User talk:Noreenarooq

'Morphology

This stout worm is bright pink to red when alive. Its mouth surrounded by six rudimentary lips.The buccal capsule well developed with thick walls. Eggs are cylindrical and embryonated when aid (4).

Epidemiology

Spirocerca lupi is most common in warm climates but has been found in Manchuria and northern regions of the former Soviet Union (4).

Pathology

When J3S penetrate mucosa of the stomach, they cause small hemorrhage in the area. This irritation commonly causes a dog to vomit. Lesions in the aorta caused by migrating worms are often sever, with hemorrhage accounting for death in some dogs with heavy infections. Destruction of tissue in the wall of the aorta with subsequent is typical of this disease and may lead to numerous aneurysms (4).

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis in dogs usually is by demonstration of the characteristics eggs, which measure 40µm by 12 µm and have nearly parallel sides, in a fecal examination. At necropsy, aortic scarring, aneurysms, and esophageal, granuloma, or sarcoma, are considered diagnostic, even if worms are no longer present (4).

Disophenol is effective against S. lupi, but, if extensive aneurysms or a sarcoma have already developed, the treatment will not affect those conditions (4).

Reference

4 Schmidt, Gerald D., and Larry S. Roberts. Foundation of Parasitogy Eighth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill International Edition, 2009.