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The Author: Giseli Gomez Date: March, 8th, 2021   Class: Social Studies Teacher/Boss: Justin Chartier Alexander “Melville” Bell ~ The Telephone

Earlier Life: Alexander “Melville” Bell was born on March, 3rd, 1847 in the lovely capital of Scotland, Edinburg. When Alexander was 11 years old his name was changed to Alexander Graham Bell. His mother was deaf, and his father was elocution to the deaf.

Education: At the age of 11, Alexander went to the Royal High School at Edinburgh. He wasn’t too happy about the compulsory curriculum so he dropped out at the age of 15. In 1868 his family moved to London. Alexander passed the entrance examinations for the University College London in June 1868. He matriculated there in Autumn. Unfortunately, he did not get to finish his studies because in 1870 the Bell family moved again but this time to Canada after the death of Edward and Melville Alexander’s two brothers in 1867. The cause of death of them both was tuberculosis.

The Beginning of it all: During Alexander’s teaching profession, Bell also methods to transmit several telegraph messages simultaneously over a single wire—a major focus of telegraph innovation at the time and one that ultimately led to Bell’s invention of the telephone.

A small issue: In 1868 Joseph Stearns had invented the duplex, a system that transmitted two messages simultaneously over one wire. The Western Union Telegraph Company bought the rights to Stearns’s duplex. So Alexander hired the n inventor Thomas Watson to plan as many multiple-transmission ideas as possible in order to block competitors from using them. The Process: Watson’s work culminated in the quadruplex, a system for sending four telegraph messages over a single wire. Inventors then sought methods that could send more than four; some, including Bell and his great rival Elisha Gray, developed designs capable of subdividing a telegraph line into 10 or more channels. These so-called harmonic telegraphs used reeds or tuning forks that reacted to certain frequencies. The harmonic telegraphs worked well in the laboratory but proved useless in service. By 1875, Bell, with the help of his partner Thomas Watson, had come up with a simple receiver that could turn electricity into sound.

Fun Fact: Did you know? Alexander Graham Bell refused to have a telephone in his study, fearing it would distract him from his scientific work. Inventions and Accomplishments In addition to the telephone, Bell worked on hundreds of projects throughout his career and received patents in various fields. Some of his other notable inventions were: The metal detector: Bell initially came up with this device to locate a bullet inside of assassinated President James A. Garfield. Photophone: The photophone allowed the transmission of speech on a beam of light. Graphophone: This improved version of the phonograph could record and playback sound. Audiometer: This gadget was used to detect hearing problems Most usernames are taken (talk) 17:52, 9 March 2021 (UTC)Most usernames are taken