User talk:Nihaalm

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cyber bullying
Cyber bullying is any kind of bullying or harassment done using technology. It really sucks because it can be public, hard to take down, or affect you at home. There are a lot of things it could be, and it can affect people in a lot of different ways.

Signs this might be a problem..

people share embarrassing photos of you online harassing calls, texts or emails people posting bad stuff about you online people using your Facebook and Twitter to say humiliating stuff people setting up fake profiles pretending to be you

What does cyber bullying look like?

Being sent mean or hurtful text messages from someone you know or even someone you don’t know Getting nasty, threatening or hurtful messages through social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter, or through sites where people can ask / answer questions like Form spring or internet forums People sending photos and videos of you to others to try and embarrass or hurt you People spreading rumours about you via emails or social networking sites or text messages People trying to stop you from communicating with others People stealing your passwords or getting into your accounts and changing the information there People setting up fake profiles pretending to be you, or posting messages or status updates from your accounts

How it can affect people

Feeling guilty like it is your fault Feeling hopeless and stuck like you can’t get out of the situation Feeling alone, like there is no one to help you Feeling like you don’t fit in with the cool group Feeling depressed and rejected by your friends and other groups of people Feeling unsafe and afraid Stressed out wondering what to do and why this is happening to you

How to protect yourself

Don’t share your private information like passwords, name and address, phone numbers with people you don’t know. Be cautious about sharing photos of yourself, your friends and your family Don’t respond to messages when you are angry or hurt - either to strangers or people you know. This will often encourage them to continue or increase their harassment of you Log out and stop messaging if you feel you are being harassed Remember you have the option to block, delete and report anyone who is harassing you online and on your mobile Find out how to report bullying and harassment on each of the different social networks that you use – see the Easy guide to socialising online for info on how to do this on different sites Keep a record of calls, messages, posts and emails that may be hurtful or harmful to you Remember to set up the privacy options on your social networking sites like Facebook in a way you are comfortable with.

Constructing a Plant Cell. The Genetic Control of Root Hair Development
Multicellular organisms possess a diverse array of cell types, which vary in size, shape, composition, and function. Therefore, a fundamental feature of development in multicellular organisms is the proper specification and differentiation of distinct cell types. In plants, the formation of hair cells in the root epidermis has been employed for more than a century as a simple model for studies of cell specification and differentiation (Cormack, 1935; Bunning, 1951; Cutter, 1978). Root hair cells are easy to observe and analyze because of their long tubular projections (root hairs), which are thought to aid plants in nutrient uptake, anchorage, and microbe interactions (Cutter, 1978).

During the past several years, there has been a surge in research activity in root hair development, particularly in Arabidopsis. This heightened interest can be attributed to several features of root hair development that facilitate genetic analyses. First, root hairs are not essential for plant viability, which permits the recovery and analysis of all types of root hair mutants. Also, root hairs are visible on seedling roots shortly after seed germination, enabling high-density genetic screens on defined media in petri dishes. Furthermore, several aspects of root hair development in Arabidopsis occur in a remarkably predictable fashion, including the position-dependent patterning of hair cells and the localization of hair outgrowth at a precise site along the epidermal cell. These features provide the opportunity for efficient detection of mutant phenotypes.

This update article focuses on recent findings uncovered by the genetic analysis of root hair development in Arabidopsis. More broadly, the work outlined here provides a framework for understanding the genes and developmental processes that are necessary to construct a plant cell.

Atoms
Atoms are building blocks. If you want to create a language, you'll need an alphabet. If you want to build proteins, you will need amino acids. If you want to build molecules, you will need atoms of different elements. Each element is a little bit different from the rest. Those elements are the alphabet in the language of molecules.

Atoms are made of electrons, neutrons, and protons. Why are we talking about elements? This is the section on atoms. Atoms are the general term used to describe pieces of matter. You are made up of billions and billions of atoms. However, you may only find about 40 elements inside of your body. You would find hydrogen (H) atoms, oxygen (O) atoms, and a bunch of others. Those other atoms are made of the same basic pieces, but they are organized in different ways to make each element unique.

Common Elements Let's work with that idea for a bit. If you read a book, you will find a bunch of words on a page. Letters make up those words. In English, we only have twenty-six letters, but we can make thousands of words. In chemistry, you are working with around 120 elements, and when you combine them you can make millions of molecules. Molecules are groups of atoms bonded together in the same way that words are groups of letters. An "A" will always be an "A" no matter what word it is in. A sodium (Na) atom will always be a sodium atom no matter what compound it is in. While the atoms may have different masses and organization, they are all built with the same parts. Electrons, protons, and neutrons make the Universe the way it is.

If you want to do a little more thinking, start with the smallest particles of matter. Those super-tiny subatomic particles are used to create atoms. Atoms are used to create the molecules around us. As we just learned, there are almost 120 known types of atoms. That means there are almost 120 elements that can be found in the molecules we know. Smaller molecules can work together and build macromolecules. It just goes on. Everything you see is built from something else.

You could start really small... - Particles of matter - Atoms - Molecules - Macromolecules - Cell organelles - Cells - Tissues - Organs - Systems - Organisms - Populations - Ecosystems - Biospheres - Planets - Planetary Systems with Stars - Galaxies - The Universe ...And finish really big.

Wow. All of that is possible because of atoms.