User talk:Stembele Johnson

Charlotte (néeManye) Maxeke
Charlotte (néeManye) Maxeke, umzabalazi kunye nomnye woomama bokuqala bokuthweswa isidanga kwimfundo ephakamileyo.

Imbali yakhe
Uninzi lophando olwenziweyo lithi uCharlotte Maxeke wazalelwa eBhofolo, eMpuma Koloni, kodwa ke, lukhona olunye uphando oluthi wazalelwa kummandla wasePolokwane, yiyo lonto negama lakhe lozalwa, uCharlotte Makgomo Mannya lingesiSuthu okanye isiPedi. Le nto ivumelana nokuzalelwa kwakhe kummandla weRamakgopa kwaye uphando luyangqina ukuba usapho lwakhe lwake lwahlala ixeshana kummandla womlambo iDwaars phantsi kweNkosi uRamakgopa.

Kunokwenzeka ukuba indawo yokuzalelwa kukaMaxeka ibhidaniswa nendawo ewazalelwa kuyo umnyeni wakhe,owazelelwa eXesi (Middledrift )eMpumaKoloni (bobabini uCharlotte kunye nomnyeni wakhe bazalwa ngonyaka we1874). Uphando olwenziwe ngumbutho kakhongolose xabesenza imfundiso zikawonke-wonke kunye nomboniso wokunika imbeko luthi wazalelwa ePietersburg (ngoku ebizwa ukuba yiPolokwane).

Kunokwenzeka ukuba indawo yokuzalelwa kwakhe ibhidaniswa nendawo apho udadewakhe uKatie wazalelwa khona, wazalelwa eBhofolo ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesibhozo kweyeKhala, ngonyaka we-1873, njengoko kubhaliweyo ku ‘The calling of Katie Makanya’. Ukanti, njengokuba uCharlotte wayengumafungashwe, lento yenza ukuba kubekho imibuzo ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe. Kucacile ukuba kuphando olwahlukileyo olwenziweyo, uquka nolu lwencwadi olukhankanywe ngaphezulu, luthi uMaxeka uchithe ubutsha beminyaka yakhe eMpuma Koloni, kummandla waseBhayi. Nqu lento ebhala ngesiXhosa, lonto ingqinelana nalento.

Olu phando lukhethe ukuhambelana nophando olubeka uRamakgopa kummandla wasePolokwane njengendawo apho wazalelwa khona kuba ngelona lufanelekileyo. Ukanti, siyavuma ukuba uMaxeke waye wafudukela eMpuma Koloni esemncinci. UCharlotte Makgomo Mannya wazalelwa eRamakgopa kummandla wasePolokwane (ePietersburg) ngomhla wesixhenxe kwinyanga kaTshazimpunzi ngonyaka we-1874.

Imfundo yakhe
Waye wafumana imfundo yemishinari kwisikolo iEdwards Memorial, eMpuma Koloni ebutsheni bonyaka we-1880. Ngonyaka we-1885, emveni kokufunyanwa kwedayimani/ilitye elinqabileyo, uMaxeke wafudukela eKimberly kunye nosapho lwakhe. Ngexa eseKimberly, wabangutitshalakazi.Njengomntu owayezinikele ekuhambeni inkonzo, uMaxeke nodade wakhe, uKatie wazimanya nekwayari iAfrican Jubilee, ngo-1891, kwaye walikhenketha elaseNgilane iminyaka emibini, ngexesha lolukhenketho, uMaxeke wadlalela ikumkanikazi uVictoria, enxibe isinxibo sabakwaVictoria, iliso lithi odade babengonwabanga ukuphathwa njengabantu abatsha eLandani. Kwaye ngelixesha uMaxeke kuthwa wayezimase intetho yamalungelo okuvota, eyayisenziwa ngabafazi, ukutsho oko uEmmeline Pankhurst.

Ngethemba lokuqhubeka nemfundo, uMaxeke waya kukhenketho lwesibini lwaseMelika nekwayari yenkonzo ngonyaka we-1894 [abanye oonondaba balibeka olusuku njengosuku lwe-1896], luthe ukhenketho lakuphela, uMaxeke wahlala eMelika kwaye wafunda kwiYunivesithi iWilberforce eCleveland, Ohio, eyayilawulwa libandla iAfrican Methodist Episcopal Church (AMEC), eYunivesithi wayefundiswa phantsi kwePan-Africanist, W.E.B. Du Bois, kwaye efumana imfundo eyayijolisele ekumphuhliseni abeyimishinari yangomso yaseAfrika.

Wathweswa isidanga seB.Sc kwiYunivesithi iWilberforce, kulapho waye wadibana nomyeni wakhe, uMarshall Maxeke owaza eYunivesithi ngonyaka we-1896. Babethembisene ngomtshato ngexesha bebuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka we-1901, uMaxeke njengomnye wamagqiyazana okuqala antsundu ukuthweswa ngesidanga.

Imisebenzi yakhe
UMaxeke wayephembelelwa kakhulu yiAMEC ngoqhagamshelwano lwakhe nebandla iEthopian Church, iAMEC yabakho eMzantsi Afrika. Waye wabangumququzeli weWomen’s Mite Missionary Society eGoli. Emveni koko wayePolokwane, (nasePieterburg) kulapho adibene nosapho lwakhe kumlambo iDwaars, phantsi kwenkosi uRamakgopa, owamnika imali yokuqala isikolo, isikolo eso khange sibenakugqitywa, ngenxa yokusilela kwengxowa-mali/nkxaso-mali kaRhulumente, nokulamba koluntu.UMaxeke wayephembelelwa kakhulu yiAMEC ngoqhagamshelwano lwakhe nebandla iEthopian Church, iAMEC yabakho eMzantsi Afrika. Waye wabangumququzeli weWomen’s Mite Missionary Society eGoli. Emveni koko wayePolokwane, (nasePieterburg) kulapho adibene nosapho lwakhe kumlambo iDwaars, phantsi kwenkosi uRamakgopa, owamnika imali yokuqala isikolo, isikolo eso khange sibenakugqitywa, ngenxa yokusilela kwengxowa-mali/nkxaso-mali kaRhulumente, nokulamba koluntu.

Emveni koku uMaxeke nomyeni wakhe bamisa isikolo eEvaton, eWitwatersrand. AbakwaMaxeke baqhubeka befundisa kwaye bevangela kwezinye iindawo uquka nomhlaba wabaThembu eTranskei phantsi kweKumnkani uSabata Dalindyebo. Kulapho uMaxeke waba yingxenye yenkundla yakwakumkani. Ilungelo elilodwa elimangalisayo kwigqiyazana. Ekugqibeleni bahlala eGoli, apho baye bazibandakanya neentshukumo zepolitiko.

Bobabini, yena nomyeni wakhe baya kwilontshi yeSouth African Native Congress (SANNC) eBloemfontein ngonyaka we-1912, nangona umdla wakhe besemabandleni, uluntu nengxaki. UCharlotte wabhala ngesiXhosa ngezoluntu nezopolitiko kwizinto ezinamagqiyazana.

UCharlotte wabhala ngesiXhosa ngezoluntu nezopolitiko kwizinto ezinamagqiyazana. Njengomnye wabachasi bepasi kumagqiyazana. uMaxeke ebudaleni bakhe wayezimisele kwezopolitiko. Wanceda ukuququzelela intshukumo echasa ipasi eBloemfontein ngonyaka we-1913, kulapho wafumana iBantu Women’s League ye SANNC ngonyaka we-1918.

Njengenkokheli yomanyano, wakhokhela iqela labathunywa kwiPrime Minister Louis Botha uyokuxoxa ngomba wepasi kumagqiyazane. Lento yalandelwa yinkcaso, kunyaka olandelayo. Waye waphinda wazibandakanya kwinkcaso eWitwatersrand emalungelana nokuhla kwemivuzo. Kwaye waba yinxalenye yokwenziwa kombutho wabasebenzi i-Industrial and Commercial Workers union (icu) ngonyaka we-1920.

UMaxeke wayezibandakanya neentshukumo zohlanga-ninzi, wenza intetho kumagqiyazana eWomen’s Reform Club ePitoli, eyayilumanyano lokuvota kumagqiyazana kwaye wangena iJoint Council yaphesheya kolwandle (Europe) neBantus. UMaxeke wanyulwa njengomongameli weWomen’s Missionary Society.

Ngonyaka we-1928, wayozimasa inkomfa eMelika kwaye wanomdla kakhulu kwi-ntlalo-entle yama-Afrika. Wenza into eyothi incede kwezengqesho kuma-Afrika eGoli kwaye wabaligqiyazana lokuqala elimnyama ukubangumphathi we-ofisi yobundlobongela bolutsha.

UMaxeke wanikwa imbeko njengomama wenkululeko yabantsundu eMzantsi Afrika, kwaye kukho isikolo se-ANC sona esi sithiywe ngaye eTanzania.

UMaxeke wamnabela uqaqaqa eGoli ngonyaka we-1939.