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Reported Cyanobacteria from the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (City of Noor)

Sarvenaz bigam soostani1, Rahman Patimar2, Behrouz Zarei Darki*3, Esa jorjani4 Masters student, Field of Marine Biology Orientation Sea Animals College of Technical engineering and Basic Sciences, University Gonbad Qabus Associate Professor in Fisheries Ecology University Gonbad Qabus 2 Assistant Professor, College of Technical engineering and Basic Sciences, University Gonbad Qabus zareidarki@modares.ac.ir
 * Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University
 * Corresponding Author: Behrouz Zarei Darki Assistant Professor Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University

Abstract The cyanobacteria as photosynthetic organisms have a main effect on life and productivity of the aquatic ecosystems. Well and longtime studies on identification, distribution and diversity of the Cyanobacteria is crucial in the Caspian Sea. Four transects were determined parallel to the river sabzehrud, the river Lavij, river Noor and the College of Marine Science beach from 2014 to 2015. Three stations were seasonally sampled in each transect by touring plankton and sampler Ruthner. Standard hydrobiological and phycology approaches were used for identification and totaling abundance of cyanobacteria. The most number of cyanobacteria in station A1 with number of 1062500 cells per liter was observed during summer season. Genera Chroococcus, Gloeocapsa, Merismopedia, Microcystis belongs to unicellular taxa and Anabaena, Anabaenopsis nadsonii, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, Phormidium were identified as multicellular genera. In most stations studied species was observed Anabaenopsis nadsonii. The results showed that cyanobacteria abundance were significantly different among stations and all seasons. Also similar cyanobacter species has no same frequency among stations inside each transect (Test Chi-Square, P <0.05). Keywords: Caspian Sea, cyanobacteria, hydrobiology, plankton, transects. INTRODUCTION Cyanobacteria or blue green algae are prokaryote photosynthetic organisms and feature among the pioneering organisms of planet Earth. They have been in existence for at least 2.7 billion years, and are considered to be the main primary producers of organic matter and the first organisms to have released oxygen into the primitive atmosphere. An interesting characteristic of cyanobacteria is their broad geographical distribution, which reflects the group’s genotypic and phenotypic variation. The main feature of cyanobacteria wide geographical distribution that reflects the diversity genotypic and phenotypic of the group. They can in the form of single-celled or form colonies flat, spherical, regular or irregular, or in the form of Types filamentous with splits are false or true. Cyanobacteria can be agent Creation of the Bloom, by secondary material can be harmful to the humans and aquatic organism's health. Global climate changes also Caused increase the growth cyanobacteria rates dangerous (Paerl et al; 2009; Bláha et al, 2009). The driving forces and mechanism of seasonal, changes are acknowledged to be related to variation in physical, chemical and biotic environment and to the many possibilities brought about by their mutual interaction which together effect differential specific growth and less rate among the algae (Reynold, 1984). Detailed studies have been done on identifying and species diversity of the Caspian Sea to the cyanobacteria return too far away. The subtle studies have been done on identifying and species cyanobacteria diversity of the Caspian sea, to referenced to many years ago (Proshkina- Lavrenko, et al., 1968; Kosarev, et al., 1994). Many factors pollutants southern Caspian Sea in short time affect while the some factors in longer period of time their effect shows. Which can create a variety of reasons changes in the dynamics of diversity and abundance. During the study tahami in years 2006-2007 which in the various chapters study carried out in the Caspian Sea. The maximum of diversity and abundance in the summer reported. Shah et al (2008) Seasonal changes phytoplankton of Population Structure and production ability in connection with the environmental factors in the waters off the coast of south western Bangladesh have examined. During this study a total of 31 species of phytoplankton was identified. Ecological factors can be on a daily basis, weekly, monthly and seasonal to influence on the structure of algal flora of aquatic ecosystems. These factors sometimes lead to the removal of some species and the presence of some new species to an aquatic ecosystem algal flora. Therefore, to assess the presence or absence of species and abundance cyanobacteria on the shores of city of Noor this study is conducted. Materials and Methods For the purposes of this project and twelve point four transects along rivers on the shores of city of Noor were determined that river sabzehrud (A); river Noor (B); river Lavij (D) and one perpendicular to the beach College of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University (C) were determined (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. The regional stations sampling in the Beach city of Noor Sampling a seasonal basis in the mid-four seasonal was conducted in years 2015-2014. For sampling and collect Cyanobacteria of various tools including: Plankton net, sampling Ruthner, containers with different volumes, GPS and boats were used. Fresh examples were used to identify the samples, and then of the counting slide Garyayou was used for count the species richness. Plankton identification with help identification keys and Monographs was performed valid (Massjuk; 1985; Zabelina; 1951.; komarek, 2005; Anagnostidis, 1985). Results using SPSS 16 square test K square and Shannon diversity index were analyzed through PRIMER 7. Results In the present study samples of cyanobacteria in four seasons and twelve point four transects were studied. Identification and counting species was individually Calculated (Table 1). The results showed that increasing temperature causes increases the diversity and abundance (Figure 2). K Chi-square test showed that compared the abundance cyanobacteria in the different seasons is different in every station (Chi-square test, P <0.05). Table1. Comparison of frequency of Cyanobacteria species in the different seasons sampling wintertime	Falltime	Summertime	Springtime	Season Species -	-	750000/L	-	Anabaena sp. -	-	687500/L	562500/L	Anabaenopsis nadsonii -	937500/L	437500/L	-	Chroococcus sp. -	-	187500/L	375000/L	Gloeocapsa sp. -	187500/L	-	562500/L	Merismopedia tenuissima -	1062500/L	-	-	Merismopediab sp. -	-	625000/L	-	Microcystis sp. 250000/L	-	-	-	Nostoc sp. 1812500/L	-	437500/L	250000/L	Oscillatoria limosa 1000000/L	-	250000/L	-	Oscillatoria tenuis -	-	562500/L	812500/L	Oscillatoria sp. 937500/L	-	-	500000/L	Phormidium sp. -	62500/L	-	-	phormidium.sp1

Figure 2- abundance species of Cyanobacteria in the different seasons Highest diversity index Shannon species diversity in the summer of 1.253 and were measured the lowest of 0.562 species diversity in the fall (Table 2). It also variance analysis showed that there is no significant dispute between the indexes of Shannon in the different seasons (F = 0.521, P> 0.05). Table2. Comparison of the Shannon diversity index in stations studied Transect 4	Transect 3	Transect 2	Transect 1	Time D3	D2	D1	C3	C2	C1	B3	B2	B1	A3	A2	A1 0	0.687	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.687	1.085	Spring 0.673	0	0	0.636	0	0	0	0.636	0	0.683	1.078	1.253	Summer 0	0	0.683	0	0.693	0	0.673	0	0.562	0	0.673	1.011	Fall 0.693	0	0.683	0	0.636	0.956	0	1.036	0.661	0.636	0.900	1.079	Winter Figure 3 compares the Shannon diversity index in different seasons and stations At the station A1, A2, A3 highest species diversity in summer and lowest was observed in the fall, And in the station B1 minimum and maximum species diversity to the summer and winter respectively; In the station B2 minimum and maximum species diversity to the fall and winter, in the station B3 and C1 belonged to the species diversity was observed only in fall and winter (Figure 3). In the station C2 the minimum and maximum species diversity respectively to the summer and fall belonged. In the station D1 species diversity was Equal in the fall and summer, while the stations D2 and D3 were only species diversity was observed in the spring and winter. Discussion In this study, the three transects along the rivers entering the sea are located, In winter, the rivers of nutrients and organic matter along with toxins and pollutants became import to the Caspian Sea, that composition and abundance of cyanobacteria and the environment instability affect. In Caspian Sea waters, especially in southern of Caspian Sea, because of different physicochemical factors as different seasons, rivers, circulation, pollution and biological factors special observed changing in cell abundance and biomass and number of species of in different seasons (Kasimov, 1983). The phytoplankton abundance peak occurred in summer. That with increasing temperature in the summer cyanobacteria was observed maximum abundance. Species such as Anabaenopsis nadsonii, Anabaena sp and Gloeocapsa sp. were more abundant in the summer. Consequently, primary production in temperate regions such as the Southern Caspian Sea is highly seasonal, varying with both incident light at the water's surface (reduced in winter) and the degree of mixing (Salmanov, 1987 and Kasimov, et al; 1983). Cyanobacteria is an important group in the Southern Caspian Sea throughout the year in terms of cell abundance and many species of are photosynthetic, which lead to their initial categorization as plants. As a result, it was shown that the biomass and abundant decreased rapidly with decrease temperature in fall and winter (CEP, 2001; Salmano, 1987). It is worth mentioning that the single-celled species Merismopediab sp., Chroococcus sp. and Merismopedia tenuissima compared with spring and summer in fall season were more abundant. Also between multicellular species Nostoc sp., Oscillatoria limosa, Oscillatoria tenuis and Phormidium sp. in winter than to the spring and summer were more abundance. Change nutrients and temperature environment of constantly on changes and biomass distribution exists, Grazing pressure, ebb and flow, water gestures and season, light absorption of photosynthesis and cell division affect on natural population(Vandevelde et al. 1987, Legendre et al., 1988). Thus in this study was conducted over 13 array within species of the Caspian southern coasts in the coastal city of Noor was introduced with the most species diversity within species in the fall   with 8 array be reporting. REFERENCES 1-	Anagnostidis K., Komarek j. 1985 Modern approach to the classification system of cyanophytes. 1 Introduction. Arch Hydrobiol.supple.71 (3): 291-302. 2-	Bláha, L.; Pavel, B.; Blahoskav, M. Toxins produced in cyanobacterial water blooms—Toxicity and risks. Interdiscip. 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