User talk:Rohan Raj Chromatic/sandbox

Introduction
Female foeticide describes the abortion of a female fetus. The possibility of a skewed sex proportion is one of the greatest threats to our modern human progress. The growing disparity between men and women is leading to a slew of crimes, including illegal female trafficking, rapes, polygamy, and societal dehumanization. These crimes are on the rise, making the world a hazardous place for women.

Female foeticide is one of the most horrible crimes on the earth; maybe even more heinous is the fact that the majority of those who commit this heinous crime are wealthy. We've all heard about female foeticide.

We all know why it's happening at such a breakneck speed. But we should also be aware of the laws in place to combat this horrible crime. In this article, we'll look at the legislation that the government has enacted from time to time to prevent female foeticide.

Female foeticide occurs for a variety of reasons

These terrible murders of girls are justified primarily for two reasons. The favored culture is one of them. Many experts feel that female foeticide occurs as a result of a desire for a male child. They are preferred because they offer manual labor, are the family's breadwinners, and have a good family history. In locations where the cultural norm prefers a male child over a girl child, selective abortion of a female child is most likely. A son is always considered an "asset" in a family, while a daughter is always considered a "burden."

The financial load is the second reason. In India, having a daughter is seen as a significant financial burden. A significant sum of money must be spent on a daughter's wedding. People may be forced to take out a mortgage or even sell their homes to pay for their daughter's wedding. They may be forced to take out loans that will be repaid by future generations. As a result, having a daughter is seen as a financial burden that few people wish to face.

Hon'ble Justice Dipak Mishra observed in the case of Voluntary Health Association of Punjab v. Union of India: ''All those involved in female foeticide are oblivious to the fact that when a girl child's fetus is destroyed, a future woman is crucified. To put it another way, the current generation invites misery on its own and also sows the seeds of sorrow for future generations, as the sex ratio suffers as a result, leading to a slew of social issues.''

 Causes 

1. Our society's dowry system is the primary cause of female foeticide. Many poor-class families kill several girls while they are still in the womb, fearing dowry. They are concerned about paying a dowry for their daughters' weddings, which is something that impoverished families cannot afford.

2. Many parents view their daughters as a financial liability. They believe that spending money on a girl is a waste of money because she would end up living with her in-laws after the wedding. The birth of a boy is seen to be a road to heaven in Hindu mythology. Girls are put to death before they are born because they are enslaved by such rigid views.

3. A rise in inflation is another fundamental cause of female foeticide. Parents contemplate a hundred times before giving birth to a girl child as a result of rising inflation. They are concerned about their daughter's education and marriage.

4. The main cause of female foeticide is a technological improvement. Nowadays, parents decide on a child's sex before birth, and if it does not match their preferences, they murder the newborn.

5. Corruption is a significant contributor to the growth in female foeticide. Some doctors commit this horrific deed to satisfy their financial desires.

Origin

When ultrasound techniques became widely used in India in the early 1990s, this process began. Families tended to keep having children until a male child was born. This was primarily due to India's sexist culture, which is hostile to women. This is mirrored in women's literacy rates and economic engagement, both of which are particularly low in states where female foeticide is prevalent and a population ratio imbalance exists. To prevent population growth, the government initially backed the practice. In 1994, Congress approved the Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, making sex-selective abortion illegal. In 2003, it was changed to make medical professionals legally liable. The PCPNDT Act, on the other hand, has been badly implemented by authorities.

Female foeticide's ramifications

The female population is rapidly dwindling as a result of female foeticide. As a result, finding girls for marriage is getting increasingly difficult. This, in turn, leads to the trafficking of young women. According to reports, girls from Assam and West Bengal are kidnapped and sold for marriage in Haryana, the state with the lowest child sex ratio in the country. Our culture is becoming male dominating as a result of the decline in the female population, which is not a healthy sign. Men believe themselves more superior and above the law as the number of women declines, resulting in women's exploitation. Human trafficking has increased as a result of female foeticide. In 2011, 15,000 Indian women were purchased and sold as brides in places where foeticide had resulted in a shortage of females.

Female foeticide is prohibited by law.

Many laws have been developed to control the threat of female foeticide as a result of all of these causes and consequences. In 1971, India established its first abortion-related law, the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, which made abortion legal in practically all Indian states but was designed only for cases of medical risk to the mother and child created via rape. In addition, the statute established physicians may legally conduct abortions under the aforementioned conditions. The government, on the other hand, had not taken into account the likelihood of female foeticide as a result of technological advancements. As a result, this law has shown to be highly ineffective.

In India throughout the 1980s, sex screening technologies were widely available to the general public. As a result, a flood of reports about the misuse of sex screening technologies began to stream in. In 1994, the government passed the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PNDT) to address this issue. The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) (PCPNDT) Act was enacted in 2004 after being changed several times for various reasons. Its main purpose was to prevent and penalize female foeticide and prenatal sex screening.

 Schemes of the Government 

Both the federal and state governments have launched a variety of female child welfare programs to change people's attitudes regarding girls and improve their lives. Here are a few examples of such schemes:

 Bachao Beti Beti Padhao is a national government initiative aimed at protecting girls from sex-selective abortions and advancing their education across the country. Initially, districts with low male-to-female ratios were targeted.

Balika Samriddhi Yojana is a scholarship program that provides financial assistance to young girls and their mothers who live in poverty. The scheme's main goal is to raise their social status and increase the number of girls who enroll in and stay in school.

The Central Board of Secondary Education administers the Udaan Scheme on behalf of the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government of India. This program aims to increase the number of girls enrolled in engineering and other technical colleges across the country.

Haryana's Ladli Scheme is a cash incentive program launched by the Haryana government that pays out Rs. 5000 per year for five years to families with a second girl child born on or after August 20, 2015. The funds are held in a Kisan Vikas Patra. Once the concerned girl child reaches the age of majority, the deposits and interest will be released.

Karnataka Bhagyashree Scheme This is a Karnataka government program aimed at encouraging the birth of girl children in low-income families. The girl kid receives annual health insurance coverage up to a maximum of Rs. 25,000.

 Pronouncement of a Judicial Body 

The judiciary has played a critical role in the prevention of crimes against women in general, and female foeticide in particular.

In the landmark case of Centre For Enquiry Into Health And Allied Themes (CEHAT) v. Union Of India & Others, petitioners concerned about the Act's implementation took the Union of India to court to demand that the provisions of the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994, which had failed to achieve its purpose of reducing female feticide, be effectively implemented and executed.

The court issued a warning to the Centre, States, and Union Territories that they must effectively comply with the Act's directives, and it also stressed that it has the authority to take criminal action against violators. Given growing technology, the Court ordered that the Act be changed, and the Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994 was enacted in 2003. The National Committee (National Monitoring and Implementation Committee— NMIC) was also established by the Court to oversee the Act's implementation.

 Suggestions 

Here are some ideas for combating the evil of female foeticide:

1.	Legislation outlawing sex-selective abortion, as well as laws combatting various causes of female foeticides, such as the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act of 2012, must be appropriately implemented. The statutes, however, are not an absolute answer for preventing female foeticide. To stop this practice, public knowledge is critical, and no awareness campaign is complete without a genuine focus on women's genius and the need for women's empowerment.

2.	Medical practitioners can play an essential role in gender equality by informing and counseling their patients about the effects of a skewed gender ratio on society. Women should be educated about their rights as well as the dangers of abortion.

3.	More states should follow in the footsteps of the Uttar Pradesh government's 'Mukhbir Yojana,' which was started in 2017. Under this scheme, the government offers a reward of up to Rs 2 lakh to anyone who informs state authorities about a doctor or medical staff member's involvement in fetus sex determination and/or female foeticide.

4.	Projects like HUL's Programme Shakti and Project Asha Daan, Hindustan Zinc's Sakhi Project, and DB Corp. Limited Underprivileged Girl Child Education, among others, should be encouraged as part of corporate social responsibility.

5.	Governments should launch initiatives aimed at the wealthiest members of society, using non-cash incentives.

Conclusion

Female foeticide knowledge is being conveyed across the country through a variety of methods. Plays, soap operas, mass awareness initiatives, advertisements, celebrity endorsements, the Beti Bachao movement, rallies, posters, and so on. Everyone is attempting to disseminate the message as widely as possible. Despite these efforts, our country's gender ratio is not improving. There are around 110 boys for every 100 girls, according to the 2011 Census. This demonstrates that our country's sex ratio has been ruined. We can blame the government, NGOs, or society as a whole all we want, but this problem will not be remedied until the common man understands the importance of a girl child. Every action has a reaction, and the people of this country must recognize that. The desire for girls for marriage has surged across the country as a result of widespread female foeticide. The meat trade has increased as a result of this. In one way or another, the female is the one who suffers. We must comprehend the significance of a female. After all, they make up half of the population. They should be treated with the same deference and respect as men in society.

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