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He carefully mapped every black residence, church, and business in the city’s Seventh Ward, recording occupational and family structure. DuBois’s Philadelphia research was pivotal in his reformulation of the concept of race. [1]
 * (under the Abstract section, after the first sentence of the second paragraph)

The sample size for Du Bois's study was limited in that it was a neighborhood study of the central Seventh Ward, which encompassed from Spruce to South Street and from Seventh Street to the Schuylkill River. However, within in this neighborhood, there was an incredible diversity. Its western fringe was occupied by affluent whites lived, its center with one of the nation’s densest concentrations of black elites, and its eastern front with numerous poor from both races. The eastern side was also notorious for the city’s black ghetto.
 * (under the section, "Survey Conduct")

Du Bois and his wife [....] living in impoverished quarters on Saint Mary Street, from 1896 to 1897. With his only appointed assistant, Isabel Eaton, Du Bois employed "archival research, descriptive statistics, and questionnaires". These surveys entailed questions about occupations, health, education, and religious, social, and family life. From conducting a door-to-door examination of the ward, Du Bois and Eaton were able to collect over 5,000 personal interviews [2].

Findings of the Study
The findings of Philadelphia research revealed a community of diversity and advancement; yet it simultaneously reaffirmed the reality of poverty, crime, and illiteracy. Addressing this contradiction, Du Bois explained that black members of the community possessed their own internal class structure, and therefore should not be judged solely by “submerged tenth”. Likewise, “Negro problem" was ostensibly “not one problem, but rather a plexus of social problems,” and had little correlation to the black “social pathology” than to whites’ enforcement of racial discrimination and a provision of unequal opportunity. [2]

Du Bois emphasized socio-economic and historical causes of the "Negro problem", notably the exclusion of blacks from the city’s premier industrial jobs, prevalence of black single-family homes, and the continued legacy of slavery and unequal race relations.[2] Such biased provision was evident in housing. Du Bois found that African Americans had to pay “abnormally high rents for the poorest accommodations, and race-prejudice accentuates this difficulty, out of which many evils grow.” [3]

References Used: [1] https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=50o5DUMo6fcC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=philadelphia+negro&ots=H0v2AgCkUe&sig=od4lCRFamzleoNJetJE6crbhioA#v=onepage&q&f=true

[2] http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/philadelphia-negro-the/

[3] https://penncurrent.upenn.edu/node/2467