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Goria People of Assam
GORIA PEOPLE OF ASSAM

Goria ( English : Goria) is an indigenous Islamic community in Assam. The behaviour, culture, traditions of this community are not different from other indigenous communities of Assam. Apart from the religious aspect, no Muslim in India and the world has any cultural, linguistic and traditional similarities with the Gorias. GORIA Total Population Aprox. 4 Million Regions with significant populations India ( Assam) Language- Assamese Religion :- Islam ( Sunni) Related ethnic groups :- Ahom, Moran, Matak, Chutia, Deori, Koch, Kalita, Kachari, Maria etc

Ethomology :- “Goria” is an Assamese word. According to modern Assamese dictionary, the word Goria means to be excluded, curve improperly, unable to improve or developed, rice which is not frying well  or karya, Muslim etc. Chandrakanta dictionary and Saraighat dictionary published by Gauhati University explains in the same way. It is also interpreted in the Hemkokh as “Yovan” or “Muslim”, but it is explained therein as, “ there is no similarity of opinion to the essence of this word. Some say that because of Mohammed Ghauris companion, that name is,. According to some, the king of Assam brought some Muslim Tailors from Gaud Country, who were called as Gaudiya by the local people and from that word the word “Goria” come out. However, the meaning of the word Goria in the Hemkosh does not match that of other Assamese dictionaries. Murshidabad and Malda district of West Bengal are the present geographical area which once constitute the ancient Gaur Country or State. The kings and subject of that Gaur Country were all Hindus and the said Gaur Country  existed only till 625 A.D. On the contrary, Islam came to Assam in 1206. Therefore, the views put forward in Hemkosh that the Goria Islamic Community of Assam came from Gaur Country has no Historical and scientific basis. Some practical sentences supported by the dictionary meaning of the word “Goria” have been prevalent in Assamese Society, such as Goria rice, Pithaguri Goria , Goria Pora etc. History :- The word “Goria” for the first time introduced in Assam history in the 13th Century. When the Tai Prince Choulung Sukafa set foot on the Soumarpeeth of erstwhile Assam after crossing the Patkai mountain, he met a man of Goria named Chengsai on the way and settled him  under his administration. Chengsai’s family later on known as Bakatiyal. Chengsai Goria was not muslim. This is mentioned in “ Ahomr Din” written by Hiteshwar Barbarua. Earlier the Gorias belongs from various ethnic groups  of Assam like- Moran, Matak, Barahi, Chutia, Koch, Ahom, Kachari, Mesh etc. In ancient time Soumarpeeth was home to various ethnic groups. The Chutiyas among these ethnic groups first converted to Hinduism when Hinduism expanded in Assam and later on Hinduism gradually expanded among other communities as well. But inspite of that some people in one village remained in a position to worship the nature as before and did not converted to Hinduism their fellow villagers did. Gradually those people became excluded in their own society. As a result they left their residences and settled near their former villages or far away. The people of their former villages called them “ Goria Pora” ( people who are excluded) and the word “ Goria Pora” ( People who are excluded)  gradually converted to the word “Goria” which gradually became used to understand a particular population. Initially the Gorias neither practiced Islamic faith nor they were Muslim. They were the people who did not converted to classical Hinduism and did not assimilated with the Aryanization process, they are the people who were excluded from the society and locally came to known as Goria pora i.e. people who are excluded. But later on in advent of various Islamic Sufi saint to the land of Assam, these Excluded Assamese people (Goria Pora) being attracted with their teaching  converted to Islam. A large number of Goria people converted to Islam especially being attracted by the Islamic message preached by Azan Fakir ( Shah Milan ) a 17th Century Sufi saint came from Baghdad, present day Iraq. This Sufi Saint – Azan Pir Saheb has made an outstanding contribution to Assamese culture by creating devotional songs called “Jikir” and “ Jari”. This is how indigenous Muslim Goria ethnic community swells from “ Goria pora” ( People who are excluded) people in Assam. Although earlier Goria’s were not Muslim, but presently the all the people of Goria Ethnic groups practiced Islamic faith. Being attracted with the message propagated by Sufi Saints many local people from Hindu faith were converted to Islam. Those who converted to Islam from Hinduism were expelled from their village society. Those newly converted people also assimilated with the Goria people. The Ahom King of Assam brought many Muslim artisan and people skilled in various field  to Assam for doing various works. Those people assimilated with the Goria people by establishing marital relations. Apart from that, Sufi saints who came to Assam at different times also get married to local girls of Assam and stay in Assam. Their decedents also assimilated with the local Goria community at one point of time. Many of the descendents of those sufi Saints who came to Assam  use the word “ Sayyid “  before their names and therefore they are also know as “ Sayyids”. In addition Ahom King Rudra Singha brought eight houses of people from different places to Assam for improving the Technical aspect in the kingdom. Those eight houses of people are – 1. Persipariya, 2. Akharkatiya, 3. Shilakatiya, 4. Gunakatiya, 5. Khanikar, 6. Tailor, 7. Negaria and 8. Jolha ( Not the tea tribe muslim Jolha). Although these people were brought to Assam for improvement in technical field, but later on they assimilated with the local Goria community through Goriazation and thus become a essential part of Goria Ethnic community. 90% people of Goria ethnic groups are people who converted to Islam after excluded ( Goria Pora) from different local ethnic group of Assam and the remaining 10% are from the families brought to Assam for various reasons during the days of Ahom Kings of Assam. Like Soumarpeeth ( Upper Assam), the lower Assam is also one of the habitats of the Goria people. A large part of Lower Assam including Guwahati was under the rule of Delhi Sultanate and Mughal empire for nearly 70 years. At that time, a large number of Sufi saints  came to Assam. Attracted by the religious messages they preached a large number of locals converted to Islam. For Example Kalitakuchi village near Hajo is one such converted village. They were called locally as Goria. This is mentioned in the book named “ History of Assamese People” written by Dr. Nagen Saikia, former President of Assam Sahitya Sabha. Hazrat Giasuddin Auliyas Mausoleum ( Mazar) and Puwa Macca mosque of Hajo were built during that period. Another example is the Mausoleum ( mazar) of Hazrat Rangman Aulia located between Haldhibari village and Dandua village  of Morigaon district. This Mausoleum is located in the midst of a completely indigenous  Hindu settlement. One thing can be inferred from that, many tribal and non-tribal people of that area converted to Islam when the came in close proximity to Sufis. Demography and population :- Goria people mainly live in the District of Tinsukiya, Dibrugarh, Sivsagar, Charaideo, Jorhat, Golaghat, Nagaon, Lakhimpur , Biswanath, Sonitpur, Darrang, Morigaon, Kamrup , kamrup (M), Nalbari, Barpeta, Bongaigaon and Goalpara. All this district are situated in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam. The Goria people have a population of approximately 4 million which amounts 11% of the population of Assam. The Gorias are majority among the Muslim in Golaghat, Darrang, Jorhat, Sivsagar, Charaideu, Dibrugarh, Nalbari  and they have a sizable population in Kamrup, Kamrup (M), Morigaon, Nagaon, Sonitpur. Language :-  Goria is an indigenous community of Assam and they all are speaking Assamese language. Goria people are one of the essential part of Assamese speaking people of Assam. Notable people:- The Goria’s have a remarkable contribution towards the Assamese society and Assamese national identity. Even after the goria’s are Muslim, during the Mughal invasion of Assam they armed themselves against the Mughals in the interest of their country and  their own country man, although the Mughals practiced the same religion as like the Goria’s i.e. Islam. Because of these Character of the Goria’s, Sahabuddin Talis, the chronologer who accompanied the Mughal General  Mir Jumla in his invasion to Assam being annoyed referred the Gorias Muslim in their name only. Some of the notable Goria are - Gendhela Goria- The manufacturer of the biggest Ahom Cannon Ripunjay Ramjan Kha Hiloidhari Barua - The last General of Ahom Kingdom, Died in the battle of Mohgar, 1822. Sultan Goria - Who tried to resist Mir Jumla, the Mughal general on his capture of Gorgaon was a Goria people. Bagh Hazarikia @ Ismail Siddique, Laidhan Kha, Bhakuwa Goria, Petua Goria – Warrior who fought the battle of Saraighat. Sheikh Farmud Ali and Bahadur Gaonbura @ Bahdil- two main conspirator of 1957 mutiny in Assam. Abul Majid- The first Assamese judge of High Court, he is the first Assamese person elevated to judge at Calcutta High Court. DR. Moidul Islam Bora- The first Assamese to receive the title of Doctorate. Nawab Sahidur Rahman - The only Assamese martyr of Azad Hind Fauj. Fakruddin Ali Ahmed- Former president of India and the only Assamese to get that post. Colonel. Jalnur Ali Ahmed- The first Assamese person to get the degree of M.D. and the father of Fakruddin Ali Ahmed. Muzzamil Hoque- The first martyr of Medium movement of 1972, Nurul Amin-  The ex-president of All India Football Federation and the only person who led Assam in Cricket and football in two major event i.e. Ranji Trophy and Santos Trophy Sayeda Anowara Taimur- The only female Chief Minister of Assam, Begum Mofida Ahmed- The first female M.P. elected from Assam from Jorhat Constituency: Alvis Ali Hazarikia :- The first swimmer of North East India who cross the English channel. Sir Sayed Sadullah :- The first Prime Minister of Assam and the only Assamese of Constituent Assembly. Sk. Chand Mohammad :- The former speaker of Assam Legislative assembly Four Goria person also elected as president of Assam Sahitiya Sabha Moulana Mofizuddin Ahmed Hazarikia- Golaghat Session (1930) DR. Moidul Islam Bora- Jorhat Session (1940) Sayyid Abdul Malik – Abhayapuri Session (1977) Imran Shah – Barpeta Session (2013) Contribution towards the field of Education :- At the advent of British when they started to propagate modern education in Assam and established schools, the Goria people also anticipated in such process and establishes many schools in their localities  in those earlier days. Some of those schools are Naharani L.P. School established at village Naharani, Dergaon, Golaghat in the year 1875, Jorhat Muktab Adarsha L.P. School established at Jorhat town in the year 1896 and Ghahigaon Government L.P. School establsihed at Ghahigaon village of Sootea, Biswanath in the year 1889 are most notable. Moinulwiki (talk) 14:16, 24 July 2021 (UTC)