User talk:Savela

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=Cité Soleil and its relationship=

=Contexte=

Cité Soleil (Sun City in English)is located in the West Department and in the district of Port-au-Prince. The population is over 300,000 inhabitants in an area of ​​21.81 km ². The area is located at the western end of the runway at the Toussaint Louverture International Airport and adjacent to the land of the sugar refinery complex HASCO, close to the industrial area. It is the largest slum of the Capital; the majority of its inhabitants live in extreme poverty. Cité Soleil was founded in the 1960s by President Francois Duvalier and was originally the name of Simone City, referring to his wife Simone Ovide. This city was originally designed for workers in the refinery HASCO. Construction began in 1958 with homes for 52 families. In the summer of 1966, a mysterious fire broke out in the slum of La Saline, many residents of this area have come to stay in Cite Soleil, and 1197 houses were built. In 1983 the census recorded 82,191 people in Cité Soleil. The refinery was damaged following the 1991 coup that overthrew President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, leading a boycott of Haitian products that have closed the zone.

Early in the mandate of President Jean Bertrand Aristide (1990), seeking to concentrate political power in his sole discretion has used this city. To this effect he distributed weapons to youth groups, Aristide also gave groups the means to commit crimes and dominate neighborhoods. With his sudden departure from Haiti in 2004, he left the country into chaos. Gangs quickly took control of parts of Port-au-Prince especially in Cite Soleil. Armed gangs went through the streets and terrorized the neighborhood, killed hundreds of police, destroyed the only police station in Cite Soleil, and declared the area under their control (hence the name red zone / lawlessness). Meanwhile gangs of Cite Soleil were operating outside of the City by the robbery, kidnapping, extortion, and other activities while using Cite Soleil as a secure base. Until now although gangs are no longer active, murder, rape, kidnapping, looting and shooting are still existing in the area. Most people of Cite Soleil are children or young adults. Although life expectancy in Haiti is 62 years, few people in this community live beyond 50 years; many die from diseases like AIDS, or violence.

=The problems of Cité Soleil=

The high density of population of this slum does not facilitate the task of NGOs and state institutions in this area. Cite Soleil is facing extreme poverty and persistent unemployment, with high illiteracy rates. We can distinguish three main problems in Cité Soleil: sanitary problem, economic and educational.

The sanitary problem

Located in the north of Port-au-Prince near the coast, Cité Soleil is crossed by three (3) main canals that flow into the sea due to blockage of these canals by waste, especially plastic materials. 60% does not have a latrine, thus residents defecate in plastic bags and throw them into the canal, which increases the bacteria, then the children playing near the canal are exposed, this causes an increase case of typhoid, malaria, diarrhea and other related pathologies. The majority of children are often sick with flu, fever and diarrhea. It should be noted the seriousness of the situation especially during the hurricane season.

The economic problem

95% of the population of Cité Soleil lives below the poverty line and 70% is in absolute poverty, which makes this community the poorest of the city. The unemployment rate reaches more than 75% of the working population. It touches very closely the reality of poverty in Haiti is not only monetary, but also refers to a range of standards and indicators constitute significant elements of all basic necessities and that are essential to the welfare of Haitians. It is seldom that a family comes to eat his fill.

Seen the low economic resources of these people, half the houses of Cité Soleil are made of cement with a metal roof, half of which are made entirely of materials trapped, which increases the risk of damage and deaths during earthquakes.

Prostitution is also an important component of the low quality of life in this community. Indeed, it has become a major concern and is a factor highly related to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in adolescent pregnancy, mortality and maternal morbidity. In addition, the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in urban areas is important, 50% of women in Cité Soleil were achieved at least one STD, and 8.4% are carriers of HIV.

The educational problem The disproportion between the number of existing schools and the children old to schooling consist a major problem the Haitian educational system faces. Being a slum, Cité Soleil suffers some more from the lack of educational services. Only 8 of the 13 schools in the city work and try to meet the needs of all the population. These facilities whose construction is not appropriate to their function is extremely underequipped, they lack the basics. Such as: water, electricity, playground or sports field. The physical structure of schools in Cité Soleil is not suited to the learning and do not encourage either the regularity of the school attendance. Some districts have no educational infrastructure in the surrounding area and many children who live there do not go to school. The sad part is that even if HASCO or other industries moving into the area, cause of the educational lack very few people will have executive positions.

=Relationship of Cite Soleil and Outsiders= Following all this Cité Soleil has become a red zone, a small group of bandits who call themselves leaders, political activists maintain that population hostage. When the bandits decide to block a street or a neighborhood of this area, even the police are unable to restore peace. They have big weapons, weapons that even the police do not have. These weapons were given to them by politicians and powerful men of the country in order to do dirty work for them, such as spoiling an election, causing panic among various economic interest groups.

During the riots, the gangs and the Cite Soleil citizens plundered, destroyed and burned all the business that were in the area, that was their workplaces and their sources of income, and the majority of these belonged to the private sector business. According to all that has been Cité Soleil, no one would dare implement a business in Cite Soleil, because it would be a huge risk; risk of losing everything at any time, where the businessman still owe so much of the gang leader to ensure his safety and that of business, he would get no benefit. And even at this stage safety is not guaranteed, because the gang leaders are rapidly disappearing to make way for a new head chief (new laws and new price).

Because of past Cité Soleil, the relationship between the outsiders and insiders to is very poor. It’s difficult that a resident of Cite Soleil coming to work in an institution that is not near the Cité Soleil, and near, there is very little work always for the same reasons. However, the private sector controls a significant portion of the country’s resources, and monopolizes the most economic sectors in the country. So without the participation of the private sector in the town of Cité Soleil, this people will continue to face extreme poverty and persistent unemployment, with high illiteracy rates. Currently, about 300,000 fewer than 200 people who live in Cite Soleil.

=Conclusion= Cite Soleil represents 5% of the population of Haiti and 14% of the population of Port-au-Prince, so if it stays in misery, is will prevent the country from moving forward. It has to point out that Cite Soleil is a piece of much of the country which every Haitian is a legal citizen, so together we have the same rights and duties, then it is high time that we help to save the community of Cité Soleil, because it is for Haiti, which represents Chicago for the U.S. And the best in all of this is that Cite Soleil's citizens want to change their situation and even sudden change the image of this community.

=References= http://citizenhaiti.com/2011/07/saison-cyclonique-cite-soleil-alerte-sanitaire-en-continue.html http://www.unops.org/francais/whatwedo/successstories/Pages/CanalcleaninginCit.aspx