User talk:Mr.cltarnold

AP REVIEW PAGE 1 1. Columbus sailed to the new world – 1492 2. Jamestown was established - 1607 3. French and Indian War Ended - 1763 4. Declaration of independence - 1776 5. Constitutional Convention - 1787 6. Washington became the first president - 1789 7. Era of Good feelings began - 1817 8. Era of Good feelings ended - 1825 9. Reconstruction began - 1863 10. Reconstruction ended - 1877 11. Progressive Era began - 1890 12. Progressive Era ended - 1920 13. Great Depression began - 1929 14. Great depression ended - 1933 15. Cold war began - 1947 16. Cold war ended - 1991

1. Jefferson became president - 1801 2. Jackson became president - 1829 3. Lincoln became president - 1860 4. Theodore Roosevelt became president - 1901 5. Franklin Roosevelt became president - 1933 6. John Kennedy(LBJ) became president - 1961

1. American Revolution - 1775-1783 2. War of 1812 - 1812-1815 3. Mexican-American War - 1846-1848 4. American Civil War - 1861-1865 5. Spanish -American War - 1898 6. WWI began in Europe - 1914 7. US involvement in WWI - 1917 8. WWII began in Europe - 1939 9. US involvement in Europe - 1941 10. Korean War - 1950-1953 11. French sign peace accords with Vietnam - 1973 12. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - 1964 13. US troops pulled out of Vietnam - 1975 14. First Persian Gulf War - 1990

1. Jamestown – First permanent English settlement in North America. Jamestown was founded for the purposes of a quick profit from gold mining for its investors while also establishing a permanent foothold in North America for England.

2. First Africans brought to Virginia – Africans were brought to Virginia to be used as slaves on Virginian plantations. They were a cheap source of labor and eventually became regarded as property instead property

3. Virginia House of Burgesses – First example of elected government in America.

4. Mayflower Compact – Agreement signed by the members of the Mayflower that arrived in the New World, first example of planned written government in the New World.

5. Great Migration of Pilgrims to Massachusetts – Puritans in Europe believed that King Charles had become a tyrant king and thus sailed to Massachusetts seeking religious freedom and there established the Puritan Society.

6. Roger Williams established Rhode Island – Williams established the Rhode Island colony (know as providence) as a settlement of Religious equality after being exiled from Salem for his controversial beliefs.

7. Navigation Acts – System of acts placed upon English colonies in North America prohibiting trade with non English ships.

8. Bacon’s rebellion – Led by Nathaniel Bacon who started the rebellion against Virginian governor William Berkeley after Berkeley refused to respond to a threat by Native Americans. The rebellion ended with the hanging of 23 men including Bacon. PAGE 2 9. William Penn est Penn - Quakers – “inner light” - bible was guidance & there were no priests - Indian policies - Philadelphia – “planned city”

10. Salem Witch Trails - 20 people died (19 hung & 1 crushed) – snowball effect - ended when the leader’s wife was accused

11. James Oglethorpe est Georgia - created for debtors - dominated by weathly rice planters - no trade w/ Indians, no slavery, & no alcohol

12. Jonathan Edwards sparked the Great Awakening - emphasized emotional over the intellectual & lowered standards to be “elect” - revivals stimulated conversion & salvation / equality b/t men & women - women joined churches, tolerance of religious diversity - egalitarianism & individualism

13. The French & Indian War - causes: Brit & France claim over Ohio River Valley, fur trade, expansion to the west - ended w/ Treaty of Paris 1763 - France loses all of its possession in N. America & Brit is heavily in debt

14. Proclamation of 1763 - Indians led by Pontiac fight Brit to control Ohio River Valley - Brit end it by barring settlement west of Apps Mts - significance: beginning of friction b/t Brit & they don’t’ have colonial’s interest @ heart

15. Stamp Act - required tax-stamps on printed materials - tax had to be paid in sterling which was scarce - violators to be tried in admiralty courts - significance: 1st instance direct tax on colonist by Brit self-imposed taxation

16. Declaratory Act - stated Parliament’s right to tax & legislate for Britain’s American possessions - provides legal base for all future laws & taxes

17. Townshend Act - imposed taxes on items imported from Brit (glasses, tea, paper, & lead) - used to raise revenue & Brit officials were paid from these taxes - est. admiralty courts in Philly, Boston, Charleston - significance: 1st attempt to tax things coming from England

18. Boston Tea Party - 60 sons of liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians dumpes 34 chest of tea into Boston harbor due to Parliament new imposing taxes

19. 1st Continental Congress - 55 delegates from all but Georgia met in Philly to discuss response to Intolerable Acts – result: they boycotted - drafted grievances to Britain that it violated rights under English Constitution

20. Lexington & Concord - Brit march to destroy rebel military stores @ concord - paul revere – alert militia & red coats march on township of Lexington on their way to Concord - shots were fired & Americans fired back @ concord in “shot heard around the world” - significance: beginning of American revolution

21. 2nd Continental Congress - decision to go to war w/ Brit & created continental army (Washington as commander-in-chief) - olive branch petition – 1st attempt to resolve things out - declared independence

22. Thomas Paine published Common Sense - advocated that it was “common sense” for colonies to separate from a malevolent king - Americans should consult their own interest, abandon king & declare independence

23. Declaration of Indep - by Thomas Jefferson – this est US as a free & separate nation - made up of preamble, list of grievances, & dec of indep “United States of America” - grounded Locke’s ideas – unalienable rights & popular sovereignty

24. Battle of Saratoga - battle of freeman’s farm – Gates gave up the field, but Brit suffered heavy casualties - battle of hemis height – gates held a fortified position against burguyne’s attack - significance: secure NE from attack & from other states via Canada & it was the turning pt – convinced French to side w/ Americans

25. Valley Forge - lack of supply & inadequate clothing - friedrich Wilhelm von steuben developed a new drill for the troops - 25% died from the cold, small pox, typhoid, & starvation PAGE 3 26. Pact between France and US to protect either side of a British attack 27. British General Cornwallis trapped by American and French troops under Washington and eventually surrenders 28. Ratified March 1, 1781; 1st constitution; weak central government 29. Ended the American Revolution between the Americans and the British 30. Congress appoints governor and 3 judges, population of 60,000 can become a state, 3-5 states can be created 31. Led by Daniel Shays, Massachusetts collected taxes for war debts, farmers attempt to close courts, stopped by militia 32. Addressed the problems in governing the US with regard to the Articles of Confederation

33. Called for the ratification of the US constitution 34. Bill of Rights, Congress, President, federal system, political parties 35. Gave influence to the US constitution with the Federalist Papers 36. Factories utilized machine and began profiting, cause of the Industrial Revolution 37. First 10 amendments to the US constitution 38. By Eli Whitney, made separating cotton easier by using a machine 39. Declared the US neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain 40. Citizens rebel in response to whiskey tax to pay national debt 41. Written to the US citizens saying what he wanted in government 42. Diplomatic incident that worsened affairs with France, involved President Adams and his criticism of the French Revolution PAGE 4 43. Proposed and supported by John Adams. Gave the president the power to expel aliens deemed dangerous to the country. 44. Passed by the legislatures in two states. Maintains alien and sedation acts. Individual states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional 45. Jefferson vs Aaron Burr. Jefferson won. 1st transfer of power 46. Judicial or other appointments made by an outgoing president or governor 47. Written by John Marshal. Established the principle of judicial review. Supreme Court has the power if any law is unconstitutional to nullify it. 48. purchase of territory from Napoleon for 15 million

49. mission sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore new territory. Create relations with native Americans 50. ran for governor of new York. Lost to Hamilton challenged and killed him 51. fast production. Less expensive 52. banned trade with Europe as a result of the war. Because war in France hoped it would force England and france to respect Americans neutrality. 53. (madison Is president) Great Britain attacked American ships after embargo placed on their goods. America not prepared 54. meeting of new England. In the closing months of the war of 1812 where they though new England would secede. 55. between US and Great Britain ending war of 1812. Restricted diplomatic relations between two countries but did nothing to address the issus that caused the war. 56. faught after war was over. Andrew Jackson fought and won battle 57. economic plan promoted by speaker of the house. Henry clay in years following the war of 1812. Promoted growth in the economy. Protective tariffs to encourage America to buy more. 58. terms used by the newspaper. The per. US remained generally free of foreign conflicts and when political strife at home was at a bare minimum 59. states cat tax national bank Established precedences of national law over state law. PAGE 5 60 Adam onis treaty Gave us possession of Florida From spain 61. Missouri compromise Henry clay proposed this in 1820 it admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state 62. First Lowell factory opened- few skilled workers were needed in the process and the workers were almost all single young farm women 63. Monroe Doctrine- Stated that the US would be the protector for the western hemisphere and protect all the Americas from colonization for m Europe 64. Election of 1824-voters allowed to chose presidential electors directly no more caucus system

65. Indian removal act-Indians should go to Indian territory " OKLAHOMA" 66. Maysville Road Veto- famous veto by Jackson one of the most important demonstrations of federalism in the us showed that veto power could be wielded more freely 67. Nat Turners revolt- Slaves killed white families at night and as a result they were hagged 68.Nullification Crisis- The belief that an individual state has the right to nullify a federal law that it deems unjust 69. Jackson destroyed the bank of the US- Ordered money to be removed from banks and placed in state local banks 70. Panic of 1837- American economy went into deep depression when Britain reduced the amount of credit it would give the US 71. Horace Mann school reform- Lengthened the school year, used 1st standard books, He said Education is the great Equalizer 72. Trail of tears- Forced march of some 20,000 members of Cherokee tribe and others to their newly deemed homeland 73.Election of 1840-William henry howard elects Van Buren for a second term dies of pneumonia after 1 month 74. Manifest Destiny- The belief that America should expand from coast to coast 75. Annexation of Texas-John Tyler proposed it, Texas was mostly white people who didn't want to be Mexican Texas is a republic for 10 yrs then annexed 76. Mexican American War- Very Short, America Won, Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo91848) PAGE 6

77. Mormons Migrated to Utah (1847-48) Mormons from the Midwest travel or trek across the plains to settle near Salt Lake City, Utah. Joseph Smith is the leader of the Mormon Migration. 78. Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Organized by Lucretia Mott, the Seneca Falls Convention was a way that women were trying to gain their rights in social, moral, and civil regards. 79. Mexican Cession (1848) Historical region that was ceded to the United States by Mexico in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. This region consists of present day states, California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. 80. California Gold Rush (1849) When gold was found in one of the mill’s in California which resulted in the migration of 300,000 women, men and children to come to the west. This also allowed for transportation to the west to flourish.

81. Wilmot Proviso (1849) This was passed in 1849 by the United States House of Representatives to prevent slavery from being spread into any new territories acquired from Mexico. 82. Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arisen from the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). 83. Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) The novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the United States, so much in the latter case that the novel intensified the sectional conflict leading to the American Civil War. 84. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) This Act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska which later on turn into states. Also this act repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed settlers in this territory to either be a free state or a slave state. 85. Creation of the Republican Party (1854) At the time only two political parties existed one being Democratic and the other being the whig party. The Republican party was created in 1854 in opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska act. 86. Dred Scot vs. Sanford (1857) A decision made by the United States Supreme Court that ruled that people of African people that were held as slaves, or their descendants, were not legal persons and could never be citizens of the United States. 87. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) A series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, and the incumbent Stephen A. Douglas, a Democrat, for an Illinois seat in the United States Senate. At the time, U.S. Senators were elected by state legislatures; thus Lincoln and Douglas were campaigning for their respective parties to win control of the Illinois legislature 88. John Brown’s Raid (1859) An American abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to end all slavery. He led the Pottawatomie Massacre in 1856 in Bleeding Kansas and made his name in the unsuccessful raid at Harpers Ferry in 1859. 89. Election of 1860 The election set the stage for the Civil War. Lincoln wins the election and this causes many southern states to succeed from the Union. 90. Southern Succession (1860-61) Result of Lincoln’s victory in the election of 1860. Many southern states wanted slavery and didn’t want Abraham Lincoln to abolish slavery so they succeeded the Union. 91. Fort Sumter (1861) First bombardment that initiated the Civil War. First Battle that was the result of South Carolina’s succession from the Union. 92. Homestead Act (1862) A United States Federal law that gave an applicant freehold title to 160 acres 93. Morrill Land-Grant Act (1862) This act allowed all the states to allocate certain amounts of land to build colleges on. This act was passed on July 2, 1862. PAGE 7 94. Emancipation Proclamation (1863): Lincoln ruled slavery prohibited in territories in rebellion. Aimed to weaken the south and cease the support of European nations to the south. 95. Battles of Vicksburg & Gettysburg (1863): south was on retreat and on the defensive after these battles. Vicksburg: transport cut off to the states west of Mississippi. Gettysburg: bloodiest three day battle. 96. Appomattox Court House (1865): Location where Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant.

97. Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination( 1865): at the end of the war, Lincoln goes to watch a play at Ford theater, and is shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth, a southern sympathizer and well-known actor who thought w/ the death of Lincoln, the South may wage war again. 98. Freedman’s Bureau (1865): a reconstruction bureaucracy set up by the federal govt. to aide former slaves into transition to normal civilian life. Known for heavy corruption from members of General Grants presidency. 99. 13th amendment (1865): ended slavery, was not popular in every state. 100. Purchase of Alaska (1867): Russia was seeing territory of Alaska as economic liability, and sold the territory to United States for cash. 101. Radical Reconstruction Begins (1867): Congress which had mostly republicans had two primary goals for reconstruction: for slave power to end, and suppress southern nationalism. The south was to divided into military districts and undergoes numerous stipulations before it could re-enter the union. 102. Andrew Johnson Trial (1868): charges of impeachment were brought against Johnson who fired secretary of war, Edwin Stanton and replaced with Lorenzo Thomas. Accusers said that Johnson violated tenure of office act. Johnson was 1 vote short of being guilty, and supreme court ruled the act unconstitutional. Sig: Johnson made into lame duck president. 103. 14th amendment: gave citizenship to African Americans, established equal protection under law, ended 3/5ths compromise, denied ex-confederates the right to hold office, U.S. would not pay confederate debt or for loss of slaves, reversed Dred Scott case. 104. Transcontinental Railroad Complete (1869): a federally funded railroad which went from Iowa to California, built by the Central Pacific and Union Pacific companies, railroad met in Promontory Point, Utah. 105. Standard Oil Created (1870): company founded by John D. Rockefeller, was the world’s largest oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. 106. Knights of Labor Created (1869): labor organization which advocated end of child labor, better wages, and equal treatment and pay for women and African Americans. 107. Wyoming gives women right to vote (1870): Wyoming became the first state to give women suffrage, followed by other states as well. 108. Battle of Little Big Horn (1876): Indians led by sitting bull defeated the 7th regiment of the U.S. army in the Montana territory. One of most important battles in the new frontier b/w U.S. army and rebellious Indians. 109. Election of 1876: was one of the most disputed subjected and intense presidential elections in American history. Samuel J. Tilden of New York out polled Ohio's Rutherford Hayes in the popular vote, and had 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 185, with 20 votes yet uncounted. These 20 electoral votes were in dispute: in three states (Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina), each party reported its candidate had won the state, while in Oregon one elector was declared illegal (on account of being an "elected or appointed official") and replaced. The 20 disputed electoral votes were ultimately awarded to Hayes after a bitter legal and political battle, giving him the victory. 110. Compromise of 1877: southern democrats would award Hayes the presidency if only the federal govt. removed all troops from former confederate states, for there to be at least one democrat in Hayes cabinet, a transcontinental railroad to build in the south, and the industrialization of the south. PAGE 8 111. Great Railroad Strike (1877) – • Outraged workers began to strike when Baltimore and Ohio Railroad announced their third cut of wages by 10 percent on July 16, 1877. • The strikes quickly spread through railroads from St. Louis to the East Coast. • Strikes began to become violent as strikers and militias began firing at each other, and workers destroyed rolling stocks and roundhouses. • By the first week of August 1877, at least 100 strikers, militiamen, and bystanders had been killed, and hundreds had been injured; Millions of dollars of property had also been destroyed throughout the strikes. • The worst labor violence in U.S. history up to that time.

112. Chief Joseph surrendered (1877) • Chief Joseph was the chief of the Nez Perce Indians of Idaho • When gold was discovered on the Nez Perce reservation, the government promptly tried to get shrink the tribe by 90%. • Chief Joseph finally surrendered his tribe after seeing his tribe reduce in size as member after member were being killed. • Thinking they were going to be relocated in the ancestral lands in Idaho, they were sent to a reservation in Kansas instead, where 40% of them died due to disease.

113. James Garfield assassinated (1881) • James A. Garfield was known as a “dark-horse” candidate who was nominated for presidency during the election of 1880 and won the election. • On July 21, 1881, only four months after office, Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau in the back and lingered on for eleven weeks and eventually died on September 19, 1881. • Guiteau was seen as office hungry, and believed that he should have been praised for being a part of Garfield’s victory (wrote speeches for Garfield).