User talk:Sesnon

April 2007
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Possible Causes of The Palestine-Israel Conflict
Information Compiled By: Tyler Clay Sesnon, 2007

Note, none of the reasons listed should be in any way belived to be the definitive causes of The Palestine-Israel Conflict, only possible causes based upon the facts.

The Palestine-Israel conflict is one of the longest running conflicts in history, with its roots steaming back to around the don of the Bible that promised the Jews a holy land in Jerusalem. The conflict was first sparked by Zionist migrations to the “British-Mandate Palestine” and the “intrusion” of Arab space. Eventually the Arabs had enough and started riots and the whole thing went downhill from there. From the mindset of the British, Jews, and the Arabs, the biggest deciding factor that may have led to the Palestine-Israel conflict was the failure of the British Mandate.

The Jewish Resistance
One possible cause of the Palestine-Israel Conflict as seen by the Jews, Arabs, and British, may have been the “Jewish Resistance.” The Jewish Resistance was started when Jews began underground operations to combat the uncooperative British forces occupying Palestine. When the British openly sided with the Arabs, the Jews fought back. The British caused the Jews to start fighting, which ultimately led to more fighting with the Arabs. In 1946 the Jewish underground group called Irgun blew up a wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem that was being used as a British headquarters. Ninety-one died, fifteen of which were Jews, and forty-five were injured in the blast.1  The Irgun also staged a daring breakout of the “Acco” or Acre prison where the British had been holding many other resistance active Jews, the group had also preformed other such acts, like hanging two British army officers for hanging the Irgun members. A senior British officer summed up the disgrace the resistance had caused the British: "The British Army suffered greater losses in traffic accidents than in all the [Jewish] underground operations put together. But the blows to the Empire's pride and prestige were something, which could not be digested. The break-in at the Acre Prison and hanging of the two sergeants were blows to our pride. The break-in at the prison gained the symbolic significance of the fall of the Bastille."2 Had the British worked with the Jews, they could have prevented so much hate. The resistance showed Jewish hatred towards the British, but when the Zionists first started immigrating to Palestine to come to the holy land the British were just asking for fighting to break out.

A Jewish Palestine
Another possible, and more important cause of the conflict as seen by the Jews, Arabs, and British could have been the Jewish want of land in Palestine. The effect was economic on both sides as the Jews bought land and the Arabs lost it. Moshe Dayan once said, “Before their eyes we turn into our homestead the land and villages in which they and their forefathers have lived.”3  This aggravated the Arabs who didn’t like the Jewish population encroaching in on them as well as buying land that they had lived on for generations. The British recommended a partition of the “British-Mandate Palestine” that gave land on both sides of the Jordan river to the Jews that they could henceforth create and call their very own holy land on. A document written by Earl Arthur Balfour, British foreign secretary in 1917, called the Balfour Declaration was created that stated British support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Part of his letter wrote, “His Majesty's government looks with favor upon the establishment in Palestine of a national homeland for the Jewish people."4  The British, although they had the power to create the country of Israel, never got around to doing it.  When the British didn’t provide, the Jews had to fight for their holy land: “We are a generation of settlers, and without the steel helmet and gun barrel, we shall not be able to plant a tree or build a house. . . . Let us not be afraid to see the hatred that accompanies and consumes the lives of hundreds of thousands of Arabs who sit all around us and wait for the moment when their hands will be able to reach our blood,” Moshe Dayan.5  The Jews really are a new “breed” of settlers, who fight for the land for the promise land the bible spoke of.  The Arabs, however weren’t about to let the Jews stay without a fight.

August 1929 Arab Riots And The 1936-1939 Arab Revolt
The third most important conflict as agreed upon by the Arabs, Jews, and the British, may have been the combined events of the August 1929, Arab Riots and the 1936-1939 Arab Revolt. This was a direct result of the British first not partitioning Palestine, then failing to control the Jewish immigration. In August 1929, the Arabs made clear to the British that they would no longer wait for the creation of the Jewish state. "The riots of August, 1929, were ignited in Jerusalem over a rumor spread by Arab leaders that Jews were going to destroy Al-Aqsa Mosque, Islam's third most holy shrine.”6  Fighting soon spread throughout Palestine like a wildfire in the dead heat of summer.  When order was finally restored, 133 Jews had been killed, and 399 wounded.  The worst massacre was in Hebron, sacred to both Jews and Muslims, where sixty-seven Orthodox Jews, men, women and children, were slaughtered by Arabs and fifty more wounded.7   The Arabs finally had had enough waiting; they were fed up with the British’s lack of urgency.  This was the first major strike from the Arabs against the Jews.  Then in April 1936 a general strike was started to put an end to Jewish immigration into Palestine, but within a month, after the British had done nothing, it had escalated into an “armed Insurrection.”  Arabs began attacks on the TAP oil pipeline, railroads (including trains), Jewish settlements, secluded Jewish neighbourhoods in the mixed cities, and Jews, individually and in groups. The Arabs didn’t like the fact that the Jewish population had been growing expenentualy in Palestine over the past few years, a direct result of anti-Semitism increasing world wide. During 1936 alone, about 35,000 Jewish immiagrants crossed the boarder into Palestine.8 The fighting ended in March 1939 after 20,000 british renforcements and a few thousand Jewish troops were called in to stop the violence. More than 5,000 Arabs, 400 Jews, and 200 Brits were killed in the violent three-year revolt.9 This marked the beginning of the end for peace in Palestine, as well as British control over Palestine.

The British Failure
Of the three causes before, the failure of the British Mandate of Palestine, may be the cause that the Arabs, Jews, and Brits can all agree without a doubt upon. The British failed to meet the demands of both parties. The Arab Riots and Revolt were started when the Arabs felt overrun by the number of Jews in their cities. The British failed to negotiate with, the Arabs, and control the Jewish immigration and violence ensued. If the British had settled the small disputes, the conflict may never have started. The British also failed to separate the two groups in the partition, that could have stopped the whole thing in the first place. The Jewish resistance as seen in paragraph two, was started when the British sided with the Arabs. In a sense the British, as the controlling power, should have remained neutral, so they could defuse the problem instead of fueling it.

The Stakeholders
The first stakeholder is the British who never really seemed to be in control of the battles that were happening in Palestine. During the Jewish Resistance, the British never talked with the Jews. Before the Jews blew up the King David Hotel they warned the British about the impending attack, but in a show of arrogance and pride a British officer, who refused to leave stated, “We don’t take orders from Jews.”10  This just comes to show that anti-Semitism had infected into the ranks of the people who had first come up with the idea of partitioning Palestine in the first place. The British didn’t control the Jewish immigration, as the Arabs had demanded before the revolt in 1936-39. If the British had partitioned or just sat down with the Arabs and tried to solve the problem, they could have destroyed any firm grounds that the conflict had been building upon. The mistake the British made was promising things that they, could have, but never fulfilled. They outraged the Jews when they didn’t get their promise land, and displeased Arabs when their cities became “overpopulated” and their land was being bought out. The British wet the bed, and didn’t change the sheets; they definitely caused the Palestine-Israel conflict in the Middle East.

The second stakeholder is the Jews, who were promised a holy land, but as of today, they are still fighting for it. Moshe Dayan once said, “Arabs cross to collect the grain that they left in the abandoned villages and we set mines for them and they go back without and arm or leg.”11  Without the British helping them, the Jews were on their own; forced to fight for the land that they had immigrated to Palestine for. The Jewish Resistance, for example, was started because the British, for one, never followed through on any one of their promises, and because the Brits had blatantly sided with the Arabs. This deeply frustrated the Jews, because the British had first suggested that the Jewish homeland be in Palestine, causing mass Zionist migration. Mainly due to anti-Semitism spreading around the world and the rise of Hitler speeding the process, Jewish immigrants began flooding in especially during and post WWII. When the British failed to partition Palestine, the immigrant had no choice but to move into cities occupied by Arabs. The intermingling of the two widely different religions began to spiral out of control and began the fighting that to this day has not ended. Had the British partitioned Palestine as recommended in the Balfour Declaration, the conflict never would have begun and the Jews and Arabs never would have even seen each other.

The third stakeholder is of course the Arabs. It’s easy to say that the Arabs drew first blood from the already festering wound that had grown to the breaking point. To the Arabs however, it was in-fact the Jews who first drew blood, in a figurative way, when they started immigrating and occupying the Arab cities. Yasser Arafat, former head of the PLO once summed it up, speaking for all Arabs both past and present, “This is my homeland; no one can kick me out.”12  The Arabs weren’t about to just give up their homeland so another group of people could have one. The Arabs became mad when the Jews began buying off their land after the partition failed. The Jews also began moving into the mostly Arab cities. This caused the tension to rise even higher as the Jews began to grow out of being a minority. “We plan to eliminate the state of Israel and establish a purely Palestinian state. We will make life unbearable for Jews by psychological warfare and population explosion. . . . We Palestinians will take over everything, including all of Jeruseslum,”13  said Yasser Arafat. The British showed more support towards the Arabs, and with this sense of power were more likely to fight back at the Jews. That was exactly what happened, and the conflict still rages on today.

Summary
From the Jewish resistance to the Jewish want of a holy land, to the Arab riots and strikes, the failure of the British mandate as seen by the British, Jews and Arabs may have been the most important cause of the Palestine-Israel conflict. The first three causes all related to the final cause because the lack of British support helped to cause them. The failure of the British mandate may have been the biggest cause because it was a direct result of the other three.

Endnotes
1	Ken Spiro,“The British Mandate - Crash Course in Jewish History Part 64.” Feb. 2002. Aish HaTorah. 27 Feb. 2007 

2Spiro, “Crash course”

3 “Moshe Dayan quotes.” Feb. 2007. Wikimedia. 6 March. 2007. 

4Spiro, “Crash course”

5“Moshe Dayan quotes”

6Spiro, “Crash course”

7Spiro, “Crash course”

8“1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine” Feb. 2007. wikimedia. 27 Feb. 2007. 

9“1936-1939 Arab revolt”

10Spiro, “Crash course”

11“Moshe Dayan quotes”

12“Yasser Arafat quotes.” Feb. 2007. Wikimeadia. 6 March. 2007. 

13“Yasser Arafat quotes.”

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