User talk:RKhalaf1999/Water pollution in the United States

4.5 Air Pollution as a Cause of Water Pollution

Air pollution is also a major contributor to "Surface Water Pollution". The type of pollutants in the air caused by industrial waste, auto emissions, smog, factories, and agricultural industries bio-waste released every day in the atmosphere are affecting the quality of our ocean water and fresh-water, thus affecting marine life, plants, animals, and ultimately human survival. Air pollution can also affect global warming, in turn can change rainfall patterns causing the destruction of plant life, consequently alter human beings way of life. The waste from industrial sectors and auto emissions releases gas, including nitrogen oxide when interacted with water vapor in air forms a phenomena called acid rain that falls down to oceans, lakes, streams, reservoirs, and as well as soil used in agricultural farms. The acid rain drains all the important nutrients, such as oxygen from the water and soil causing harm to marine life, detrimental to animals and humans and it reduces the ability of plants to reproduce. There are some measures that local and federal governments introduce intermittently that can help air and water safety. Under CWA (Clean Water Act), dumping pollutants into bodies of water from a point source is unlawful unless a permit has been obtained.Since the air and water pollutants are tightly connected, any measure to reduce one will have an impact on the other. On September 21st, 2021, California Air Resources Board (CARB) proposed a plan to upgrade all engines in cars, trucks, and boats tier 3 by the end of 2024 and tier 4, which is much less pollutant, by 2035. One problem with tier 4 engines was that the technology does not exist yet, the idea to use Diesel Particulate Filters will theoretically lower emissions but since the technology has not yet been developed it was this proposal was more theoretical than practical. On September 28th Sportfishing Association of California (SAC) and Golden Gate Fishermen’s Association (GGFA) protested against this proposal on the basis on the upgrades to their boats would be economically disastrous and would lead to charging their customers higher ticket cost which in turn would cause the reduction of the number they can service and they won't be able to cover the new upgrades and stay in business. The two sides reached a compromise to upgrade to tier 3 and delay the tier 4 update for when the technology is available and cost effective. The upgrade of the engines, wherever in boats, trucks, airplanes, or cars, tier 3 would be an example of how to reduce the pollution in the air that directly affects the water pollution in the United States.

6.2.5 Flint Michigan Water crisis

One of the most after the fact, media-covered water pollution incidents in recent U.S. history happened in the small town of Flint, Michigan population under 100,000. Before the water crisis, Flint was already having economic issues due to some automobile plant closures. From April 2014 to June 2016, the small town had water supply not suitable for human or animal consumption due to high lead content. The crisis was caused when the city’s water source was directed from Detroit River and Lake Huron managed by Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD) to Flint River to save cost of delivering water to the people of Flint. Soon after, citizens of Flint started to notice the poor water quality. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has the lead content in water supply, 15 ppb (parts per billions) or 15 microgram of lead per liter to be the threshold for safe drinking water, and anything over 5000 ppb to be considered as hazardous waste. In mid 2014, many children tested for high levels of lead in their blood and were hospitalized. Eventually, in August 2014, the State of Michigan issued an emergency order to the citizens of Flint, to boil the water before drinking to lessen the effect of the pollutant in water. Many households' water was tested and retested, the results indicated lead contents of above 5000 ppb in many cases. In October 2015, after the governor declared a state of emergency and acknowledged the health issues caused by Flint’s polluted water, including skin rashes, memory loss as well as Legionnaire disease and lead poisoning, the water system was switched back to DWSD but it was until February of 2019 that the drinking water supply in Flint was considered to be safe for human drinking. This crisis impacted not only the health of people and animals, it also put a tremendous burden on the state and local economy. The city pipes needed to be tested, cleaned and in some cases upgraded as well as the cost of regularly testing the water supply and monitoring its improvement, also during these times, the bottled water was delivered to the household .RKhalaf1999 (talk) 00:21, 29 May 2022 (UTC)

Air pollution Air pollution is also a major contributor to surface water pollution. The type of pollutants in the air caused by industrial waste, auto emissions, smog, factories, and agricultural industries bio-waste released every day in the atmosphere are affect the quality of marine and fresh water bodies, thus affecting marine life, plants, animals, and ultimately human survival. The waste from industrial sectors and auto emissions releases gas, including nitrogen oxide when interacted with water vapor in air forms a phenomena called acid rain that falls down to oceans, lakes, streams, reservoirs, and as well as soil used in agricultural farms. The acid rain drains all the important nutrients, such as oxygen from the water and soil causing harm to marine life, detrimental to animals and humans and it reduces the ability of plants to reproduce.

On September 21st, 2021, California Air Resources Board proposed a plan to upgrade all engines in cars, trucks, and boats to "Tier 3" levels by the end of 2024, and the "Tier 4" level, which is more restrictive, by 2035.[43] Tier 4 engine technology does not yet exist. The Sportfishing Association of California and Golden Gate Fishermen’s Association argued against this proposal on the basis on the upgrades to their boats would be economically disastrous and would lead to charging their customers higher ticket cost, and affect their ability to stay in business.[44] The two sides reached a compromise to upgrade to Tier 3 and delay the Tier 4 update for when the technology is available and cost effective.

Corroded pipes and contaminated water source

There are approximately 45000 Animal Feeding Operation facilities or factory farms in the US. These facilities keep and feed millions of animals and produce billions of gallons of animal waste per year, in 2012 these Farm Factories produced 369 million tons of animal waste some are processed as fertilizers  and some stored in containers in nearby ponds and lagoons and streams. Depending on the type of container used, overtime sooner or later they leak and discharge bacteria and other pollutants in the water and this may lead to pollute the water source for a community as well as put the fish and local animals’ health in danger and destroy new crops and vegetation or at least render them useless, The contaminated water  may be used in irrigation systems, drinking water processing facilities. The area in the United States that has a strong agricultural economy and is rain prone, may be the biggest contributor to agricultural water pollution. The rainwater will facilitate the runoff of fertilizers, pesticides and bacteria from animal livestock to the ground and to the  body of water nearby, which in turn can cause water pollution. In the recent survey, approximately 37% of streams, lakes and bays in the United States are polluted.

Air pollution New Air pollution is also a major contributor to surface water pollution. The type of pollutants in the air caused by industrial waste, auto emissions, smog, factories, and agricultural industries bio-waste released every day in the atmosphere are affect the quality of marine and fresh water bodies, thus affecting marine life, plants, animals, and ultimately human survival. The waste from industrial sectors and auto emissions releases gas, including nitrogen oxide when interacted with water vapor in air forms a phenomena called acid rain[46] that falls down to oceans, lakes, streams, reservoirs, and as well as soil used in agricultural farms. The acid rain drains all the important nutrients, such as oxygen from the water and soil causing harm to marine life, detrimental to animals and humans and it reduces the ability of plants to reproduce.

On September 21st, 2021, California Air Resources Board proposed a plan to upgrade all engines in cars, trucks, and boats to "Tier 3" levels by the end of 2024, and the "Tier 4" level, which is more restrictive, by 2035.[47] Tier 4 engine technology does not yet exist. The Sportfishing Association of California and Golden Gate Fishermen’s Association argued against this proposal on the basis on the upgrades to their boats would be economically disastrous and would lead to charging their customers higher ticket cost, and affect their ability to stay in business.[48] The two sides reached a compromise to upgrade to Tier 3 and delay the Tier 4 update for when the technology is available and cost effective. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RKhalaf1999 (talk • contribs) 02:04, 1 June 2022 (UTC)