User talk:Pagau

Mr. Mitchell,

As the editor who put that article together, I do appreciate that you have contributed to it based on your personal recollections.

All the same, has what you have said about the crime scene been reported anywhere? One of our most important editorial policies is that what goes in our articles must be reliably sourced, and by the same token we can't just accept people's say-so here, even those who identify themselves, because then that would make us a primary source and that's not what we want to be (per the link above: "Do not' add unsourced material from your personal experience, because that would make Wikipedia a primary source of that material.")

I completely sympathize with your reasons for making those edits; I would just like to find a way to get them in better conformance with our editorial policies. I recall possibly reading that one of them (so many of the news sources online, both now and then, are all over the place on the facts; it was difficult to sort through) did have an account more like what you said happened (was it in the police report? I wasn't able to review it all, and it's sort of a primary source anyway). Daniel Case (talk) 06:25, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

Addendum: Another editor has reverted your edits per our policy on not publishing original research. This is why some independent sourcing for this is a good idea. Daniel Case (talk) 15:55, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

Aloha Daniel -- Thanks for explaining that Wikipedia rejects corrections or additions if they can't be found online. I won't speak to the logic of this because it's obviously your policy.

I really don't have time to get involved in working out how to make my concerns known beyond whatever this is here.

I believe the article to be sloppily-written. For example, although it's true that Jane was raped, it's also true that this was kept absolutely secret for almost 50 years. The article, as written, implies that this was known at the time. It wasn't; you will not find any 1969-70 references at all.

There are other simple errors (to name two, Stephen Williams never went to Iran and nowhere does it say he did; if Jill and I knew that Jane planned to move (and I don't remember that we did) we didn't tell my student (who wrote the Crimson article) anything about it.

Do you allow special-purpose websites as evidence? If so, then go to Websleuths and start there:

https://www.websleuths.com/forums/threads/ma-jane-britton-22-harvard-student-cambridge-7-jan-1969.189878/

I'm going to attempt to paste in an annotated version of the article.

Murder of Jane Britton From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Murder of Jane Britton '''[this is a terrible picture of Jane. I took the picture that the DA's office provided to the media in Nov 2018; the Boston Globe used my picture and attributed it to the DA but eventually used the correct attribution, and then in their web page, they used still another I took of her. She was a beautiful young woman. The Globe article you cite (Nov 20th) has a decent picture (mine, as you can see from the caption) The boston.com article you cite (ref 18) has a far superior picture.''' ]

Date	January 7, 1969 Time	12:30–1:30 a.m. Location	Cambridge, Massachusetts

Coordinates 42.3730°N 71.1230°WCoordinates: 42.3730°N 71.1230°W

Burial	Needham Cemetery, Needham, Massachusetts Coroner	George Katsas Suspect(s)	Michael Sumpter At 12:30 a.m. on January 7, 1969, Jane Britton (born May 17, 1945[1]), a graduate student in Near Eastern archaeology at Harvard University, left a neighbor's apartment in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, to return to her own. The next day, after she had failed to answer her phone and missed an important exam, her boyfriend went to the apartment and found her dead. The cause of death was found to be blunt force trauma from a blow to the head; she had been raped as well [yes, in Todd's article (we are friends) but the important point is that for the entire 50 years, the police managed to keep the rape quiet; whoever did the Wikipedia research failed to notice that the rape was never mentioned].[2] The crime attracted national media attention, as Britton's father was an administrator at Radcliffe College, and several factors led to a presumption that Britton's killer had been an acquaintance, perhaps a fellow student or faculty member of Harvard's anthropology department. Her body had been sprinkled with red ochre powder, used in ancient Persian funerals.[3] No valuables had been taken from the apartment, nor had any of her neighbors heard any screams or other unusual noises (although later some were reported). Investigators were unable to find any likely suspects among the anthropology department

'''[how can this possibly be known? Yes, nobody was named as a suspect. But that hardly means there were none. There were several; I know this for a fact, having been in close contact with both the main investigator (Lt Joyce) back then, and the current investigator (Sgt Sennott). I realize Wikipedia cares fuckall about actual knowledge but this is very sloppy writing and at a minimum should be edited to "Investigators named no suspects."]'''

Albert DeSalvo reportedly confessed to raping and murdering another woman who had lived in the same building in 1963, following his arrest as the Boston Strangler several years earlier, but doubts remained as to whether he had committed all the murders linked to the case. Some also considered that there might have been a second Boston Strangler, leading to speculation that, if there was, he might have killed Britton as well. The case went cold but continued to fascinate the media and true crime enthusiasts on the Internet, some of whom brought lawsuits to have records made public from the investigation in the hope of resolving the case.

[WTF is the point of bringing DeSalvio into this?]

Cambridge police and the Middlesex County district attorney's office announced in November 2018, two months before the crime's 50th anniversary, that they had identified a suspect in the case through DNA: Michael Sumpter, who had died in 2001 after being paroled into hospice care from a prison sentence that he was serving for a 1975 rape. It is the oldest cold case that Middlesex County law enforcement has ever solved.[2] The DNA evidence has also linked Sumpter to several other unsolved rapes and murders in the Boston area. Contents •	1 Jane Britton o	1.1 Apartment and neighborhood security issues •	2 Murder •	3 Investigation o	3.1 Effect of media coverage o	3.2 Ada Bean homicide •	4 Cold case •	5 Posthumous identification of perpetrator through DNA •	6 See also •	7 Notes •	8 References Jane Britton Born in 1945, Jane Britton was the daughter of J. Boyd Britton, administrative vice president of Radcliffe College in Cambridge, a selective women's college that shared ties with Harvard and enjoyed a similar reputation, one of the Seven Sisters. Her mother, Ruth, was a visiting scholar[4] in medieval history at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. The family lived in Needham, another Boston suburb.[5] Britton attended the Dana Hall School, a private school in Wellesley. In addition to her academic studies, she learned to ride horses, play the piano and organ, and paint. She went to Radcliffe herself, where she majored in anthropology,[5] writing her senior thesis on comparative methodologies in studying one of the Périgordian cultures[6] in a week. After graduating magna cum laude in 1967, she was accepted into Harvard's graduate program in the field.[5] Britton was particularly interested in Near Eastern archaeology. In mid-1968, she was one of several doctoral candidates who accompanied department chair Stephen Williams [Stephen Williams did not go to Iran and the cited NYT article does not claim this; very sloppy] and project leader C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky to a dig in southeastern Iran, where they found what Lamberg-Karlovsky believed to be the ruins of Alexandria Carmania, a fortress taken in 325 BCE by Alexander the Great, at the Tepe Yahya mound.[7] Lamberg-Karlovsky later credited Britton with one of the dig's important finds.[5] After Britton returned from the dig, she settled into a fourth-floor apartment at 6 University Road, a Harvard-owned building[8] two blocks from Harvard Square. When studying, Britton did most of her work at the university's Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Outside of her studies, she painted pictures of animals in her apartment, where she kept a turtle and cat as pets.[5] She also socialized, primarily with fellow students in her department. One, James Humphries, had become her boyfriend;[8] she also frequently dined with fellow anthropology graduate students Donald and Jill Mitchell, who lived in the apartment next to hers, having played the organ at their wedding ceremony.[5] Apartment and neighborhood security issues Contemporary newspaper accounts describe the building as decrepit and unsafe. The New York Times called it "seedy and roach-infested" with peeling paint in the hallways.[5] In 1963 Beverly Samans, a graduate student at Boston University, had been raped and murdered in her apartment in the same building; the crime had not yet been solved five years later but was believed to have been one of 13 committed by the Boston Strangler.[9] The Harvard Crimson reported that the "littered and dingy" building had no locks on the outside doors, despite repeated pleas from tenants to install them along with a buzzer system to further restrict entry to their guests. Britton's own apartment door had a lock so dysfunctional she rarely used it; the Mitchells said she intended to move out of the building early the next year

'''[ False. What can be found is "she planned to leave her apartment in a few months," but this is unsourced in the article. ]'''

.[8] Street crime had also become a problem in the neighborhood over the preceding months. The Tech, the weekly student newspaper at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also located in Cambridge, reported that several Harvard students and faculty had been the victims of muggings or attempted muggings in the area between Cambridge Common and the Radcliffe dormitories in late 1968.[10] Friends of Britton recalled that while an undergraduate at Radcliffe she had fought off an attacker on the Common with a penknife, slashing his clothes in the process; the incident had not been reported to the police.[11] Murder On the night of January 6, 1969, the first Monday of the new year and the day classes resumed after the holiday break, Britton and Humphries joined other anthropology classmates for dinner at a local restaurant, after which the couple went ice skating on the Common. Humphries returned with her to her apartment at 10:30 p.m. and left her for the night at 11:30 p.m.[1] Britton went over to her neighbors the Mitchells to have some sherry at 12:30 a.m.[2] January 7 was an important day for all the anthropology doctoral candidates, as it was the day of their general examinations, the culmination of the classroom portion of their degrees, after which they would commence full-time work on their dissertations.[8] Britton did not attend, which her classmates found unusual for a woman who had shown such dedication to her studies. Humphries called her repeatedly that morning but she did not answer.[3] After the exam, shortly after noon, Humphries went to Britton's apartment. Since the door was unlocked, he was able to enter, and found her body face down on her bed with her nightgown pulled over her head[3] and a rug and fur coat over her upper body.[12] Thinking she was sick, he went next door and asked Jill Mitchell if she would take a closer look. When she did, she discovered Britton's bloodied head and realized she was dead.

'''[ I won't quarrel about this but nb that the hand-written officer's report named me as the one who touched her, and the later typed report from Agnes names "Mrs" Mitchell. This is likely a typo. ]'''

[1] Investigation The Cambridge police were called to the apartment and began collecting evidence; they found that Britton had been raped as well as killed [Again I cannot stress too much that this is after-the-fact reporting and misses complete a crucial part of the case namely that this was kept secret until it was revealed in November 2018. The rape was never reported.]. She was officially pronounced dead by the medical examiner; by that evening he had performed an autopsy and, having found multiple lacerations to the head with underlying skull fractures, as well as a bruise on her arm, ruled the death a homicide by blunt force trauma that had occurred roughly 10 hours before the body was discovered. Nothing of value had been taken from the apartment. The Massachusetts State Police were called in to sweep the apartment for any forensic evidence.[1] From the shape of the head wounds, the murder weapon had had a point, but investigators could not determine exactly what had been used. "It was something sharp, like a hatchet or cleaver", said Leo Davenport, the lead detective on the case. Later they speculated that a 4-by-6-inch (10 by 15 cm) stone with a pointed end, a souvenir Britton had brought home from the Iranian dig, had been used. It was missing, and the state police found no weapon in the apartment;

'''[ I guess we'll have to let this go; it's so very very wrong but indeed is as reported. ]'''

[4] however, they did find a set of fingerprints which matched neither Britton nor anyone else investigators knew to have been in the apartment.[5] The final results of the autopsy, a week later, similarly failed to produce any new information. "[We know] nothing ... more than we knew about the murder when we started" Middlesex County District Attorney John Droney told the Times. "There is no suspect".[13] Canvassing the building did, however, produce a few leads. A child in one other apartment in the building recalled hearing unusual noises on the fire escape that night.[2] Another neighbor of Britton's told police that he had seen a man whom he described as about 6 feet (180 cm) tall and 170 pounds (77 kg) running away from the building at 1:30 a.m.[1] Effect of media coverage Because of the Harvard and Radcliffe connections, the case attracted national media attention.[3] The New York Times ran several articles about the case over the next two weeks.[4][5][13] It was the first assignment for United Press International reporter Michael Widmer, and newspapers as far away as California ran his stories.[12] Red ochre, similar to that shown here, was found at the crime scene Much reporting focused on one unusual aspect of the case. Britton's body, along with the floor, walls, and ceiling, had been sprinkled with a reddish-brown powder identified as either red ochre or iron oxide.[14] When police had told Professor Williams of this while discussing the case with him, he said that ancient Iranians, along with many other cultures in the world, had sprinkled it over the dead as a funeral rite. Along with the way Britton's clothing had been used to cover her body, and the killer's apparent lack of interest in taking her valuables, that led to speculation that she had been killed by someone who knew her from Harvard and not a stranger.[5] Lamberg-Karlovsky called that idea "completely fabricated and without foundation".[11] Nevertheless, Williams gave police a list of one hundred students and faculty from the department who might have had this knowledge, most of whom testified at a February grand jury hearing, expedited since many of them were due to leave the country for digs in a few months. But at the same time he dismissed rumors that there had been friction among the team members in Iran that might have motivated someone to murder, saying nothing more serious occurred than the sort of minor tensions that arise among a group living and working closely together for an extended period. "There were complaints about too much tuna fish", he recalled.[5] Many of Britton's friends could not imagine anyone wanting to kill her.[5] The Cambridge police nonetheless filmed[12] her January 10 funeral service,[15] in case someone in attendance had been involved and gave themselves away by their behavior. Lie detector tests were administered to Humphries and the Mitchells, and detectives talked to, or attempted to talk to, anyone mentioned in her diary and an old phone directory.[12] Three days after the killing, the Cambridge police announced they had found the stone but would not say where.

'''[ Nothing to be done about this, according to Wikipedia rules, but it's infuriating. The police missed the murder weapon entirely; Jill and I found it. As it happened, in July 2017 Sgt Sennott told me that it had been lost again.]'''

At a special news conference on the case, Chief James Reagan said that from then on detectives would need his permission to disclose any information about the case. He claimed that this was due to inaccuracies in reporting on the case.[14]

'''[ Nothing to be done about this either, but the blackout was because the contents of my phone call to the Cambridge cops was immediately leaked to the media and the ochre story ran on the evening news that day. ]'''

With little news from the police, media speculation centered on the active counterculture of the era, which was very present in Cambridge. A Radcliffe friend of Britton's told the Times that "[s]he knew a lot of odd people in Cambridge—the hangers-on and acid heads who you would not call young wholesome Harvard and Radcliffe types" to the point that she attended parties through and got along well with them. It was postulated that perhaps whoever had killed Britton had been under the influence of hallucinogenic drugs popular with members of the counterculture at the time.[5] Ada Bean homicide On February 6, less than a month after Britton was found dead, another woman, with past connections to Harvard, was found slain in her Cambridge residence under similar circumstances. Ada Bean, 50, a former research secretary at the university, was found raped and beaten to death in her Linnaean Avenue apartment, close to the Radcliffe campus and 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Britton's University Road building.[16] Bean's body also was found on her bed, face down, her nightclothes pulled over her head, covered by blankets. She, too, was found by someone who had noticed her absence, in her case her employer since she had failed to show up for work, who entered the apartment with the assistance of the building's janitor. Police believed she, like Britton, had been killed in her sleep (however, her building had the outside locks and functional indoor locks that Britton's did not).[16] The similarity of the two killings led to speculation that the same assailant was involved. By that time, Albert DeSalvo had confessed to the murder of Samans, as well as the other 12 victims of the Boston Strangler earlier in the decade. He was sentenced to life in prison for other offenses since he could not be prosecuted for the murders. As he was already in a mental hospital, he could not have also killed Britton and Bean. But DeSalvo's confession had been the only evidence linking him to most of the Strangler murders,[a] and there had been speculation that there was more than one killer responsible for those killings—a second killer who might have resumed his activities with Britton and Bean.[3] Police would not say whether the two murders were linked to each other, or to any others.[12] Cold case After the initial investigation and its frustrations, no further information of value emerged, and the now-cold case fell from the attention of the police, media and public as newer crimes took its place. It was never closed, however. Occasional media coverage of the case was limited by the police's continued refusal to release any of the original records from the case, citing the ongoing investigation.[12] Evidence from the case was well-preserved, and when DNA testing became available to investigators in the late 1980s, they eventually tested the semen left by the killer. It did not produce any matches to the profiles of known offenders at the time, nor did a 2006 retest. In the early 2010s, several writers—Widmer, New Yorker staff writer Rebecca Cooper, and Alyssa Bertetto, moderator of the Unresolved Mysteries subreddit—began looking into the case and requesting copies of the investigatory records.[12] Most of these requests were denied. When the journalists did receive records, they were very limited, sometimes just consisting of newspaper clippings of articles about the case. Even the records that had been shared with the authors of those articles were withheld. Widmer observed that this was a common pattern for law enforcement in Massachusetts, to refuse to release all but the most basic information about long-cold cases. He, Cooper (who had left the magazine to work full-time on a book about the Britton case), and Bertetto all filed lawsuits against the city of Cambridge to force the release of the case files, arguing that fresh leads had been generated by the release of information from long-cold cases in other jurisdictions.[12] During preparations for the court hearings in the cases, police and prosecutors reviewed all the information they had. While doing so, they looked at the DNA evidence again and considered whether it was time to have it processed again in the hope of finding a match. The state police told them newer forensic techniques could process more of the DNA, making it more likely that they could find a match this time. The investigators decided to try again.[3] Posthumous identification of perpetrator through DNA Michael Sumpter in a 1968 prison ID photo The 2017 DNA analysis was, for the first time in the case, able to recover enough DNA to perform a Y-STR analysis and thus obtain strings specific to a male depositor. Entered into the federal Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), that string came back as a "soft hit" on an identifiable suspect: Michael Sumpter, a convicted rapist who had died in 2001, a little over a year[18] after he was paroled from his sentence for that crime into hospice care for the terminal cancer from which he was suffering.[3] To be certain it was Sumpter's DNA, investigators needed to test the Britton case DNA against DNA from another closely related male, since the portion of DNA tested by the Y-STR remains the same in all males of the same line. Sumpter's records mentioned a brother, but his whereabouts by the mid-2010s were unknown. Submitting the Britton sample to Ancestry.com[18] led police to him, and he provided them with a sample that matched the one believed to be his brother's closely enough to eliminate all but 0.08% of the human male population as suspects.[1] During his lifetime, Sumpter had been convicted of two rapes, the second of which occurred when he escaped from a work release program he was in while serving his sentence for the first. Earlier investigations had found similar matches between his DNA and that from two other previously unsolved Cambridge rape-murders in the early 1970s, predating his first conviction, as well as another unsolved rape, bringing his lifetime total of known offenses to five rapes and three murders.[1] However, despite the similarities in the Ada Bean case, police do not consider Sumpter a suspect there.[2] Further investigation found other circumstantial evidence that connected Sumpter to Cambridge in 1969. While he did not live in the city at the time, he had during his childhood in the 1950s, and attended first grade in the Cambridge Public School District; later in his youth he had been arrested as a juvenile by city police. Two years before the killing, he had worked on Arrow Street about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the apartment, and at the time his girlfriend lived in Cambridge. In 1972, he was convicted of assaulting a woman he had met at the Harvard Square subway station,[b] just a few blocks from University Road.[1] At a November 2018 news conference the current Middlesex County district attorney, Marian T. Ryan, announced the results of the investigation: "Michael Sumpter ... has been identified as the person responsible for the 1969 murder of Jane Britton" (although he could not be tried due to his death). "I am confident that the mystery of who killed Jane Britton has finally been solved and this case is officially closed".[1] It was the oldest cold case in Middlesex County to be solved, she said.[2] Having identified their perpetrator, police set out their theory of how Sumpter had committed the crime. As one of the witness accounts at the time had suggested, despite the building's deficient security he had probably used the fire escape to gain access to Britton's apartment. Toxicology reports from the autopsy had found that while Britton's blood was alcohol-free, her stomach had an 0.08% alcohol content from the Mitchells' sherry, suggesting that she had died before it could be metabolized, within a short time of returning to her apartment. Once Sumpter had finished, he went back down the fire escape and fled the building. His height and weight at that time—5 feet 11 inches (180 cm) and 185 pounds (84 kg)—were close to that estimated by the neighbor who had seen the man running away at 1:30 a.m.[1] Despite the great significance originally accorded the scattered red ochre, police later concluded that it was a "red herring",[1] just flakes or other residue from Britton's painting, as it is a common pigment in paints.

'''[ Again no help for this in Wikipedia but Sgt Sennott says that the ochre was scattered most likely during a fight. . . in other words, Jane did not go passively to her death. Those of us who loved her were heartened by this. ]''' [2] See also •	 1960s portal •	 Criminal justice portal •	 Death portal •	 Harvard University portal •	1969 in the United States •	Crime in Massachusetts •	List of unsolved deaths •	Timeline of Cambridge, Massachusetts •	Faith Hedgepeth homicide, similar 2014 slaying of a college student in her residence, also marked by police reticence and perplexing evidence with body; still unsolved. •	Golden State Killer, serial killer identified and arrested in 2018 through family DNA connections Notes 1.	• Although DeSalvo's confession to the last of the murders, in 1964, was inconsistent with the details of the crime, and some investigators thought he was confessing to the crimes purely for self-aggrandizement, DNA evidence has subsequently linked him to that crime.[17] 2.	• As it was known then; today it is called the Harvard station. References 1.	• "DNA Used to Identify Man Responsible for 1969 Murder of Jane Britton" (PDF) (Press release). Woburn, Massachusetts: Middlesex County District Attorney's Office. Retrieved December 30, 2018. • •  Wallack, Todd (November 20, 2018). "Prosecutors blame serial rapist for 1969 murder of Harvard student Jane Britton". The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 29, 2018. • •  Swenson, Kyle (November 26, 2018). "For nearly 50 years, Harvard was haunted by an unsolved murder. DNA now points to a serial rapist". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 29, 2018. • •  United Press International (January 8, 1969). "Coed at Harvard Is Slain in Apartment". The New York Times. Retrieved December 30, 2018. • •  Reinhold, Robert (January 18, 1969). "Cambridge Murder Victim Is Recalled as Intelligent and Witty". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2018. • •  Britton, Jane S. (1967). The Perigordian Vc: a Test Case in Comparative Methodology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Radcliffe College. Retrieved December 30, 2018. • •  "Archaeological Unit From Harvard Unearths Lost Fortress in Persia". Harvard Crimson. Cambridge, Massachusetts. November 12, 1968. Retrieved December 30, 2018. • •  de Saint Phalle, Anne (January 8, 1969). "Grad Student Killed". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved December 30, 2018. • •  Thomas, Jack (June 13, 2002). "Victims of the Boston Strangler". The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 30, 2018. • •  "Mystery surrounds slaying" (PDF). The Tech. January 14, 1969. Retrieved December 31, 2018. • •  "Services Held for Slain Coed". Associated Press. January 9, 1969. Retrieved December 30, 2018 – via Lewiston Evening Journal. • •  Wallack, Todd (June 17, 2017). "Half-century later, murder evidence still under wraps". The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 31, 2018. • •  "Cambridge Autopsy Gives No New Clues in Murder". The New York Times. January 14, 1969. Retrieved December 30, 2018. • •  "Cambridge Police Declare Black-out On Britton Case". The Harvard Crimson. January 10, 1969. Retrieved December 31, 2018. • •  "Bludgeoning Victim at Harvard Buried". The New York Times. January 11, 1969. Retrieved December 31, 2018. • •  "Widow Killed Near Radcliffe Dorm; Police Cite Britton Case Similarities". The Harvard Crimson. February 7, 1969. Retrieved December 31, 2018. • •  Otis, Ginger Adams (July 19, 2013). "DNA confirms Albert DeSalvo's link to 'Boston Strangler' killing of Mary Sullivan: authorities". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 2, 2019. 18.	• MacNeill, Arianna (November 20, 2018). "Jane Britton, a Harvard graduate student, was found murdered in 1969. Now authorities say they know who did it". Boston.com. Retrieved January 2, 2019. Categories: •	1969 murders in the United States •	Murder in Massachusetts •	Deaths by beating in the United States •	Rapes in the United States •	Incidents of violence against women •	Violence against women in the United States •	History of Harvard University •	History of Cambridge, Massachusetts •	1969 in Massachusetts •	January 1969 events •	Female murder victims Navigation menu •	Pagau •	Alerts (0) •	Notices (2) •	Talk •	Sandbox •	Preferences •	Beta •	Watchlist •	Contributions •	Log out •	Article •	Talk •	Read •	Edit •	View history •	Unwatch Search •	Main page •	Contents •	Featured content •	Current events •	Random article •	Donate to Wikipedia •	Wikipedia store Interaction •	Help •	About Wikipedia •	Community portal •	Recent changes •	Contact page Tools •	What links here •	Related changes •	Upload file •	Special pages •	Permanent link •	Page information •	Wikidata item •	Cite this page Print/export •	Create a book •	Download as PDF •	Printable version Languages Add links •	This page was last edited on 14 January 2019, at 10:33. •	Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. 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