User talk:Sangdaf

'Envirnoment Audit Environmental audit is a technique for integrating the interest for the industry and the environment, so that these could be mutually supported. This technique is basically a part of industry ' s internal procedure in meeting there responsibilities towards better environment. This is a management tool comprising a systematic, documented, periodic, and objective evaluation of how well the management system's are performing with the aim of: Waste prevention & reduction, Assessing compliance with regulatory requirements and Facilitating control of environmental practices by a company's management and for placing environmental information in the public domain. In Industries like the chemical industries, the raw materials are used in excess of stoichiometric requirements because of the limitation on practically achievable operational efficiency and the raw materials purity. These excess of raw materials unless recovered, find the way to environment causing pollution. This may be in the form of gaseous, liquid, and solid phases. The waste generation may vary hourly, daily or seasonally. In this growing complexity of problems, the concept of waste prevention and reduction can be work out more effectively. The main aim of environmental audit in an industry are : •	To identify the areas of water uses & waste water generation / to determine the emissions, there sources, quantities / to determine the solid waste, hazardous waste generation, there sources, quantities and their characteristics. •	To identify the possibilities of waste minimisation, recovery and recycling of waste. •	To determine the impact on the surrounding environment i. e. ground water, stream, residential area, agricultural area, sensitive area due to the disposal of waste water, emissions and solid waste from the industry and accordingly identified suitable measures if necessary. •	To check the effectiveness of the organisational set -up of the industry with special reference to technical viewpoint, attitudinal view point as well as environmental policy of company. Environmental Auditing has a great benefits to the industry as well as to the Society / Nation. The main benefit of environmental audit are:- •	The performance or the efficiency of the process systems and the pollution control systems. •	Cost saving, which can be increased through reduction in raw material consumption by way of waste minimisation, and adoption of recycle / recovery / reduction in pollution load. Nothing is waste, the waste of one place can be useful at another place. Sometimes it helps us for maintaining the zero discharge. •	Increase awareness of environmental requirements. •	Helps in understanding the technical capabilities. •	Provides the data for the requirement of plant modification. •	Ensures independent verification, identifies matters needing attention, and provides timely warning to management on potential future problems. •	Helps to safeguard environment. •	To determine the mass balance of various materials used and the performance of various process equipments, so as to identify usage of materials in excess than required ; to review the conversion efficiencies of process equipment and accordingly fix up norms for equipment / operation performance and minimisation of the wastes. The environmental audit helps in pollution control, improved production, safety and health and conservation of natural resources and hence its overall objective can be stated as achieving of sustainable developments. However for conducting environmental audit, objectives are to be defined clearly, or else the audit procedure will be subject to varying interpretations which may yield and contribute to differences in approach thereby influencing the end results. But generally the industries are avoiding the environmental auditing system or just taking as to fill the formality, and not getting the interest in the actual monitoring, for example flue gas coming out from the chimney is giving the performance of the boiler and the quality of the fuel. After getting the flue gas monitoring report industry can improve the boiler efficiency. In the same way industry can prepare the water balance where and how much quantity required or discharged, and where and how much quantity can be recycled. Ultimately it will save the withdrawal of ground water, resulting the cost saving i. e. reduction in the pumping cost and conservation of our natural resources also. Some of the following suggestions may be useful to the industries : •	An appropriate inventory of raw materials will help in the material handling losses and evaporation losses. •	Industry can fix the norms for performance of various process operations, so that the material loses can be minimised. •	Quantities required for each operation should be determined and water usage regulated strictly. Reduction in water usage reduces the waste water. •	Spills of materials should be restricted to enclosures, constructed for this purpose. The floor washings should be minimised. •	Waste water may be stored and reused. The storage costs may be lower than waste treatment and disposal costs. •	The scrubbing of gaseous emissions with a suitable chemical can yield an useful by - product. The discharges thus can be avoided by recycling or recovery of useful by - products. •	The treated waste water can be reused for floor wash, gardening, toilets etc. •	The process operations where emissions arise, should be provided with control equipment. Bold textCondensers can collect certain emissions which can be entirely reused. Solvent using industry is a very good example. Don' t think environment audit is a mandatory requirement only, but it is very helpful to access the performance of the technical capabilities. In these days, concept of clean technology has come, it can be evaluated very well with the help of environment audit. Sangdaf Nig Ltd