User talk:Maurice87

Afro- American studies is an intelligent way of understanding and interpreting African American life. It is a form of study which helps to further understand what was so limited to the mind in earlier education.

DuBois, Woodson, Frazier, and Hughes were all intellectuals who had some type of impact on Black history. Most of these individuals if not all, contributed a great deal through writing and poetry. These men despite ones education being taken from him not only fought through writing but also with their tongues verbally.

The movement was conducted through unfairness of education in higher learning. So of course, students did not approve fo this and became raged. This rage branched off into four stages..... Innovatio which was where the Black students protested and attacked to have action taken. Experimentation is where programs and structures where developed. Crisis is when students were forced to take action after resources and finances were cut off. Institutionalization was a strategy conducted which began the start for an effective academic standard.

The African Continent

The African continent's land is very unique. Not only is it different form other countries but it is also the same. The African land is beautiful soil which holds ground for Affrican homes, people, and other types of resources. Africa compared to Europe, the U.S.A. and Soviet Union has rich soil and contributes to many crops. Though Africa's mostly known for its solid materials such as chrome, silver, copper, etc. Africa's land still has the resources to produce very useful and effective crops.

The countries Africa, U.S.A., Europe, and the Soviet Union all possess different numbers of population. With Africa having one of the lowest population doesn't really compare to the other countries. Africa has been plagued with HIV/AIDS for many years and this is much of the cause of the decline in population. Africa like many other countries contain very diversified ways of life and languages. America and Europe are similar to Africa in some ways. Not with land but different cultures, languages, and religion.

Natural resources can make and break a country. For example, back in slavery days, Africa's resources help to develop Africa in a way. Africa's tin, copper, and other solid materials made collateral for slaves. Europe traded iron and guns with Africa for slaves. Though this seemed like treachery, it was a way of surviving against neighboring African countries who also sought out to retrieve and obtain these resources for and advancemnt in being stronger against other African countries.

Colonialism was a form of imperialism. Colonialism is where capitalists or monopolists monopolized the wealth i a country and these monopolists could only expand in a few certain ways such as:

turning to, the rich raw materials, land, and people of other parts of the world.

References: Intro to African American Studies: A. Alkalimat African American Experience in Cyberspace: A. Alkalimat www.web.worldbank.org

African American Studies: Chapter 3
The triangular trade was a trade between three countries: England, colonial America, and Africa. England and America both equally spplied exports and ships. Of course Africa provided the slaves which were brought by ships to the plantations where they were later exchanged/traded for manufactured goods. According to Professor A. Alkalimat, as the volume of the trade increased, the triangular trade was supplemented, but never supplanted. Which clearly states that the Triangular trade was already substantially complete, and would not be taken the place of.

The rising of capitalists class shows the way in which Europe was connected to the slave trade. For instance, capitalism was an increase in the use of machineery and demand for raw materials. Not only Africans but also Europeans were exploited in the factories which housed this machinery and raw materials.The capitalist class in America was only similar by the use of machines. But America took these machines and sparked what is now known as the Industrial Revolution.

England is what I like to call a powerhouse of the slave trade. Because England was the more dominant country during the slave trade days, the profits and rewards it obtained were outstanding. England also supplied America with most of its slaves. By America not having the money to build ships that could withstand the long trip to Africa, England also supplied Americas durable ships. Howefer, the slave trade had little impact on America. America did recieve profit for slaves as did everyone else. But Americas' lack of finance prohibited America to fully be a part of the slave trade.

The Browns family were part of shipping and exporting to all parts of the world. Most of the Brown's family fortune was achieved through selling slaves or by providing goods to others who were involved in slave trading as well.

References: Intro to African American Studies: A. Alkalimat African American Experience in Cyberspace www.google/industrialrevolution.com web.worldbank.org

African American Studies: Chapter 4
There were a few different types of occupations slaves had to engage in. There was two types of slaves. Such types as: house slaves and field slaves. Of course, house slaves worked more in or around the house where they were subject to enfoy the shade versus the hot scortching sun and vast living conditions which constantly threatened the lives of field slaves. The life of slaves did not only differ on the actual plantation but also within/compared to the city. For example, in the countryside slaves ere owned by landowners/slave owners compared to the city where an individual was owned by a company which might be owned by another individual.

Comparing the factors which both tended to weaken and strengthen slavery are quite simple and self-explainitory. The government (those who had power, money, respect, etc.) chose to keep slavery around because with slavery a great deal of profit was brewed. Many who were involved with both slave trading and slave owning sought out to continue the slave process so that their riches would not end and money would continue to grow. The government and all other powers were dominated by slave holders which meant the continuous process of slavery.

However, there were a few groups, or individuals who wanted to abolish slavery. So a few methods of abolishing slavery were introduced. Hiring out which was where slaves could get jobs and pay off their owners. Some slaves earned enough to even purchase their freedom. Manumission is where a slave owner with a kind heart, just let his/her slave go. Of course, the obvious was running away to the northern free states or Canada through the Underground Railroad. Race mixing I believe is where the sexual exploitation of Black women wa the usual form of amalgamation of Blacks and whites. Slave revolts is where slaves themselves took action through violence in an attempt to free themselves. Slave revolts were a particularly popular method of freedom. Though it lead to many deaths of significant figures, people still seen the principle that it was better to die free than live as a slave. Slavery eas a horrible time period.

References: Intro to African American Studies: A. Alkalimat African American Experience in Cyberspace: A. Alkalimat web.worldbank.org www.google/slavetrade.com

William Attaway
William Attaway was born in Greenville, Mississippi on November 19, 1911 to the union of his mother: Florence Parry Attaway and father: William Attaway. William's mom was a teacher and his dad was a medical doctor. William grew up in a professional family which moved around alot. For example, when he was just six years old he moved from his hometown in Greenville to Chicago, Illinois. William attended a vocational high school in hopes to become an auto mechanic. As any other African American during that time would've thought, William Attaway believed it would be impossible for him to become something as an adult until he was influenced by a Langston Hughes poem. After finding out that Hughes was black. The death of his father forced William to dropout of the University of Illinois, where he was a tennis champion, and become a hobo for about two years where he worked as a seaman, salesman, and labor organizer.

While working on writing the federal writers guide to Illinois, William met another Mississippi writer by the name of Richard Wright. Soon after, William returned to college at the University of Illinois, where he recieved his degree and later moved to New York City around the time the drama "Carnival" was published by him. Attaway went on to complete many writings including his publishing of "Tale of the Blackamoor." Though Attaway's reviews from critics were good, he was still unable to attract the attention of the public. After Blood on the Forge was published, he did not write any more novels but rather songs, books about music, and screenplays. In the fifties he began writing for radio, films, and TV. Attaway wrote over 500 hundred songs. Attaway was the first black writer to write scripts for TV and films.

Attaway lived with his wife, Frances, and two children in Barbados for seven years. The last few years of William Attaway's life was hard. 1st being robbed of two hundred fifty thousand dollars by police and given to the Mexican police. In 1985, William Attaway suffered a heart attack, and died on June 17, 1986 of cancer.

References:

Salem on Literature: Enotes Literature Pass African American Registry: John Wiley and Sons William Attaway: Ashley Shrez Odem Intro to African American Studies: A. Alkalimat

Tenant farmer
Thanks for trying improve the article on the Tenant farmer. Unfortunately, a great deal of your addition was either duplicative, or more directly related to sharecropping. There is a reason that the first sentence of Types (of Tenant Farmer) referred the reader to the article on Sharecropping. The point is not to duplicate material throughout the Wikipedia, it is to link it. Also, please read the Manual of Style and Citing sources. --Bejnar 15:39, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Employment for Blacks in the Earlier Days
Blacks workers have to suffer alot when it comes to working. Some examples of experiences that Blacks have to face depend mostly on race. Such as stereotyping and labeling blacks in degrading forms of being. For example one stereotype many blacks have to face is that they are lazy and do not work hard. Another stereotype blacks have to face is that they are theiving, coniving people who don't know how to work hard and earn the money they need to purchase the necessary things they want and need. Because some whit people are not accustomed to black people they are uncomfortable with working with or even hiring black people and because of this, black people can't just walk in and work anywhere they wish to. It is a very complicated process.

Blacks have to worry about appearance, language, and tone. Which is obviously unfair. Only some areas of the world are still prejudice or even discriminated against blacks. Whites even have to worry about the way they to to look for work. the only thing that really matters when it comes to hiring and working with other ethnicities is hard work and profit. However, there are still some businesses who discriminate because of race or religion. It is also popular to disguise these reasons for not hiring an individual but discrimination does still occur. It just isn't as visible as it use to be back in the old days.

I do not believe that trade unions have ever taken a strong position. According to the readings, almost as soon as trade unions failed they never tried to re-establish any kind of union o help the working class. I mean of course many cooperations and groups tried to create a form of a union to help black people. Alot of the earlier trade unions failed and never were heard of again. Because so many unions failed it forced many black organizations to form separate unions. And with separate unions came separate beliefs which sent the blacks initiated with these unions into two different directions with their different beliefs.

The Black Middle Class
The Black middle class had many origins and historical development over the three main periods of the Afro-American experience. In the slave period no one black was superior to the next. Everyone was owned by a slave master though later on in history some blacks did become free and own slaves. (Some for profit, some were family and friends who were bought out of slavery/freed by a family member or friend.) But the origin of the slave period for the most part was that all black people had the same basic class position. Historically however this began to change when blacks started becoming free and earning enough money to own their own slaves.

The rural period started the end of slaves class relations. According to A. Alkalimat, after some experimentation, wage labor was rejected due to the mass resistence and independence of the newly fhe reed slave workers. During the rural period the main basis of class privilege was ownership of farmland. The main development of the rural period was the significance that black people had started to branch off and become an actual factor in everyday life. Though they were still treated unfairly, they still started to make moves to head into the next period.

The urban period generally originated in the city. It was primarily in the city that the Black middle class developed. The urban period was basically the both economic and educational development of the Black middle class. Also blacks during the urban period started to believe that mimicking white people and getting on their good side, could mean more profit and bigger benefits. I believe the urban period is what shaped many African Americans' minds that if they acted a "little more white" than maybe they could fit in and become an equal part of society. Though blacks and their businesses has begaan o grow since the urban period started, they still hold no significance or superiority to white businesses.

Africa's Continent
The African continent's land is very unique. Not only is it different from other countries but in its own way it is also the same. The African land is beautiful soil which holds ground for African homes,people, and other types of resources. Africa compared to Europe, the U.S.A. and Soviet Union has rich soil and contributes to many crops. Though Africa is mostly known for its solid materials such as chrome, silver, copper, etc. Africa's land still has the resources to produce very useful and effective crops.

The countries Africa, U.S.A., Europe, and the Soviet Union all possess different numbers of population. With Africa having one of the lowest population doesn't really compare to the other countries. Africa has been plagued with HIV/AIDS for many years and this is much of the cause of the decline in population. Africa like many other countries congtain very diversified ways of life and languages. America and Europe are similar to Africa in some ways. Not with land but different culture, language, and religions.

Natural resources can make and break a country. For example, back in slavery days, Africa's resources help to develop Africa in a way. Africa's tin, copper, and other solid materials made collateral for slaves. Europe traded iron and guns with Africa for slaves. Though this seemed like treachery, it was a way of surviving against neighboring African countries who also saught out to retrieve and obtain these resources for an advancement in being stronger against other African countries.

Colonialism was a form of imperialism. Colonialism is where capitalists or monopolists monopolize the wealth in a country and these monopolists can only expand in a few certain forms and ways.

References:

Intro to African American Studies: A. Alkalimat African American Experience in Cyberspace: A. Alkalimat web.worldbank.org