	Usually, therefor is used when said last at the end of sentence (common for Gurvitz et al accounts)

	Forward the letter on to (not onto)

	Worst-case scenario (not worse)

	The noun “advice” has no plural form. Use as is.

	Fax transmittal

	Order Taking Off Calendar (OTOC)

	Activities check

	Commas are unnecessary before and after phrases such as in fact, of course, unless dictated. (x if, in fact,)

	Overworked, overpayment, overcompensating, overhead, overuse

	Cease the payment (not seize the payment)

	Myofascial sprain (not myofacial)

	Common mistake: to ensure that (not “to insure”)

	Lion’s share

	Gallagher Bassett

	For all intents and purposes, not for all intensive purposes

	…in hopes of bringing this matter to resolution (not and hopes of…)

	She is a blonde. Her hair is blond.

	For Hattendorf: EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDED FURTHER HANDLING (Not EVALUATION RECOMMENDED FOR FURTHER HANDLING)

	The nurse in-charge (not in-charged)

	Unemployment benefit/s (not an employment benefits…)

	Dr. Akmakjian (not Akmajian)

	Lawsuit (don’t separate)

	Over time, his symptoms increased; The applicant frequently works overtime.

	hearing (it’s a general term; improper noun)

	human resources

	Forward to (don’t omit to) 	Injury on Duty 	The applicant received $1,500.00 TTD benefit, less advances… 	to Compromise and Release the case 	re-evaluation 	The applicant is claiming… (Put article “the” if first sentence in the paragraph)

	Remanded injury

HEDRICK:

	new Nabors case, Le Boeuf theory…

	Dr. Hrair Darakjian

	Expand abbreviations (AME, TTD, PD, C&R, Stip, Stip F&A, etc.)

	The applicant.… (not Applicant….) –at the beginning of the sentence

	Proper use- 	With regard to/ In regard to/ As regards e.g.   With regard to the cervical spine In regard to the memorandum order As regards the implementing powers

	Follow up- verb  e.g. the patient was advised to follow up with the doctor Followup- noun/adjective e.g. The patient went to the doctor’s office for a followup. (noun) The patient went to the doctor’s office for a followup examination. (adjective as it was followed by a noun)

	Maybe v May be Maybe- perhaps (baka) 	e.g. Maybe the painter thought the walls look dull in gray. May be- is a verb phrase that means “might be” or “could be” 	e.g. One of you may be a painter, another could be a writer…

	When the lawyer dictates “a hundred dollars,” please type it up as $100.00 and NOT a $100.00 (e.g. lawyer dictates I came up with a hundred forty eight dollars, please type it up as $148.00 and not a $148.00)

	Overtime is time in excess of a set limit; working time in excess of a standard day 	e.g. He rendered overtime work during the Christmas season

Over time – after a period of time 	e.g. To this end we find that words change in meaning over time.

	As soon as we receive/ until we receive/ once we receive

	For a walk-through/ I will walk it through/ I had the DOR walked through

	An MRI

	Stub v Stab If I stub my foot {stub is to strike (one’s foot or toe) against an object}

The victim had multiple stab wounds.

	Please advise as to the status

	The question posed to the applicant (NOT the question post to the applicant)

	Joint and several liability

	Further medical treatment such as physical therapy is warranted (not wanted)

	Steering wheel NOT stirring wheel

	Ado v Adieu ado (as in much ado about nothing) adieu (which is farewell/goodbye in French)

	Nighttime, postoperatively, ongoing, courtroom, reexamination, nonsteroidal, preexisting, noncompliant, reevaluation (except in Hirschberger where it must be re-evaluation)

	Please give me a 30-day come up (no dash)

	Medical workup (intensive medical study) NOT work-up (it is an undesirable deposit of ink on a surface being printed, caused by the forcing into type-high position of quads or other spacing material)

o	But in WAI & CONNOR it must be “medical work-up”

	Out-of-pocket expenses

	In two weeks’ time/ a few cents’ worth/ a month’s time

	When the lawyer dictates “pre and postoperative diagnoses,” type it up as “preoperative and postoperative diagnoses”

	The lumbar spine MRI revealed diffuse degenerative changes. (NOT diffused)

	….pick someone off the MPN list

	mowing the lawn 	at the time of/at that time -	remember that when the lawyer dictates at the time, you will also always hear the preposition “of” -	if he did not dictate “of,” use at that time

	adapt- to make fit (as for a specific or new use or situation) often by modification e.g. People who come to adapt come from all walks of life.

adopt- to accept formally and out into effect e.g. adopt a constitutional amendment

adept- thoroughly efficient e.g. adept in fixing cars

	sequelae (singular)- the condition following as a consequence of a disease sequela (plural)

	aide- a person who acts as an assistant; specifically : a military officer who acts as an assistant to a superior officer

aid- 	(verb) to provide with what is useful or necessary in achieving an end; to give assistance (noun) act of helping; help given; assistance

	distract- to stir up or confuse with conflicting emotions or motives

destruct- destroy

	cost and sanctions- a financial penalty imposed by a judge on a party or attorney for violation of a court rule, for receiving a special waiver of a rule, or as a fine for contempt of court. (If a fine, the sanction may be paid to the court or to the opposing party to compensate the other side for inconvenience or added legal work due to the rule violation.)

	she was somewhat worse in November 2000 as opposed to

	estopped- barred; specifically to impede by estoppel (a legal bar to alleging or denying a fact because of one’s own previous actions or words to the contrary)

	illegible- cannot be read eligible- qualified

	we will have to see how it plays out

	gastrointestinal tract

	use hyphens in compound numbers from 21 to 99 when they are written out (note: the only time they should be written out is at the beginning of a sentence) eg. 	Thirty-four one hundred fifty-three

	Proper use: the patient was operated on without incident (add ON even if it was not dictated)

	Percent is a single word

ENGLISH PREPOSITION RULE There is one very simple rule about prepositions. And, unlike most rules, this rule has no exceptions. Rule A preposition is followed by a "noun". It is never followed by a verb. By "noun" we include: •	noun (dog, money, love) •	proper noun (name) (Bangkok, Mary) •	pronoun (you, him, us) •	noun group (my first job) •	gerund (swimming) A preposition cannot be followed by a verb. If we want to follow a preposition by a verb, we must use the "-ing" form which is really a gerund or verb in noun form. Quick Quiz: In the following sentences, why is "to" followed by a verb? That should be impossible, according to the above rule: •	I would like to go now. •	She used to smoke. Here are some examples: Subject + verb	preposition	"noun" The food is	on	the table. She lives	in	Japan. Tara is looking	for	you. The letter is	under	your blue book. Pascal is used	to	English people. She isn't used	to	working. I ate	before	coming. Answer to Quick Quiz: In these sentences, "to" is not a preposition. It is part of the infinitive ("to go", "to smoke"). Prepositions of Place: at, in, on In general, we use: •	at for a POINT •	in for an ENCLOSED SPACE •	on for a SURFACE at	in	on POINT	ENCLOSED SPACE	SURFACE at the corner	in the garden	on the wall at the bus stop	in London	on the ceiling at the door	in France	on the door at the top of the page	in a box	on the cover at the end of the road	in my pocket	on the floor at the entrance	in my wallet	on the carpet at the crossroads	in a building	on the menu at the entrance	in a car	on a page Look at these examples: •	Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. •	The shop is at the end of the street. •	My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late. •	When will you arrive at the office? •	Do you work in an office? •	I have a meeting in New York. •	Do you live in Japan? •	Jupiter is in the Solar System. •	The author's name is on the cover of the book. •	There are no prices on this menu. •	You are standing on my foot. •	There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. •	I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard expressions: at	in	on at home	in a car	on a bus at work	in a taxi	on a train at school	in a helicopter	on a plane at university	in a boat	on a ship at college	in a lift (elevator)	on a bicycle, on a motorbike at the top	in the newspaper	on a horse, on an elephant at the bottom	in the sky	on the radio, on television at the side	in a row	on the left, on the right at reception	in Oxford Street	on the way

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on We use: •	at for a PRECISE TIME •	in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS •	on for DAYS and DATES at	in	on PRECISE TIME	MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS	DAYS and DATES at 3 o'clock	in May	on Sunday at 10.30am	in summer	on Tuesdays at noon	in the summer	on 6 March at dinnertime	in 1990	on 25 Dec. 2010 at bedtime	in the 1990s	on Christmas Day at sunrise	in the next century	on Independence Day at sunset	in the Ice Age	on my birthday at the moment	in the past/future	on New Year's Eve Look at these examples: •	I have a meeting at 9am. •	The shop closes at midnight. •	Jane went home at lunchtime. •	In England, it often snows in December. •	Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future? •	There should be a lot of progress in the next century. •	Do you work on Mondays? •	Her birthday is on 20 November. •	Where will you be on New Year's Day? Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions: Expression	Example at night	The stars shine at night. at the weekend	I don't usually work at the weekend. at Christmas/Easter	I stay with my family at Christmas. at the same time	We finished the test at the same time. at present	He's not home at present. Try later. Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions: in	on in the morning	on Tuesday morning in the mornings	on Saturday mornings in the afternoon(s)	on Sunday afternoons in the evening(s)	on Monday evening When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on. •	I went to London last June. (not in last June) •	He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday) •	I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter) •	We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

=
=========================================================================== DETERMINERS Determiners are words like the, an, my, some. They are grammatically similar. They all come at the beginning of noun phrases, and usually we cannot use more than one determiner in the same noun phrase. Articles: •	a, an, the Possessives: •	my, your, his, her, our, their Other determiners: •	each, every •	either, neither •	any, some, no •	much, many; more, most •	little, less, least •	few, fewer, fewest •	what, whatever; which, whichever •	both, half, all •	several •	enough

Determiners: A, An or The? When do we say "the dog" and when do we say "a dog"? (On this page we talk only about singular, countable nouns.) The and a/an are called "articles". We divide them into "definite" and "indefinite" like this: Articles Definite	Indefinite the	a, an We use "definite" to mean sure, certain. "Definite" is particular. We use "indefinite" to mean not sure, not certain. "Indefinite" is general. When we are talking about one thing in particular, we use the. When we are talking about one thing in general, we use a or an. Think of the sky at night. In the sky we see 1 moon and millions of stars. So normally we would say: •	I saw the moon last night. •	I saw a star last night. Look at these examples: the	a, an •	The capital of France is Paris. •	I have found the book that I lost. •	Have you cleaned the car? •	There are six eggs in the fridge. •	Please switch off the TV when you finish. •	I was born in a town. •	John had an omelette for lunch. •	James Bond ordered a drink. •	We want to buy an umbrella. •	Have you got a pen? Of course, often we can use the or a/an for the same word. It depends on the situation, not the word. Look at these examples: •	We want to buy an umbrella. (Any umbrella, not a particular umbrella.) •	Where is the umbrella? (We already have an umbrella. We are looking for our umbrella, a particular umbrella.)

This little story should help you understand the difference between the and a, an:

A man and a woman were walking in Oxford Street. The woman saw a dress that she liked in a shop. She asked the man if he could buy the dress for her. He said: "Do you think the shop will accept a cheque? I don't have a credit card."

Determiners: Each, Every Each and every have similar but not always identical meanings. Each = every one separately Every = each, all Sometimes, each and every have the same meaning: •	Prices go up each year. •	Prices go up every year. But often they are not exactly the same. Each expresses the idea of 'one by one'. It emphasizes individuality. Every is half-way between each and all. It sees things or people as singular, but in a group or in general. Consider the following: •	Every artist is sensitive. •	Each artist sees things differently. •	Every soldier saluted as the President arrived. •	The President gave each soldier a medal. Each can be used in front of the verb: •	The soldiers each received a medal. Each can be followed by 'of': •	The President spoke to each of the soldiers. •	He gave a medal to each of them. Every cannot be used for 2 things. For 2 things, each can be used: •	He was carrying a suitcase in each hand. Every is used to say how often something happens: •	There is a plane to Bangkok every day. •	The bus leaves every hour.

Verbs with each and every are always conjugated in the singular.

Determiners: Some, Any Some = a little, a few or a small number or amount Any = one, some or all Usually, we use some in positive (+) sentences and any in negative (-) and question (?) sentences. some	any	example situation +	I have some money. I have $10. -	 	I don't have any money. I don't have $1 and I don't have $10 and I don't have $1,000,000. I have $0. ?	 	Do you have any money? Do you have $1 or $10 or $1,000,000?

In general, we use something/anything and somebody/anybody in the same way as some/any.

Look at these examples: •	He needs some stamps. •	I must go. I have some homework to do. •	I'm thirsty. I want something to drink. •	I can see somebody coming. •	He doesn't need any stamps. •	I can stay. I don't have any homework to do. •	I'm not thirsty. I don't want anything to drink. •	I can't see anybody coming. •	Does he need any stamps? •	Do you have any homework to do? •	Do you want anything to drink? •	Can you see anybody coming? We use any in a positive sentence when the real sense is negative. •	I refused to give them any money. (I did not give them any money) •	She finished the test without any difficulty. (she did not have any difficulty) Sometimes we use some in a question, when we expect a positive YES answer. (We could say that it is not a real question, because we think we know the answer already.) •	Would you like some more tea? •	Could I have some sugar, please?

=
============================================================================ GRAMMAR GUIDES

The Present Tense. Add -s or -es to the present---the first principal part---to form the third-person singular form of the present tense:  he wishes, she acts. Use the unchanged present form for all other singular and plural forms of present tense: I wish, you act, we wish, they act.

Use the present tense to express any of these actions: (1) a present action, (2) a regularly occurring action, or (3) a constant or generally true action.

Present Action	The apple tastes sour. Regular Action	The ticket office opens at nine each morning. Constant Action	Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius

Use the present historical tense to express a past action as if it were happening now. This tense is also used frequently for writing about a piece of literature.

General Pershing places a wreath on the tomb and says, “Lafayette, we are here.” Juliet steps onto her balcony and proclaims her love to the night.

The Past Tense. To form the past tense of a regular verb, add -d or -ed to the present: she joked, they laughed, they pushed, we pulled. The past tense of an irregular verb is the third principal part of the verb: it sank, I swam.

To express an action that began and ended in the past, use the past tense.

The government hanged John Brown on charges of treason on December 2, 1859.

The Future Tense. To form the future tense, place the auxiliary verb shall or will before the present form of a verb: I shall investigate, you will investigate, they will investigate.

Use the future tense to express an action that will take place some time after this moment.

They will make a report on the incident to us We shall tell the truth about what happened.

You can also express a future action by using the present tense of a verb with an adverb or a group of words that tell of a future time.

From now on, people may think twice before smoking. (The phrase From now on tells of a future time.)

Using the Perfect Tense. To form the present perfect tense, place the auxiliary verb has or have before the past participle of a verb: she has arrived, we have seen her. Use the present perfect tense to express (1) an action completed at an indefinite time in the past or (2) an action that started in the past and continues at the present time.

The commercial jet has made the world a smaller place. (action completed at an indefinite time) These swift planes have carried passengers and cargo since the 1950’s. (action continuing into present)

The Past Perfect Tense. To form the past perfect tense, place the auxiliary verb had before the past participle of a verb: I had shouted, she had heard. Use the past perfect tense to express a past action that took place before another past action.

Thomas Jefferson had supported the French Revolution until he heard of its excesses.

The Future Perfect Tense. To form the future perfect tense, place the auxiliary verbs shall have or will have before the past participle of a verb. Use the future perfect tense to express a future action that will take place before another future action.

The play will have run for six years when it closes next week.

Problems in Using Tenses

Study the following guidelines to avoid special problems related to the use of tenses.

Special Uses of the Past Perfect. In some sentences, two verbs express actions that happened at different times: one action happened before the other. To express the action that happened first, use the past perfect tense. Use the simple past tense to express the other action.

Incorrect	In the 1970s, many pilots reported they sighted UFO’s. Correct	In the 1970s, many pilots reported they had sighted UFO’s.

The incorrect sentence below tells about two past actions. The past action in the if clause occurred before the past action in the other clause. This error is corrected by omitting would have and using the past perfect of the verb in the if clause.

Incorrect	North America might be very different today if the colonies would have lost the American Revolution. Correct	North America night be very different today if the colonies had lost the American Revolution.

Using Having with a Past Participle. To show that one action was completed before another, use having with the past participle in the participial phrase.

Incorrect	Losing the Battle of Yorktown, General Cornwallis surrendered the British armies to General Washington. (Cornwallis had lost before he surrendered.) Correct	Having lost the Battle of Yorktown, General Cornwallis surrendered the British armies to General Washington.

Using Present and Perfect Infinitives. The present infinitive (to sign) and the perfect infinitive (to have signed) are used to express actions that take place at different times.

Use the present infinitive form to express an action that happens after another action.

Incorrect	The leaders of the two countries had hoped to have signed the treaty before the end of the year. (The perfect infinitive is incorrect. The action it is intended to express happened after the action expressed by had hoped.) Correct	The leaders of the two countries had hoped to sign the treaty before the end of the year.

Use the perfect infinitive to express an action that happens before another action.

Romeo felt ashamed to have slain Juliet’s cousin. (The perfect infinitive is used correctly to express an action that happened before the action the verb felt expresses.)

Principal Parts Present	Present Participle	Past	Past Participle pull	(is) pulling	pulled	(have) pulled Simple Tenses Singular	Plural Present Tense First Person	I pull	we pull Second Person	you pull	you pull Third Person	he, she, it pulls	they pull Past Tense First Person	I pulled	we pulled Second Person	you pulled	you pulled Third Person	he, she, it pulled	they pulled Future Tense (will or shall + the present form) First Person	I will (shall) pull	we will (shall) pull Second Person	you will pull	you will pull Third Person	he, she, it will pull	they will pull Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Tense (has or have + the past participle) First Person	I have pulled	we have pulled Second Person	you have pulled	you have pulled Third Person	he, she, it has pulled	they have pulled Past Perfect Tense (had + the past participle) First Person	I had pulled	we had pulled Second Person	you had pulled	you had pulled Third Person	he, she, it had pulled	they had pulled Future Perfect Tense (will have or shall have + the past participle) First Person	I will (shall) have pulled	we will (shall) have pulled Second Person	you will have pulled	you will have pulled Third Person	he, she, it will have pulled	they will have pulled