User talk:Sreekara.joshi13

TELECOM - Inter Connect Billing Settlement
'''•	Introduction •	Evolution of Interconnect •	Interconnect terminology •	Methods of settlements •	Interconnect call scenarios •	Components of an Interconnect system •	CAC Implementation •	Discussions'''

Definition – 1: “International Telecommunications Union (ITU) defines Interconnection as “the set of legal rules, technical and operational arrangements between netw ork operators that enable customers connected to one network to communicate with customers of other network” Definition – 2: “The connection of networks between different operators to allow the subscribers of one service provider to communicate with subscribers of other service providers”

•	Inter-connect represents :

–	The single largest direct operating cost

–	The second largest source of revenue

•	Receive invoices from other operators •	Verify invoices received from other operators •	Raise invoices to other operators •	Reconciliation & settlements •	Control costs •	Meet audit and regulatory requirements •	Where an Operator is unable to identify and invoice interconnect traffic, the Interconnect partner may provide the traffic information for settlement. •	Points of Interconnect •	Access •	Services •	Technical arrangements •	Prices •	Charging arrangements •	Quality of service •	Contractual obligations •	Settlement variation •	Out-of-date rates •	Numbering errors •	Day elements •	Duplicate/missing CDRs •	CDRs in suspense •	Bugs in CDRs generation process in the switch •	Delay in noting the incremental meter count at the junctions, not coinciding with the cut off dates

•	Trunk Group –	The connection between Owner’s switch and the Operator’s switch •	Point of Interconnect –	The point where a call enters or leaves the network for billing purposes

•	Tariff –	A group of calls for billing purposes e.g. local, cellular, pager, national, emergency services, USA etc… •	Prefix/Destination –	Part of the terminating (or originating) phone number used to identify the destination or origination and the Operator –	Prefixes can be: •	Geographic e.g. local •	Non-Geographic e.g. mobiles