User talk:MarciWilson/Free Thinkers sandbox

Marci, I have gone over the accuracy part of this and so far things are looking good``` I put this at the top of the sandbox for the group It can be used in mechanisms part and I will continue to work on goal-orientated side hope this helps ( Lucretia ) I will work more on the goal-oriented side of things but I think this could help in the Mechanisms part what do you think?

Mechanisms Early research on the evaluation and integration of information supported a cognitive approach consistent with Bayesian probability (Links to an external site.), in which individuals weighted new information using rational calculations. More recent theories endorse cognitive processes as partial explanations of motivated reasoning but have also introduced motivational or affective processes to further illuminate the mechanisms of the bias inherent in cases of motivated reasoning. To further complicate the issue, the first neuro-imaging study designed to test the neural circuitry of individuals engaged in motivated reasoning found that motivated reasoning "was not associated with neural activity in regions previously linked with cold reasoning tasks [Bayesian reasoning] and conscious (explicit) emotion regulation". However, current research refutes that conclusion. “Banks and Hope (2014) early conflict sensitivity findings indicate that logical reasoning --- a process that is traditionally believed to require slow System 2 computations ---can literally be accomplished in a split second.” That is according to Bago, et al. EEG study which shows that elementary logical reasoning happens in the same neurocircuitry as the emotional fast reasoning. (Ref. # here for Bago, et al. article)

The next section focuses on two theories that elucidate the mechanisms involved in motivated reasoning. Both theories distinguish between mechanisms present when the individual is trying to reach an accurate conclusion, and those present when the individual has a directional goal.

Bago, B, et al., (2018) Fast and Slow Thinking: Electrophysiological Evidence for Early Conflict Sensitivity, Neuropsychologia, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. 117: 483-490 Found at: http://doi.org/10.1016/J.neurophyschologia.2018.07.017

Lucretia Park, 8 November 2019`` ``` — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mamaluke78 (talk • contribs) 01:57, 11 November 2019 (UTC) I am still trying to figure out the group Sandbox here are a few more references for this week 10/12 I have posted them on the dashboard memo 8 and they are in my sandbox as well here are my 3 references

Dusso, A., & Kennedy, S.S., (2015) Does Ignorance Matter? The Relative Importance of Civic Knowledge and the Human Tendency to Engage in Motivated Reasoning, Journal of Public & Nonprofit Affairs. 1 (1): p.59 -72 DOI 10.20899/jpna.1.1.59-72. Found at: http://doaj.org/article/0409eac8ae96498497c3f2a279b3bca9

Jilke, S., (2018) Citizen Satisfaction under changing Political Leadership: The role of Partisan Motivated Reasoning, Governance, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey. 31(3) p.515-533. Located ar: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.uvu.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=7&...

Noval, L., The Unwitting Accomplice: How Organizations Enable Motivated Reasoning and Self-Serving Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 157 (3) p.699-713. Found at: http://eds.a.egscohost.com. ezproxy.uvu.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=20… (Mamaluke78 (talk) 02:28, 13 October 2019 (UTC)) What do you think of this as a possible way to explain Motivated Reasoning for our article?

"Motivated Reasoning is seen in cognitive science and social psychology as a mechanism people use that is emotion-driven to come to a conclusion that is most favorable. This comes about by the desire to avoid cognitive dissonance. People use motivated reasoning as a mechanism to evaluate arguments, conversations and asses data in order to quickly reach a conclusion they wish for rather than accept the evidence of the most logical explanation. Motivated Reasoning can play a part in daily activities. An example of this may be watching a close ending of a ball game. One might assume a biased outcome quickly on what is the most favorable conclusion to them if the referee makes a hard to tell call on the winning point. However, on the contrary, one might easily except the evidence and not call to question the final judgment made." (Mamaluke78 (talk) 01:48, 7 October 2019 (UTC)) Lucretia ParkMamaluke78 (talk) 00:51, 13 October 2019 (UTC)