User talk:Shyju chacko

Early management approaches
Harbison and Myers contributed a classic threefold concept for emphasizing a broader scope for the viewpoint of management. They observe management as 3. A Class or Elite(Status) System	:	As viewed by a Sociologist, management is a class and status system. The increase in the complexity of relationships in modern society demands that mangers become an elite of brains and education. Entrance into this class is based more and more on education and knowledge instead of on family or political connections. Some students view this development as a “managerial revolution” in which the career managerial class obtains increasing amounts of power and threatens to become an autonomous class. Some observers view this development with alarm. Other point out that as the power of mangers increases, their numbers expand, so that there is little need to worry about this tendency toward a managerial autocracy. A broad view of management requires that the student consider this larger perspective of the place of management in society. 4. A Psychologist would emphasize the needs of the human being and adjustment to organizational pressures. 5. The Theologian would concentrate on the spiritual implications of managerial actions. 6. A Politician would look to what is feasible(possible and practicable) and acceptable. 7. An Industrial Manager would argue that the technological viewpoint is of prime importance. 8. A Liberal point of view is on freedom to choose from the widest range of possibilities by discovering new possibilities, and by recalling possibilities previously developed but forgotten. The liberally oriented executive continues to expand his horizons with utmost freedom in an effort to strive toward an ultimate in life. Because management must be broad perspective, unfettered by specialized restrictions.
 * 1) 1. An Economic Resource	:	As viewed by the Economist, Management is one of the factors of production together with land, labour and capital.  As the industrialization of a nation increases, the need for management becomes greater as it is substituted for capital and labour.  The managerial resources of a firm determines, in large measure, its productivity and profitability.
 * 1) 2. A System of Authority	:	As viewed by a specialist in administration and organization, management is a system of authority.  Historically, management first developed an authoritarian philsophy with a small number of top individuals determining all actions of the rank and file.  Later humanitarian concepts causes some managements to develop paternalistic approaches.  Still later, constitutional management emerged, charaterized by a concern for definite and consistent policies and procedures for dealing with the working group.  As more employees received higher education, the trend of management was toward a democratic and participative approach.  Modern management can be viewed as a synthesis of these four approaches to authority.