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Jewish Nationalism In Antiquity
While nationalism is considered a modern phenomenon by many historians, it has deep roots in Jewish antiquity, as supported by historian David Goodblatt in his book, Elements of Ancient Jewish Nationalism. Through mechanisms such as the Hebrew language and the role of scripture, early Jewish national identity was upheaved. Nationalism has attributed to the fostering and maintaining of the Jewish people’s cohesiveness and invigoration in an early time of survival.

Defining Nationalism in Antiquity It has been cited that “most scholars agree that nationalism is a creature only of the past 200 years of history” (Irad Milkan). Many historians explain that nationalism is a modern invention as nations did not exist in antiquity. Yet, while nations may be of modern phenomena, ethnic groups have a longer history. Historian Irad Milkan writes, “Whereas nationalism is certainly a modern phenomenon, ethnicity is not. While there is much debate, nationalism does have roots in ethnic identity. As a result, David Goodblatt in Elements of Ancient Jewish Nationalism, consequently writes he will “use the terms “ethnicity and “national identity” interchangeably.” In addition, he explains that the traits of nationalism present make it such that nationalism did exist in antiquity.

Role of Scripture Belief in shared kinship, and a common culture was widespread among ancient Judeans, helping spread a national identity. Historian David Goodblatt explores how such beliefs were able to spread amongst the Jewish people and he explains that it is dubious to assume that family traditions went far back enough or extended broadly enough to lead thousands of people spread over an extensive area to believe they were in fact all related. Historian Fergus Millar suggests that “the possession of a text, the Bible, which was both a national history and a source of law; a national language, Hebrew; a system of law…; social institution, such as schools, synagogues, and Sabbath worship” all progressed national identity and their nationalist movements of a strikingly modern kind. Through ideals promoted in scripture, such as religious observance practices and cultural customs, such ideals became part of national identity, Goodblatt argues. Scripture has been credited to have been a very effective medium in orchestrating the spread of nationalist identity.

Hebrew Language

The usage and promotion of the Hebrew language was a powerful medium in the expansion of national identity. Goodblatt cites the Hebrew language as a ‘defining feature in preserving and growing Jewish Identity.’ There is great controversy regarding whether or not Hebrew was the primary language in early Jewish settlements as Aramaic has been named by many to have taken its place. According to Irad Milkan, while Hebrew has been present in scripture, most of the people at the time were illiterate, and subsequently Hebrew in some areas was not actively spoken. Even so, David Goodblatt explains that “the mere presence of the language spoken or written for could invoke the concept of a Jewish national identity. Even if one knew no Hebrew or was illiterate, one could recognize that a group of signs was in Hebrew script. One might not understand a set of words heard, but one would still know they were in Hebrew. Those who knew the scriptures only in translation, even in if they believed that the translation was as inspired as the original, still were aware that there was an original written in Hebrew. However ignorant one might be of the language, one knew it was the language of the ancestors. Thus for people who identified as Jewish, Hebrew was always “their language.””

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17:08, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

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