User talk:Ravtul/sandbox

BIOCOMPOSITE FINISHING MATERIALS AS A MEANS OF CONTROL AND SAFE ENVIRONMENT OF FORMATION OF HUMAN HABITAT PROJECT CONCEPT Test ( pending a group of inventions) refers to methods of self- cleaning and self-disinfecting surfaces of interior finishing material and a method for cleaning the air from organic and inorganic pollutants in indoor environments residential, public and industrial buildings in a natural and mechanical ventilation, and air-conditioning and are based on the author's experimental scientific and industrial trends in the field of alternative energy ( "green" energy) for a "green" building and environmental safety of the human environment. "Green" building includes three specific fundamental requirements : • increased demands for comfort of the building, • a significant reduction in resource consumption object, • no negative impact on the building and the environment. . Environmental cleanliness of output and energy efficiency of environmentally sound technologies, alternative energy ("green" energy) is a fundamental requirement and a demand for "green" construction. Creation of environmentally friendly materials is one of the key challenges of our time. This is due to the environmental problems that have arisen due to the accumulation in the biosphere synthetic materials. The new complex direction - Physical and Chemical Biology, which includes biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology and genetics, bio-organic chemistry and some other disciplines - not only helps to solve the problems that have long been put before the biology of production and engineering practice, but also suggests ways fundamentally new biological production. The use of raw materials of animal and plant origin and reception on the basis of biologically active complexes and substances are one of the promising areas of application of biotechnology. The first result was expressed in the innovative direction of environmentally friendly "decorative tile" (utility patent № 95711RU) and is applicable in the modern interior design. Cladding material products made of biopolymers and natural minerals for innovative biotechnological processes including the production of a composite material, and along with the aesthetic quality is an adsorbent with antiseptic properties. When using such tiles on the one hand ensures the absorption of harmful and toxic substances from the air space while eliminating unwanted substances enter data (cigarette smoke, odors, etc.) in the atmosphere of the room. Also, the use of tiles in the room will maintain the desired humidity level. As a result, the application of the above tile allows you to maintain the premises in a sanitary conditions and environmental safety. It should further be noted that a sufficient wetting of the surface is known from RU 95711 (non- normative part of the product), i.e. the formation on the surface of the electrolyte it is possible to use as a low-potential electric source. Identified the lack of the above technical solution is not totally solve the problem of maintaining the indoor mode health and environmental safety, then there is not enough room in the effective maintenance of a given climate. According to statistics, the annual loss of biodegradation of materials, products and structures in a number of industrialized countries amount to billions of dollars. However, the seriousness of the problem lies not only in the loss of funds related to the deterioration of structures, stop processes, etc. Often, the damage generally cannot be expressed in monetary units: these include accident, resulting in the loss of health and loss of life. For the protection of materials and products against biological damage are modified by various biocides. The further development of the technical solution and allowed to offer a composite material that provides disinfectant and bactericidal effects, microclimate control and environmental safety in the premises or areas. Disinfectant and germicidal effect is provided by the unfavorable impact of technology electrochemical environment for micro-organisms and is in effect on the activity of microorganism’s cell - current sources of micro/nano porous structure of the composite material. Self-disinfecting material from microorganisms and air cleaning with natural or artificial ventilation and air conditioning is carried out in areas with normal and high humidity, and can be used as an alternate source of microelectronics (sensors, sensors, etc.). In studies using the method of "meta-analysis" and "systematic review" of scientific publications in the fields of fundamental and applied sciences. Ongoing experimental and research work is based on the principles of Biomimetic. Bionics - the use of applied sciences in the field of technical devices is the study of the structure and function of biological systems as models for the design of engineering materials. Microorganisms’ living cells have the energy and use a large amount of protein and minerals in order to build a self-organizing way cellular material micro -and nanometer sizes, so it would be logical to take advantage of natural examples. In 1960 in the UK there was an electrochemical hypothesis life support microorganisms (by P. Mitchell), according to which the transformation of the energy of oxidation in the energy life-support cell has an intermediate electrical energy. In other words, the process of oxidation of a substance associated with biochemical reactions in a living cell flow (transport) electrons with inert (oxidized) substrate in the cell. In the innovative technology of using natural ability of proteins to form regular structures in the form of a crystal lattice, and the ability of bacteria to absorb (leach) metals. In the process of microbial activity and interaction with the external environment of the built environment and the subsequent drying and death of microorganisms is their self-assembly and crystallization with the formation of the above complexes and ensembles. One of efficient technological options for obtaining the proposed composite material is its production of industrial wastes of food industry and agriculture and their use as a reactor for sowing of acetic acid bacteria from the air

When designing a bio composite material using new trends in "green" technology biopolymers: • Use of existing organisms as a source of biopolymers: • Isolation of microorganisms from the air and the organization created by the growth of colonies in the medium. • use of microorganisms as a scaffold for the formation of inorganic substances, and the subsequent process of a porous bio composite material microstructure of the cells comprising Nano-bio-electrodes and electrolyte. • The use of waste products of existing organisms to produce monomers - raw material for the production of biopolymers. Modern trends in the world of biomaterials indicate location and role of microorganisms synthesized different chemical structures In addition, using a biochemical process of animal protein and vegetable origin (milk, bean, etc.), metals bio sorption process comprising the bacteria isolated from the air tank to the bioreactor and is one of the essential distinctive features of the method of forming a composite material which is expressed in "bio mineralization"- preparatory process comprising metals bio sorption operations forming bacteria and cellular adhesive composite film coating ingredients. Manufacturing technology biopolimineral aspect involves the synthesis of micro-organisms (bacteria, blue-green algae and etc.) of the different chemical structures of metals and minerals, and later in the process forming the pores of the composite film coating micro carriers nanoparticles and ultrafine fibers. Upon completion of all cycles of the process, the pores of the composite structure include molecular compounds presenting cell, and the current sources composed of the electrolyte and the electrode(s) – micro nano chastity and/or ultrafine fiber. As providing scientific assistance in the laboratory spectroscopic methods of research of the Center for Collective Use of the Kazan State Technological University studied presented experimental samples and innovative material in the study protocol indicated that as a result of the study, the resulting suspension has a particle size distribution of 190 + - 30 nm. The composite material is made of energy-efficient technologies by using natural energy from renewable organic materials and resources of mineral materials of natural origin and organic and inorganic materials that are waste. The fundamental technological principles, methods, and methods of manufacturing the composite biopolimineral provide a wide range of uses and applications. Performance achieved and physic-chemical properties, you can use it as an adhesive binder and filler for natural and man-made, and as a coating for surfaces of various natural and artificial origin. Designing innovative composite structure of proteins, microorganisms and inorganic compounds is driven by self-assembly and energy efficient external influence on certain process steps. Today, there are composite materials with structures of micro-nano level. Produce from both synthetic and of biological materials (proteins, collagen, etc.), natural minerals. They allow you to obtain membranes that are similar in its effect to the reverse osmosis membranes, delay, detoxify organic compounds. The proposed composite material acts as a filter, reverse osmosis membranes for micro -and nano- level to achieve technological solutions and functional effect of the composite material using waste products of animal and vegetable origin, oxides of metals , minerals , clay , coal, and micro-organisms. Properties of clay used is entirely dependent on the chemical and mineral composition, but also on the magnitude of the constituent particles. Among the physical properties of the least variability in the density of clay rocks. These range from 2.50 to 2.85 g/cm3. The admixture of organic matter reduces the density of clay, as it is for humus 1.25-1.40 g/cm3. In the mineral clay, its value is also low - up to 2.25 g / cm ³. Porosities range from 25-30 to 60% since the vast majority is open, accessible to the liquid ingredients. With the density and porosity of clay soils closely tied to their water permeability. Details of the materials used and the porosity of the material affect the efficiency of Biotechnology and composite. Efficiency of porous material depends on the characteristics because the flow control porous structure and kinetics of biochemical processes. Porous characteristics important for biotechnological applications : pore diameter, the smallest diameter of the through pore distribution of pore size, pore volume, surface area, pore hydrophobicity, hydrophobicity, gas and liquid permeability, water vapor transmission rate (water vapor permeability), the diffusion stream. Chemical environment, temperature, humidity, pressure / compression / load can significantly affect the pore structure. It is therefore important to know how the porous structure of a substance can change when the external influence. How does the porosity of the adsorbent to its general absorbing surface can be seen from the following example: suppose that the substance is taken in the form of a cube with sides of 1 cm. permeated diameter of channels 20A, the adsorbent in these channels are spaced apart at a distance and 20A, then the number of channels to be equal to 6.25 * 10v12st. and their overall (total ) internal surface be 3.9 * 10v6st. cm2, i.e. approximately 400 m2. The total surface of all the pores that were found empirically to 1g. Activated charcoal is 400 - 1000 m2. According to V.Chernina, van der Waals forces holding the water adsorption in the pores in the gel , are exempt when it evaporates and cause shrinkage of artificial stone. The elastic properties of the aggregate also determine the degree of reduction in drying and the porosity of the material. For example, the use of filler metal results in a reduction of shrinkage , however, the content of impurities in the clay filler may increase the shrinkage , because clay itself subject to shrinkage. Shrinkage is mainly caused by change of the surface tension of second solid phase in the pores of size 4-10 A ( RH w = 0-40%); physically adsorbed water pressure in the pores of 4-10 A (for w = 0-40%); change surface tension of the condensed water in the gel pores of 10-100 a, and the capillary pores of 100-1000 a (for w = 40-80%) and the hydrostatic pressure in the pores of the plastic deformation 10-1000 a (w = 40-98%). Operation of modern synthetic building materials for the main living spaces, limited by the requirements hygroscopic and permeability, due to the possible formation of favorable conditions for the activity of microorganisms found in the air and / or brought in from outside during periods of high moisture and humidity in the room. Humidity dependent nature of the substance, and solids and the degree of fineness of the porosity. Setting the degree of humidity of many products and materials, etc. is important. Only when acertain humidity, many of the body (grain, cement, etc.) are suitable for the purpose for which they are intended. Depending on the form of salts (electrolytes natural or artificial), that are contained in the pores of bio composite (and many other cellular materials of construction ) for the penetration of water in the materials of construction may occur at various stages of crystallization pressure material (up to 0.44 MPa ), due to daily and seasonal changes in temperature and humidity of the air. Salts are in the pores - near the surface material is attached the water passing from the anhydrous and low water in crystalline form. This usually increases the volume of the solid salts, and the additional stresses arise in the pores and capillaries of the materials of construction. As a result, moisture in honeycomb composite material combined on cell principle and incorporating the Nano scale pores, partial molecular dissolution biopolimineral film coating consisting of molecular assemblies and bimetallic and organometallic compounds , and as a result the pores of the gel electrolyte solution produced ( bio composite material is dissolved to a predetermined and defined concentration). By absorbing moisture from the air or by water electrochemical reactions in the pores, the cells formed by the composite material and the electric potential at the same action potential galvanic battery or an electrolytic capacitor (given processes). As the organic electrolyte may be a activated charcoal, i.e. coal having ultra-porous structure. The activated form of carbon used in the production of components for electric batteries, known as "ultra-capacitors". This type of battery (otherwise referred to as electric double layer capacitors) is a capacitor with organic or inorganic electrolyte «plates " which is an electric double layer at the interface of electrode and electrolyte. Light energy will have a very strong effect on the surface of bio composite relatively dry and wet condition, and which can be described as a photochemical effects on electrolyte and organometallic components . Under the influence of the energy of the photon photochemical processes triggered conversion element (photoelectric effect in the electrolyte was discovered by Alexander Becquerel, which he observed in 1839 ) . According to experiments Chevrel (effect of the light beam) it was found that the influence of light beam increases significantly in the presence of oxygen and moisture. Direct sunlight is stronger than the scattered and artificial light effect similar to sunlight, but much weaker. When exposed to solar and artificial light (electromagnetic effect) pores become, due to the phenomenon of internal photoelectric effect, the properties of the cell photo-electrolytic. V-A biopolimineral repeatable characteristics in liquid state showed a DMM of the order 0.4mA and 0.9V in the amount of 5-15 ml of a digital multimeter recorded the voltage from 1V to 2V. Solar and artificial light, the pore pressure and temperature have a direct effect on the current- voltage characteristics of the power supply – photo-electrochemical cell. A team of scientists from experimental studies emphasize the impact of events and the effects of different cations on electro surface properties of microorganisms and the relationship between the values of the potential and their vital functions. These studies place the cations on their antimicrobial action in the following order: Ag +> Cu2 +> Al3 +. Fe3 +. La3 +. Th3 + / 4 +. Bactericidal effect was amplified in an electric field only in the case of Ag + cations and Cu 2 +, however, showed a strong dependence of the effect of the external field. Based on the fact that with increasing electric field strength, as well as with increasing electrolyte concentration increases the zeta potential of cells, it is concluded in favor mechanism changes the surface adsorption of ions. It is assumed that the application of an electric field as the energy factor to the transport of ions in the microbial cell. Complex biochemical metabolic processes in the cell, converting various forms of energy in a cell or in its elements, such as the mitochondria , are explicable only by the fact that energy is transferred particles with mass less than the mass of the atom , and first of all direct and indirect electron. Over time, researchers have established pattern of movement charge carriers with the processes of life. The electromagnetic exposure to sunlight, time to acquire properties foto-elektrolitic cell Photo-electrochemical and / or electrochemical effects which adversely affect the functioning of the membrane of the microorganism, ion channels and transport proteins in the cell formation of salts of the acidic compounds of the ions also occurs due to an osmotic effect difference in the concentrations of electrolytes in the microorganism cells and the electrolyte environment , causing dehydration of the biological cells. Where appropriate, regeneration by removing the micro layer product surface and material. Existing reliable ways to assess the effectiveness of biosecurity and materials are based on the determination of metabolic parameters used by the test bacteria ( concentration of fermentation products and " Kraft " respiration rate of cellular uptake of molecular oxygen), which established the correlation relationship with antibacterial properties affect cells of biocide products containing them and materials. Methods for assessing the degree of resistance to microbial activity materials and products are fully suitable for new ways and means of influence on the activity of microorganisms. In the present method of cleaning the air in the room through the finish of "smart " materials with the declared innovative features and specifications used by the air humidity, without causing damage, both material and human health. "Breathable" porous material help to provide humidity control room in a natural way at the expense of the functional properties such as the consumption of moisture from the air and high humidity, the inverse return of treated water during the daily fluctuations in humidity and temperature extremes. The air in modern cities is becoming less suitable for breathing. A large number of toxic substances that filled the air space of the city, is the cause of many serious diseases. Most of the time the person is in the room. Scientists hygienists have come to the conclusion that many of the disease is determined by the climate and air quality in the room. Such diseases have even the name of "housing diseases ." The fundamental technological principles, methods, and methods of manufacturing the composite biopolimineral provide a wide range of uses and applications. Achieved characteristics allow its use as an adhesive binder and filler for natural and man-made, and as a coating for surfaces of various natural and artificial origin. Existing work is a promising first step towards the development of a wide range of applications that were previously inaccessible. Advantages and differences of the present method and the «smart" finishing material is: • Provide natural (energy-efficient) climate control inside the human environment and for related material and cultural values, environmental safety for humans and the environment, both in everyday life and in emergency situations. • Antibacterial effect and protection against organic pollutants will remove the environmental costs of human and economic components of the implementation of disinfection facilities, significantly reduced when using the present method and a bio composite material. • the ability to use readily available and clean energy and alternative ways to power microelectronic in the room and in a variety of habitats person. Bio nanotechnology in the construction industry in the area of materials, will be the next step in the development of bio- nanotechnology, a new tool for the development of bioelectronics, health and environmental safety of the human environment.

Ravil A, Tulumbaev The design engineer, the researcher, interior designer, http://www.researcherid.com/rid/D-7866-2012