User talk:Pea Crisp/Sandbox

Changes made:


 * 1) The two references provide in paragraph one primary sources that have directly investigated and discussed the problem with the multiple terms used to describe school belonging. Both are empirically peer-reviewed articles.
 * 2) The sentence did not have a citation.
 * 3) Second sentence of paragraph 2, there is a lack of recent research on the page and these two citations provide two examples of recent research published in 2020.
 * 4) "mental health" added. It is well established in the literature that mental health and well-being are distinctively different constructs (e.g., refer to the dual continuum model for more information). You can have high wellbeing, but poor mental health for example. Mental health is one of the key areas impacted by low belonging and it needs to be mentioned. The citaion added above supports this new suggested inclusion.
 * 5) Paragraph 3: “Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM), developed in 1993, is one of the measures to ascertain the degree to which students feel a sense of school belonging. Students rate the extent to which they agree or disagree with statements, such as "People here notice when I'm good at something." In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held an international convention where the Wingspread Declaration on School Connections was developed as a group of tactics to increase students' sense of belonging and connection with their school.”  was deleted because: The first sentence belongs and is already covered in the “measurement” section below on the page. And the second sentence is already covered in the “implications for practice” section below on the page. It is repetative and unnecessary to have this mentioned here.
 * 6) Prevalence section: minor edits to imporve clarity of writing and address a small typo.
 * 7) Academic hardiness and citation added to determinants section based on new research. An important inclusion with implications for practice.
 * 8) Under the section Academic factors:  “Carol Goodenow and Kathleen Grady, who produced the most commonly used definition of school belonging, found each of these sub-sects of academic motivation to be significant predictors of students' perceptions of school belonging” was modified to say: Goodenow and Grady found each of these sub-sects of academic motivation to be significant predictors of students' perceptions of school belonging (to avoid repetition).
 * 9) Small changes to the measures section to ensure it is clear that there are many measures of school belonging and not just the ones listed on the Wikipedia page. The link to the repository is an impartial non-profit site that lists the measures mentioned as well as other free ones in the public domain.
 * 10) A paragraph is included in the implications for practice. This is important because the other suggestions are about school-level practices - what schools can do. This paragraph aims to show that there are student-level interventions that can also improve school belonging.

I hope these edits are useful.


 * Where citations have been added, I formatted them in the same manner as the rest of the citations. You got very close to the final format, but I did this because it is a good article and that is one of the criteria. And, there were some tweaks that were needed.


 * Where specific page numbers are not provided for the cited content, I added pn tags. Please identify the applicable page number(s).


 * Adding extra citations creates an overlinking situation, but for this type of article, I think that is fine as it provides more research background information.


 * Each sentence (see #2 above) does not need a citation. If the citation applies to a group of sentences, that's ok. Since you added extra citations to the next sentence, though, I copied up the original citations that the article was reviewed against.


 * I am not understanding why a paragraph was removed from the introduction, which does not need to be cited, by the way, if the content is cited below. Unless I am missing something, I don't see why you removed that paragraph. I am going to return it.–CaroleHenson (talk) 14:08, 7 June 2020 (UTC)


 * By the way, you can see each of my edits at this link, or see a group of edits in one screen by selecting the start and end versions that you'd like to see like this. I did edits one-by-one to make it easier to track each specific change in the edit history.–CaroleHenson (talk) 14:47, 7 June 2020 (UTC)

CaroleHenson Regarding your comment: I am not understanding why a paragraph was removed from the introduction, which does not need to be cited, by the way, if the content is cited below. Unless I am missing something, I don't see why you removed that paragraph. I am going to return it.–CaroleHenson (talk) 14:08, 7 June 2020 (UTC)

I removed the paragraph because the content is used elsewhere on the page. It is a repetition and did not seem to "fit".

I removed this..... Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM), developed in 1993, is one of the measures to ascertain the degree to which students feel a sense of school belonging. Students rate the extent to which they agree or disagree with statements, such as "People here notice when I'm good at something." In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held an international convention where the Wingspread Declaration on School Connections was developed as a group of tactics to increase students' sense of belonging and connection with their school.

But you will see that later in the article there is this:

Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) The most commonly used measure of school belonging is the Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) scale, which was developed by Carol Goodenow in 1993.[2][29] This scale measures students' feelings of belonging and membership within a school setting by having students respond to 18 items regarding their personal feelings and experiences within school. It is designed to be used with students of all ages and nationalities. Students answer the items on a scale ranging from 1 to 5, where 1 indicates Not at all true, and 5 indicates Completely true. The items are intended to measure students' perceptions of acceptance, academic and social support, value, and contentment within their social relationships at school. The following are some examples of items that students respond to: "People here notice when I'm good at something," "Other students take my opinions seriously," and "I feel like a real part of this school."[29] Research has found the PSSM to have high validity and reliability, attesting to its status as a valuable and functional measure of school belonging.[2]

And this:

In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) held an international convention to develop tactics for bolstering students' perceptions of school belonging.[2] They developed the Wingspread Declaration on School Connections which identified the following strategies for increasing students' belonging to and connection with their school:[35] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pea Crisp (talk • contribs) 07:13, 8 June 2020 (UTC)


 * , I am confused. The introduction is supposed to be a summary of the article. Perhaps you have a better way to summarize the information?


 * In the meantime, I'll copy over the changes that have been made so far.–CaroleHenson (talk) 07:43, 9 June 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅. Thanks for adding the page numbers. I copied over the content, minus the page number tags.–CaroleHenson (talk) 07:55, 9 June 2020 (UTC)

Thank you so much CaroleHenson - do not worry about the intro. Is everything okay with the page now from your perspective? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pea Crisp (talk • contribs) 23:11, 10 June 2020 (UTC)


 * Yes, it is fine with me now, . Thank you.–CaroleHenson (talk) 04:12, 13 June 2020 (UTC)