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Cock-of-the-rock Bird

Cock-of-the-rock (also known as “Rupicola”) is brilliantly colored bird of tropical South America. It is found in the most heavily forested mountain region. This exotic, South American bird is around 12 inches long with an orange head and dark feathers on the wings and tails (Cock-of-the-rock). Females tend to be a darker color which helps them protect their nest until the eggs crack. They are located mostly in Southern Venezuela, Eastern Colombia and Northern Brazil. Males are usually identified easier because they have flattened circular crests (Cock-of-the-rock). This type of bird comes from the Cotingidae bird family, which includes 90 different bird species around South America (Cock-of-the-rock). Each bird that belongs to the Cotingiade family gets its name depending on their voices and various food habits (Cock-of-the-rock).

Mating

Cock-of-the-rock birds are known for their unique way of mating. To catch females attention, they stay static within groups of males and they have a specific way of communicating their desire through movements of the eyes (Cock-of-the-rock). Females usually build nests in caves where their eggs will not get any type of light while they are in the process of growing (Cock-of-the-rock). Moreover, during mating season, these birds tend to include small reptiles in their diets and that makes them omnivorous, which is very rare in birds (Mahecha et. al). Females are the ones who chose who their partner will be. They are classified into groups depending on the number of males they mated with and the numbers of matings performed by each. The process of mating consists of females flying around different clusters of male birds, and deciding which one to mate with.

Nests

Like briefly mentioned before, nests tend to be built in caves so that eggs are well sheltered from bad weather and predators during their incubation time (D.W. Snow). The nests are built from mud and various plants and the female keeps fixing it on daily basis by bringing more mud and plants to secure the well being of the eggs until they crack (D.W. Snow). Sometimes males go and check on the eggs but it is usually the females that do so and the females help each other with checking the nests built around the area and not just their own (D.W. Snow). It must also be mentioned that eggs tend to vary in color depending on the time of the year they were laid ((D.W. Snow).

References "Cock-of-the-rock." Britannica Online Academic Edition (2018): Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Web. Mahecha, Villabona, Sierra, Ocampo, and Laverde-R. "The Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola Peruvianus) Is a Frugivorous Bird Predator." The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 130.2 (2018): 558-60. Web. Mate Choice at Cock-of-the-rock Leks: Tactics of Sampling and Comparison." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 25.4 (1989): 283-92. Web. Snow, D.W. J Ornithol (1971) 112: 323. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.ou.edu/10.1007/BF01640691  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Saraangulo (talk • contribs) 02:17, 1 December 2018 (UTC)

Chinstrap Penguins of Antarctica
Chinstrap Penguins

Chinstrap penguins (also known as pygoscelis) belong to one of the six Antarctic penguin species. This type of species is characterized by being covered in black at the top of the head and having the rest of the face white with one perfect stride of black feathers that is located along one side of the head. On top of the perfect- looking features this penguin contains, it also has a perfect black line bordering the eyes (Chinstrap penguin). Adult chinstraps tend to be about 28 inches in length and weight between seven to thirteen pounds. It is usually hard to tell the difference between males and females taking into consideration that they look very much alike other than females having a greyish color that is not too noticeable (Chinstrap penguin). Moreover, this species tends to stay around the same size throughout its lifetime, making it complicated to find a difference between baby penguins and adult penguins (Chinstrap penguin).  Location

The chinstrap penguins are located in the Northern part of the Antarctic peninsula (Chinstrap penguin). They spend their winters on icebergs in “warmer” areas of the peninsula so that they can maintain their warmth among each other (Chinstrap penguin).

Diet Bold text

Their diets consist of krills but fish are consumed regularly (Chinstrap penguin). Adult penguins can go as deep as three hundred and thirty feet deep to find prey but they usually find food at around forty meters deep (Chinstrap penguin).

Breeding

Chinstrap penguins become sexually mature between the ages of three and seven. Females produce on average two eggs between November and December. Unlike many bird species, males and females take care of the eggs throughout the hatching process. Most of their breeding occurs between the Balley Islands between Antarctica and New Zealand (Chinstrap penguins).  Recent population decrease

In the past twenty years the population of all species of penguins has been drastically decreasing overall (Sander et. al). The human population highly affect this in various ways but other aspects, such as climate change, play a huge role in the lowering of the penguin populations (Sander et. al). The amount of ice melting due to climate change is affecting the ability of adult penguins to hunt for their food (Sander et. al). Although many things can affect the decrease the population of certain species, climate change has been one of the biggest and most worrying causes of the decrease of the Chinstrap penguin population.

References'' "Chinstrap Penguin ." Britannica Online Academic Edition (2018): Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Web. Sander, Martin, Tatiana Balbão, Coelho Polito, Michael Costa, and John Carneiro. "Recent Decrease in Chinstrap Penguin ( Pygoscelis Antarctica ) Populations at Two of Admiralty Bay’s Islets on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica." Polar Biology 30.5 (2007): 659-61. Web. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Saraangulo (talk • contribs) 03:37, 1 December 2018 (UTC)