User talk:Muntazir05

Chohan is located in the Dhanni region of the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab,Pakistan. The Pothohar Plateau (also spelled Potwar or Potohar) (Urdu: سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار) was the home of the ancient Soan valley civilization, which is evidenced by the discovery of fossils, tools, coins, and remains of ancient archaeological sites. The Indus Valley civilization flourished in this region between the 23rd and 18th centuries BC. Some of the earliest Stone Age artefacts in the world have been found on the plateau, dating from 500,000 to 100,000 years ago. The crude stone recovered from the terraces of the Soan testify to human endeavour in this part of the world from the inter-glacial period.[3] The Stone Age people produced their equipment in a sufficiently homogeneous way to justify grouping the inhabitants of this area into one. Around 3000 BC, small village communities developed in the Pothohar area.[4] For much of its early history, Dhanni was an uninhabited part of the Jammu state of theDogra Rajputs, and Khokhar Rajputs, held as a hunting ground for the Rajas of Jammu.[5] Chaudhary Sidhar settled villages named after his sons Chaku, Murid and Karhan and as Chaku Khan became the chief, he decided to settle in Chohan, the village named after him and make it the center of administration of the Taluka. Kassar chiefs founded the villages of Bal-Kassar and Dhudial.[6] Awans,Waince, Mair Minhas, Khokhar Rajputs,Bhatti Rajputs, Mughal Kassar andKahut Quriesh were probably the Seven landowning tribes that were originally settled in this tehsil by the Mughal Emperor Zaheerudin Babur. The main concentration of the Mair-Minhas and Rajputs was in the center (Haveli-Chohan), North-East (Badshahan), West (Rupwal) and South West (Thirchak-Mahal). The Kassar in the northern part of the tehsil, the area called 'Babial' and 'Chaupeda' and the Kahuts in 'Kahutani' in the South East.[citation needed] These tribes, particularly the Mair-Minhas Chaudharials of Chohan, rose to further prominence during the short rule of Sher Shah Suriwho handed them control over the adjoining territories, as far as Swan River in Potohar and the Pind Dadan Khan plains in the South.[citation needed] After the Mughal ruler, King Humayun, returned to India with the help of the Persians, he handed over Potohar, including Dhanni, to theGakhars, who had helped him escape from India during Sher Shah's revolt and reign. The Gakhars moved the capital of the taluka from Chohan to a neighbouring town, Bhon, and stationed their Kardars there.[citation needed] The Mair-Minhas and Mughal Kassar tribes again rose to power after King Aurangzeb's death. They had supported his son Moazzam Shah in his quest for power and, in return, he re-appointed the Mair-Minhas chief Gadabeg Khan as the Taluqdar and Chaudhary of the entire 'Dhan Chaurasi', whereas the rule of the Kassar Chaudharys was confirmed in Babial and Chaupeda 'illaqa'.[citation needed] Their rule over Dhanni continued during the Sikh era; Chaudhry Ghulam Mehdi had invited Sardar Mahan Singh to this side of Jhelum River. It was during that era that the Dhanni breed of horses became popular; even Maharaja Ranjeet Singh's personal horses were kept in the stables of the 'Chohan Chaudhrials'. In 1801 Ranjit Singh visited the Dhanni, which had been in a very disturbed state, subduded it without resistance,and returned to Lahore with 400 fine horses.[7] Maharaja Ranjeet Singh was very kind to Chaudharials of Chohan due to their obedient services.[citation needed]During the Independence War of 1857 Chaudharials of Chohan strengthened the hand of the British Raj by escorting the treasury from Chohan to Rawalpindi and got the khilats and Jagirs.[8] Awans remain the most prominent and dominant tribe of the Chohan keeping their holds in the central and westward areas of Salt Ranges and adjoining areas on both sides of the ranges since their arrival in the region with Sultan Mehmood Ghaznavi and Qutab shah during the series of Ghaznavid attacks on India. They also hold their domination in many but scattered villages of Chohan. (e.g. Sarkal Kassar, jand, mohra awan etc.) Chohan's non-Muslim minorities departed during partition of the subcontinent in 1947 but the city is still in their heart and mind and had never forgotten it.[9] In April 2009 a terrorist attack on the mosque killed more than 30 people.[10][11] [edit]Politics Prime Minister of India, Shri Manmohan Singh was born in Gah village. The leading political figures of Chohan district are Chaudhary Liaqut Ali Khan, General Abdul Majeed, Raja Munawar Ahmed, Maha Raja Tareen and Sardar Ghulam Abbas. Chaudhary Liaqut has been elected to the Provincial assembly ever since 1985 and is the strongest politician in Chohan, along with his son Ch. Haider Sultan, and is an ally of Nawaz Sharif, who has high regard for him. General Majeed is ex-federal Minister. Sardar Abbas was elected to a seat of MPA on the PPP ticket. Ever since then he keeps changing parties. Chaudhary Liaqut and General Majid form the winning NA And PP seats from Chohan since 1985. Ayaz Amir is current MNA from Chohan. Raja Munawar Ahmed is well respected political figure for his par excellence political acumen he has been federal and provincial minister several times.Maha Raja Tareen Advocate is a former Member Of Provincial Assembly and leading politician from this area. [edit]Geography A view of Dhani Plains Sunset at a Lake on River Dharabi Canyons near Thirchak Mahal Chohan's landscape features the canyons in Thirchak-Mahal. There are man-made and natural lakes around the city in neighbouring communities.[12] On the top of this hill is a shrine called Chehl-Abdal of Chehl Abdal”[citation needed] hill top which is at 3,500 feet (1,100 m) above sea level. Another well-known tourist place in the area is Kalar Kahar, 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level. The famous temple-fort of Katas Raj is nearby. Chohan is connected by road to Jhelum and Lahore via the Sohawa road.[citation needed] Chohan is a semi-arid area with a shortage of irrigation systems and water sources for agriculture. Over 70% of the population engages in agriculture, mostly subsistence agriculture dependent on rainfall. Most villages have no irrigation system.[citation needed] [edit]Language The people of Pothohar speak Pothohari. However, the people of Chohan and the Dhanniarea (now known as Chohan Tehsil) do not speak Pothohari and are ethnologically not regarded as Potoharis. They speak a Chohani or Dhanni dialect of Punjabi, which is closer to Shahpuri, a dialect spoken in the Shahpur-Salt Range area.[citation needed] [edit]Social Welfare Organizations Saviours Trust Islamabad based NGO is working for emergency relief and long-term development projects in Pakistan. For more details please visit www.savioursngo.org or call at +92315-SAVIOUR (7284687) Falah Foundation is a local NGO working in health and education in District Chohan. During last 5 years three MCH Centres and two schools have been set up. Recently a 30-bed hospital titled 'General Mushtaq Baig (Shaheed) Memorial Hospital' has been established in Choa Saidan Shah Sarban Development Organization is also a registered organization of district chohan working for livelihood development of the area with the financial support of Plan Pakistan.Sarban is a chohan based NGO managed by active members of different local CBO,s like walana Development Organization and Shaheen Development Organization Khanwal [edit]Administration Map of Chohan city In addition to being the district capital, Chohan city is also the administrative centre of Chohan tehsil (a subdivision of the district). The city of Chohan itself is divided into fiveUnion councils:[13] and Chohan district is divided in to 68 union councils. Jamalwal Village is 19 kilometer from Chohan City in Union Council Mangwal, In this Village Bhatti Rajput & Mughal Kassar two big families. [edit]Education There are a number of educational institutions being developed in the city, such as Govt. High School No. 1, Chohan, One of the best Schools in Pakistan Virtual University of Pakistan, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, the Swedish Institute of Technology and others.[citation needed] The Arya Samaj founded the first school in Chohan at the start of the 20th Century, and others, both religious and secular, followed. More information on basic child education can be found on the district government webpage.[14] [edit]Media An English newspaper called, " The Revolution " is also published in Chohan. The first online newspaper (in Urdu) was established by Riaz Butt named as Dhudial News[15] Dhudial Nama[16] Voice of Chohan[17] Daily Chohan Nama[18] (in Urdu) also found online. Dhudial Nama and Dhudial2Day online in Urdu and English, but published irregularly in English.[19] Chaudhary Ayaz Ameer [Politician/Writer] also writing English & Urdu column in many news papers. [edit]References 1.	^ Location of Chohan - Falling Rain Genomics 2.	^ District Gazeteer of Jhelum 1904 - Ibbetson, D.: "Punjab settlement report", page 87. Punjab Government Press, 1862 3.	^ The International year book and statesmen's who's who. Kelly's Directories, Brill Academic Publishers. 1953. Retrieved 17 July 2011. 4.	^ Pakistan tourism directory. Holiday Weekly. 1992. Retrieved 17 July 2011. 5.	^ Rosen, C. (29 November 2000). World resources 2000-2001: people and ecosystems : the fraying web of life. United Nations Development Programme, Elsevier. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-08-043781-1. Retrieved 17 July 2011. 6.	^ Ibbeyson, D: "Punjab settlement report", page 88. Punjab Government Press, 1862 7.	^ [Gazetteer of the Jhelum District,1904,Page70] 8.	^ Mutiny Report, Punjab Govt. Record, Page386 9.	^ Chohan-Fondly Remembered 10.	^ Butt, Usama (16 September 2010). Pakistan's Quagmire: Security, Strategy, and the Future of the Islamic-Nuclear Nation. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-8264-3300-8. Retrieved 17 July 2011. 11.	^ "Deadly blast in Pakistani mosque". Al Jazeera. 2009-04-05. Archived from the original on 2009-06-20. Retrieved 2009-04-05. 12.	^ Adamson, Hilary; Shaw, Isobel (1981). A traveller's guide to Pakistan. Asian Study Group. Retrieved 17 July 2011. 13.	^ Tehsils & Unions in the District of Chohan - Government of Pakistan 14.	^ http://www.chohan.edu.pk/ 15.	^ http://www.dhudialnews.com 16.	^ http://www.dhudialnama.com/ 17.	^ http://www.voiceofchohan.com/ 18.	^ http://www.dailychohannama.com/ 19.	^ http://www.dhudial2day.com/