User talk:Sineke80

Involvement of the cytoskeleton in viral replication

In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells the cytoskeleton has the function of supporting organelles in the cytosol, allows movement of the cell and maintains the cells shape. The cytoskeleton is made up of actin microfilament, intermediate microfilament and microtubules. A virus depends on cell surface receptors and the cytoskeletal proteins (Eash, Atwood 2005) to enter its host cell. It relies on the host cell cytoskeleton for some of the following benefits such as support, movement, (Zeile et al. 1998) replication, (Moyer, Baker & Lessard 1986) assembly, maturation and budding off (Takimoto et al. 2001). It is thought that for the viral genome to reach the perinucleus, the movement is facilitated by microtubules. A drug known as nacodazole disrupts microtubules and consequently prevents replication of some virus genomes in the nucleus. The junin virus, a member of the arenaviridae, depends on actin for multiplication and maturation of the virions and drugs used in local anaesthetics impair infection in vitro. The early phase of the herpes virus, BKV and SV40 virus relies on actin and microfilaments. Varicella zoster virus uses actin, α-tubulin and lamin-A for successful replication. Plant viruses use movement proteins inserted across the plasmodesmata to infect other cells.

REFERENCES

Eash, S. & Atwood, W.J. 2005, "Involvement of Cytoskeletal Components in BK Virus Infectious Entry", The Journal of Virology, vol. 79, no. 18, pp. 11734-11741. Moyer, S.A., Baker, S.C. & Lessard, J.L. 1986, "Tubulin: A Factor Necessary for the Synthesis of Both Sendai Virus and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus RNAs", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 83, no. 15, pp. 5405-5409. Takimoto, T., Murti, K.G., Bousse, T., Scroggs, R.A. & Portner, A. 2001, "Role of Matrix and Fusion Proteins in Budding of Sendai Virus", The Journal of Virology, vol. 75, no. 23, pp. 11384-11391. Zeile, W.L., Condit, R.C., Lewis, J.I., Purich, D.L. & Southwick, F.S. 1998, "Vaccinia locomotion in host cells: Evidence for the universal involvement of