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Recent Trends of Socio-Economic Changes of Faridpur District
Introduction

Faridpur is a historic district in Bangladesh. It is the part of the Dhaka Division. Faridpur district is situated on the bank of the Padma (Lower Ganges). It lies between 23o17' and 23o40' north latitude and between 89o29' and 90o11' east longitudes. The district (estd. 1815) consists of 8 upazilas, 4 municipalities, 79 union parishads, 36 wards, 92 mahallas and 1854 villages. The total area of the district is 2072.72 sq km. It is bordered by Madaripur, Gopalganj, Narail, Magura, Rajbari, Shariatpur, Munshiganj, Dhaka and Manikganj District. The original area of the district comprised what is today the greater Faridpur region which includes the present day districts of Rajbari, Gopalgonj, Madaripur, Shariatpur and Faridpur. There had been a major administrative change in 1960, when the unions of Bana, Pachuria, Gunbaha, Mayana of Mohammmudpur thana of Magura sub-division and Alfadanga Thana of Narail falling on the eastern bank of the Modhumati river were separated from Jessore district and included in the Faridpur District.

History of the District

Faridpur district was initially known as ‘Fatehabad’. In 1860 the district was named as Faridpur after 12th century Sufi Saint Shah Sheikh Fariduddin. In 1984, with decentralization program of the Bangladesh government, Faridpur district was divided into five separate districts which are mentioned earlier. Some greatest politicians of the world have born in greater Faridpur region such as- the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founder of independent Bangladesh, the Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, Baba Ambika Charan Majumder, Maulivi Tamijuddin Khan, Shariatullah, Dudhu Miah, Nawab Abdul Latif, Buddhadeb Bhattacharja and many more.

Faridpur hosted several key meeting of the Indian independence movement. It was regularly visited Subash Chandra Bose, Chittaranjan Das, Rabindronath Tagore and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Famous Faraizi movement and Indigo resistence began in Faridpur. The annual conference of the Bengal Congress held on the grounds of the Moyez Palace in Faridpur in 1921 was attended by Mahatma Gandi.

Population Characteristics According to the last census in 2001, population of the district are 17,56,470. Out of this total population 8,93,358 are males and 8,63,112 are females. The population enumerated in 1991 census was 15,05,686 out of which 7,68,758 were males and 7,36,428 females. The percentage of increased during the decade between 1991 to 2001 works out to 16.66. The annual population growth rate is 1.66%. This unusual rise in population growth during the period is mainly caused by the migration of Magura and Narail river eroded people. Science 1872, when the first census was taken there had been continues growth of population in the district. The total population of the district at the 1872 census was 15,60,337 and it had more than doubled by the time of 1961 census operation. The growth of population had not been uniform in the district and varied greatly in different parts.

Literacy rate:

For population seven years above literacy rates typify a higher level. The 2001 literacy rates in the district are 40.85% for both sexes and 44.64% and 36.96% for males and females. During 2001-1991, literacy rate of the district have increased from 27.84% to 40.85%.

Religion Out of the total population 17,56,470 of the district 15,76,713 are Muslims, 1,78,354 Hindus, 1073 Christians, 58 Buddists and 272 others according to 2001 census. Over the decade the Muslims are seen to have steadily increased. Muslims are evidently a vast majority and their numbers workers out to about 89.77% of the whole population. The Muslims of the district are generally religious minded. They say their prayer regularly. Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Eid-a-Miladun Nabi, Shab-e-Barat, Maharram are the main religious festivals of the Muslims. Milad Mahfils are held in which life of the Holy prophet Hazrat Mohammad (peace be on him) is discussed.

Out of the total population of the district 10.15% are Hindus. According to their social status they are divided into Brahmans, Kayathas, Shahas, Namu Sudras and Malos. The greatest religious festivals of the Hindus celebrated with great pomb and grandeur are Durga Puja, Kali Puja and Sarasuati Puja.

Main sources of Household Income: Agriculture remains the main sources of income for comparatively large dwelling households in the zilla during the decade 2001-1991. Households reported earning main income from agriculture, are 58.60% in 2001, compared to 66.47% in 1991. The tendency shows a rate of decline 11.84% in the decade.

Toilet Facility: The sanitary coverage effort has great a great success during the decade 2001-1991. Dwelling household accessing sanitary facility in the district has increased from only 7.69% in 1991 to 45.84% in 2001, up nearly six times over the decade.

Access to Electricity: Dwelling households connected to electricity network are reported 21.18% in 2001 for the district, compared to 5.45% in 1991, with rate of ascent nearly 4 times over the decade.

Ownership of Agricultural Land: Dwelling household owning agricultural land have risen somewhat during the decade 2001-1991. The increase is form 58.55% in 1991 to 58.98% in 2001 showing a rate of ascent 0.73%.

Dress of the Inhabitants: The dress of the people of the district is governed more by economy, climate and religion than by choice. In villages the Muslims wear lungi and gamchha and the Hindus dhuti and gamchha while working. Financially solvent persons wear shirt and pant. Umbrella is commonly used by all who can afford to purchase it. Leaf hat known ‘Mathal’ is used by the cultivators in the field to ward off sun and rain. Women in general wear saree. The urban women use blouse and petticoat as under garments. The girls wear ‘salower’ and ‘camis’. As for clothing the rural people are seen to prefer colored once. The urban people have varying taste as to color and design.

Food Habits: Rise is the staple food taking with pulses, vegetables and fish. Meat is taken according to availability and purchasing capacity of the people. Cooking is done by boiling with firewood. Dal, fish, curry and fried vegetables are spiced and along with boiled rice comprise the usual food of the people. To the category of subsidiary food come wheat, sweet potato and local fruits such as banana, jackfruits, coconut, mango and papaya etc. The festival food include polao, korma, kalia, firni, semai, meat and milk. Khichuri is commonly taken by rural people.

Sports & Culture: In rural areas folk songs rule the cultural life. The villagers also watch television and enjoy radio programs and various village fair during the whole year especially in winter season. Due to the advancement of modern technology, there are no significant differences between rural and urban area regarding sports and culture realm. In the sphere of games & sports the country games are losing their place. Once upon a time, football was the most popular game of the district. In the course of time, cricket has taken place instead of football. But unlike other country sports, boat racing has survived and still it is popular to the villagers of the district. The poet and collector of folk songs, Jashimuddin hails from this district. He is a great lover and collector of folk songs. The villagers like to sing his songs very much. Recently a trend has seen in the young people who like to enjoy modern songs more than folk songs.

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