User talk:Skosem

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Invitation to Join WikiProject Crime
Would you like to upgrade from an honorary member to a full member of the WikiProject Criminal Biography? Your work on the Mafia was greatly appreciated I think you would be a great asset to our project. Jmm6f488 07:41, 11 July 2007 (UTC)


 * cool you have been added.

place this User CB on your user page to produce this:



Jmm6f488 21:59, 11 August 2007 (UTC)

Dante Rivera (born August 12, 1974 in New York City, New York) is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter 7, winning his entry and preliminary matches, by defeating John Wood and Brandon Sene respectivley, and losing to The Ultimate Fighter 7 contestant, Jesse Taylor. Rivera was picked by The original TUF winner, Forrest Griffin.

Mixed Martial Arts
Rivera found MMA durin the halftime of a basketball game as he stumbled across

Dante Rivera (born (1975)in New York City, New York) is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter 7, winning his entry and preliminary matches, by defeating John Clarke and Patrick Schultz respectivley, and losing to The Ultimate Fighter 7 finalist, C.B. Dollaway. Yarbrough was picked by former Ultimate fighter, Forrest Griffin.

Speedy deletion nomination of Party of Twelve
A tag has been placed on Party of Twelve requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for musical topics.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Porturology (talk) 04:40, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

Problems with upload of File:Party of Twelve.jpg
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hapter 9: The HydrosphereSaturday, February 05, 2011 2:59 PM

- The Hydrologic Cycle ○ More than 99% of water is stored away, glaciers represent 3/4ths of all freshwater on earth. ○ Hydrologic cycle: a series of storage areas interconnected by various transfer processes, in which there is a ceaseless interchange of moisture in terms of its geographical location and its physical state. ○ Surface-to-Air Water Movement § Enters the air through evaporation, and estimated 86% of all evaporated moisture is derived from ocean surfaces (The remaining 14% that comes from land surfaces includes the twin processes of evaporation and transpiration) ○ Air-to-Surface Water Movement § 78% of precipitation falls into oceans and 22% falls onto the land. § Advection: horizontal transfer of heat, such as through the movement of wind across earth's surface § Except for coastal spray and storm waves, the only route by which moisture moves from sea to land is via the atmosphere. ○ Movement On and Beneath Earth's Surface § Runoff: flow of water from land to ocean by overland flow, stream flow, and groundwater flow. § It is this runoff that balances the excess of precipitation over evaporation taking place on the continents and that keeps the oceans from drying up and the land from flooding. ○ Residence Time § The cycle is in almost continuous motion. The atmosphere contains only a few days' potential precipitation. - The Oceans ○ How Many Oceans? § 360 million square kilometers, and contains 1.32 billion cubic kilometers. § The Pacific ocean (called peaceful and calm) is twice as large as any other body of water on earth. It contains the greatest average depth of any ocean as well as the deepest known oceanic trenches. Surrounding the ocean is the ring of fire, where there are thousands of volcanoes. Huge waves and typhoons come from here. § The Atlantic ocean (of the atlas mountains) is less than half the size of the Pacific ocean. § The Indian ocean (of india, of the indus river) is smaller than the Atlantic and nine-tenths of its area is south of the equator. § The Artic ocean (of the bear) is shallower and smaller than the others and is mostly covered with ice. Least salty because it is so cold, less evaporation happens there. ○ Characteristics Of Ocean Waters § Chemical Composition □ Most important chemicals in the ocean are sodium and chlorine which form "table salt." salts are the substances that result when a base neutralizes an acid. □ Salinity: a measure of the concentration of dissolved salts. □ The average salinity of seawater is about 3.5% of total mass. □ Salinity is low in equatorial regions because of heavy rainfall, cloudiness, and humidity, all of which inhibit evaporation, and also because of considerable river discharge. Salinity rises to a general minimum in the subtropics, where precipitation is low and evaporation extensive, and decreases to a general minimum in the polar regions, where evaporation is minimal and there is considerable inflow of freshwater from rivers and ice caps. § Increasing Acidity □ The ocean absorbs about 1/3 of excess carbon dioxide, and produces carbonic acid which is making the oceans more acidic. 8.1 alkaline ocean but its growing more acidic. It may affect the growth of organisms in the ocean. § Temperature □ The western sides of oceans are nearly always warmer then the eastern margins because of the movement of major ocean currents. This is due to the contrasting effects of pole ward-moving warm currents on the west side of ocean basins and equator ward-moving cool currents on the east side of ocean basins. § Density □ Seawater density varies with temperature, degree of salinity, and depth. □ High temperature produces low density, and high salinity produces high density. Deep water has high density because of low temperature and because of the pressure of the overlying water. - Movement of Ocean Waters ○ Tides § Tides: the rise and fall of the coastal water levels caused by the alternate increasing and decreasing gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on varying parts of Earth's surface. § Causes of Tides □ Attractive forces between the earth and the moon, and the sun and the earth. These attractions cause tides. The lunar tides are twice as strong as the solar tides. □ The tides rise and fall twice in the interval between two "rising" Moons, an interval that is about 50 minutes longer than a 24-hour day. Every 25 hours, there are two high tides and two low tides. □ Flood tide: the movement of ocean water toward the coast in a tidal cycle - from the ocean's lowest surface level the water rises gradually for about 6 hours and 13 minutes. □ Ebb tide: a periodic falling of sea level during a tidal cycle. § Monthly Tidal Cycle □ Tidal range: the vertical difference in elevation between high and low tide. □ Spring tides: a time of maximum tide that occurs as a result of the alignment of Sun, Moon, and Earth. □ Neap tides: the lower-than-normal tidal variations that occur twice a month as the result of the alignment of the Sun and Moon at a right angle to one another. □ Tidal Bore: a wall of seawater several centimeters to several meters in height that rushes up a river as the result of enormous tidal inflow § Global Variations in Tidal Range □ The amplitude can be greatly influenced by the shape of the coastline and the configuration of the sea bottom beneath coastal waters. □ Tides are important only in the world ocean, and they are normally noticeable only around its shorelines. ○ Currents § Surface currents are caused by wind flow, while other currents are set in motion by contrasts in temperature and salinity. § The most prominent currents are the major horizontal flows that make up the general circulation of the various oceans. § Deep Ocean Circulation □ Thermohaline circulation: slow circulation of deep ocean water because of difference in water density that arise from differences in salinity and temperature. □ Global conveyor-belt circulation: slowly moving circulation of deep ocean water that forms a continuous loop from the North Atlantic to the Antarctic, into the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and back into the North Atlantic. ○ Waves - Permanent Ice - The Cryosphere ○ Ice Pack: an extensive and cohesive mass of floating ice ○ Ice shelf: a massive portion of a continental ice sheet that projects out over the sea ○ Ice floe: a large, flattish mass of ice that breaks off from larger ice bodies and floats independently ○ Iceberg: a chunk of floating ice that breaks off from an ice shelf or glacier. ○ Permafrost § Permafrost: permanent ground ice or permanently frozen subsoil. - Surface Waters ○ Lakes § Lakes: a body of water surrounded by land § 90% of the nonfrozen surface water of the continents is contained in lakes § Most small salt lakes and some large ones are ephemeral, they contain water only sporadically and are dry much of the times because they are in dry regions. § Two conditions are necessary for the formation and continued existence of a lake □ Some sort of natural basin having a restricted outlet □ Sufficient inflow of water to keep the basin at partly filled § If there is no natural drainage outlet, either as a surface stream or as a sustained subsurface flow the lake will become saline. § Only temporary features of the landscape ○ Human Alteration of Natural Lakes ○ Reservoirs § Artificial lakes, made by constructing dams § Constructed to control floods, ensure a stable agricultural or municipal water supply, and for hydroelectric power. § Loss of land, downstream ecosystems may be altered due to lesser stream flow, and sedimentation may restrict the reservoir. ○ Swamps and Marshes § Swamp: a flattish surface area that is submerged in water at least part of the time but is shallow enough to permit the growth of water-tolerant plants, primarily trees. § Marsh: flattish surface area that is submerged in water at least part of the time but is shallow enough to permit the growth of water-tolerant plants, primarily grasses and sedges. ○ Rivers and Streams § A drainage basin is all the land area drained by a river and its tributaries § Streams provide the means by which the land surface drains and by which water, sediment, and dissolved chemicals are moved seaward. - Underground Water ○ More than half of the earth's underground water is found within a half mile of earth's surface. ○ Porosity: the amount of pore space between the soil particles and between the peds, which is a measure of the capacity of the soil to hold water and air. ○ Permeability: a soil or rock characteristic in which there are interconnected pore spaces through which water can move. ○ Interstices: openings ○ Aquifers: a permeable subsurface rock layer that can store, transmit, and supply water. ○ Aquicludes: an impermeable rock layer that is so dense as to exclude water. ○ Zone of Aeration § Zone of Aeration: (vadose zone) the topmost hydrologic zone within the ground, which contains a fluctuating amount of moisture (soil water) in the pore spaces of the soil (or soil and rock) ○ Zone of Saturation § Zone of Saturation: (phreatic zone) the second hydrologic zone below the surface of the ground, whose uppermost boundary is the water table. The pore spaces and cracks in the bedrock and the regolith of this zone are fully saturated. § Groundwater: water found underground in the zone of saturation. § Water Table: the top of the saturated zone within the ground. § Cone of Depression: the phenomenon whereby the water table has sunk into the approximate shape of an inverted cone in the immediate vicinity of a well as the result of the removal of a considerable amount of groundwater. § Sometimes a localized zone of saturation develops above an aquiclude, and this configuration forms a perched water table. § Gravity supplies much of the energy for groundwater percolation, leading it from areas where the water table is high toward areas where it is lower, toward surface streams or lakes. ○ Zone of Confined Water § Zone of Confined Water: the hydrologic zone below the surface of the ground, which contains one or more permeable rock layers (aquifers) into which water can infiltrate and is separated from the zone of saturation by impermeable layers. § Piezometric Surface: the elevation to which groundwater will rise under natural confining pressure in a well. § Artesian Well: the free flow that results when a well is drilled from the srface down into the aquifer and the confining pressure is sufficient to force the water to the surface without artificial pumping. § If the confining pressure is sufficient to push the water only partway to the surface and it must be pumped the rest of the way, the well is subartesian. ○ Waterless Zone § At some depths there is no water because the overlying pressure increases the density of the rock and so there are no pores. ○ Groundwater Mining § Groundwater represent s valuable sources of water that can supplement surface water resources. § Referred to as "fossil water" because it is being used faster than it can be replenished. ○ The Ogallala Aquifer § In the mid-west of the US, tapped in the 1930s. The water amounts have soared reducing this aquifer. § Farmers have been shifting to crops that require less water, whiles others conserve water and energy through other measures. - CLASS NOTES - Of all the water on earth, 97.2% is oceans 2.8% other > broken down .62% groundwater and 2.15% glaciers. - 80-100 gallons per person, per day. - Evaporation from the land and ocean. Transpiration from plants on land also occurs. Oceans receives more precipitation than the land does and land has runoff water that ends in the ocean. The cycle tends to start and end in the ocean. 1953- Reached the top of mount Everest 1960- Make it to the deepest part of the ocean Marianas trench 1969- Man on the moon - The northwest passage and the northern sea route are more open now than they have been for centuries because of melting. - Tides are caused by gravity, three celestial bodies are important the earth the moon and the sun. we are being drawn to the moon and to sun. tidal bulge a high tide that is closest to the moon, but there is also another bulge on the opposite side of the earth. The gravity of the moon pulls the water towards itself, but on the otherside there is much less gravitational force. Because the earth is being pulled in one direction the water piles up on the other side of the earth (like in an egg). - Spring tides. When the moon and the sun are pulling in the same direction and along the same line, the gravity is stronger and causes a high tide. At right angles to each other, neap tides occur. The moons gravity wins in a neap tide, but it is moderated by the sun. - Don’t study waves, permafrost, lakes and rivers.

Percolation: water bubbles down through the earth. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.23.116.198 (talk) 03:55, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Charles Ubriaco for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Charles Ubriaco is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Charles Ubriaco until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. --Vic49 (talk)  20:45, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Johnny Ola for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Johnny Ola is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Johnny Ola until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. TTN (talk) 20:21, 26 October 2016 (UTC)

Nomination of Cale Yarbrough for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Cale Yarbrough is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Cale Yarbrough until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  ♡RAFAEL♡(talk) 14:49, 27 March 2022 (UTC)