User talk:Mschuma3/sandbox

= Higgs boson and $$\sigma$$ meson: Is there a mystery of mass? =

The generation of mass of particles is generally attributed to the interaction of the originally massless particle with the Higgs field. This Higgs field is a property of the electroweak (EW) vacuum with a spontaneously broken symmetry. The particle corresponding to the Higgs field is named Higgs boson. There are strong indications that a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV has been found in the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN. However, according to present knowledge only 2% of the ordinary matter may be attributed to the Higgs boson. These 2% show up in the form of current-quark masses amounting to $$\approx 5$$ MeV for the up quark and $$ \approx 9$$ MeV for the down quark. The other 98% of the  mass are due to the  QCD vacuum which contains quark-antiquark pairs and gluons. This dominant contribution to the mass of the nucleon is mediated through the exchange of a $$\sigma$$ meson between the constituent quarks inside the nucleon  and the $$q\bar{q}$$ pairs of the QCD vacuum. This consideration leads to the conclusion that a $$\sigma$$ meson with a mass of $$ \sim 600 $$ MeV should be part of the structure of the constituent quarks of the nucleon. The question arises whether or not it is possible to detect this $$\sigma$$ meson while being part of the mesonic structure of the constituent quark. As has been recently shown this is indeed posiible and actually has been carried out in a Compton scattering experiment by the nucleon [1]. The $$ \sigma$$ meson is capable to simultaneously couple to two photons and, therefore, may serve as an intermediate state in a Compton scattering experiment by the nucleon. The following observations have been made: (i) The presence of the $$\sigma$$ meson on the constituent quarks has a large effect on the differential cross section for Compton scattering and leads to a determination of the mass with the result $$m_\sigma=600\pm 70$$ MeV. (ii) Due to the spin structure the nucleon is expected to be paramagnetic which is not observed experimentally. The explanation is provided by the $$\sigma$$ meson which is a source of a diamagnetic polarizability. Conclusion: The $$\sigma$$ meson may be considered as the Higgs boson of strong interaction because it generates the missing 98% of the mass of the nucleon through interaction with the QCD vacuum. The $$\sigma$$ meson as part of the constitient quark structure has been observed in a Compton scattering experiment by the nucleon [1]. The $$\sigma$$ explains the strong diamagnetic polarizability of the nucleon.

[1] "Observation of the Higgs Boson of strong interaction via Compton scattering by the nucleon", Martin Schumacher, Eur. Phys. J. C 67 (2010) 283; arXiv:1001.0500 [hep-ph].

(Mschuma3 (talk) 17:10, 16 March 2012 (UTC))